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We Shape Our Tools and Thereafter They Shape Us: The Role of Digital Acculturation in Human-Robot Interaction
Full text linkWhile culture plays a significant role in shaping attitudes towards human-robot interaction (HRI), cultural dimensions
of societies do not always influence these attitudes as they should. Previous research has linked various factors with this
phenomenon, e.g. media and popular culture. However, little research has been conducted to explore the bidirectional relationship between HRI and culture in digital acculturation. The current study aims to answer the question of how individuals can adopt new consumption patterns beyond cultural norms in HRI. The data collected from 302 Turkish participants
were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach. Digital technologies digitized consumer culture, causing individuals to adopt
consumption patterns associated with different societies and not belonging to a particular society. Despite the cultural
dimensions of Turkish society that negatively affect the attitude towards robots, the findings revealed that participants had
a positive attitude towards HRI with digital integration
Çocuk merkezli oyun terapisi ile deneyimsel oyun terapisinin 4-6 yaş arası çocukların kaygı düzeyine etkisinin karşılaştırılması
Full text linkAraştırmada Çocuk Merkezli Oyun Terapisi ile Deneyimsel Oyun Terapisinin çocuklarda görünen kaygı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada terapiye, oyun terapisine ve terapiste güvenin terapi sonuçları üzerindeki etkisine de bakılmıştır. Araştırma 4-6 yaş aralığındaki çocuklar üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında deney ve kontrol grupları oluşturulmuştur. Her bir deney grubunda 6 ve kontrol grubunda da 6 olmak üzere toplam 18 çocuk araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çocukların kaygılarını ölçmek amacı ile Yeniden Düzenlenmiş Okul Öncesi Kaygı Ölçeği (YD-OÖKÖ) kullanılmıştır. Ebeveynlerin terapiye, oyun terapisine ve terapiste güvenlerini ölçmek amacı ile 10'lu likert ölçek verilmiştir. Demografik bilgiler ise Demografik Bilgi Formu yolu ile toplanmıştır. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda normal dağılım göstermeyen sürekli değişkenlerin iki grup arasında karşılaştırılmasında Mann–Whitney U testi, normallik varsayımının karşılandığı durumlarda ise Independent Samples t Test kullanılmıştır. Üç ve üzeri gruplarda ise normallik varsayımı karşılanmıyorsa Kruskal-Wallis, normallik varsayımının karşılandığı durumda One-Way ANOVA ve Post-Hoc testler uygulanmıştır. Grup içi karşılaştırmalarda ise normallik varsayımı göz önüne alınarak Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıra Testi veya Dependent Samples t Test kullanılmıştır. Sürekli değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler ise Spearman korelasyon analizi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma Çocuk Merkezli Oyun Terapisi ile Deneyimsel Oyun Terapisi'nin kaygı üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Her iki yaklaşımın karşılaştırmasına yaklaşımlar arasında kaygı üzerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca, terapiye olan güven ile terapi sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunurken, ekole ve terapiste olan güven ile terapi sonuçları arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.The study investigated the effects Child-Centered Play Therapy and Experiential Play Therapy, on anxiety in children. In addition, the study investigated the effects of trust in therapy, play therapy, and the therapist on therapy results.The study was conducted on children between the ages of 4 and 6. Experimental and control groups were formed within the scope of the study. A total of 18 children were included in the study, 6 in each experimental group and 6 in the control group The Revised Anxiety Scale for Preschool Children was used to measure children's anxiety. A 10-point Likert scale was used to measure parents' trust in therapy, play therapy, and the therapist. Demographic information was collected via the Demographic Information Form. In comparisons between groups, the Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare continuous variables that did not show a normal distribution between two groups, and the Independent Samples t Test was used in cases where the assumption of normality was met. In groups of three or more, if the normality assumption was not met, Kruskal-Wallis and if the normality assumption was met, One-Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc tests were applied. In intra-group comparisons, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test or Dependent Samples t Test was used considering the normality assumption. Relationships between continuous variables were examined with Spearman correlation analysis. The study showed that Child-Centered Play Therapy and Experiential Play Therapy were effective on anxiety. No significant difference was found on anxiety between the approaches in the comparison of both approaches. In addition, while there was a significant relationship between trust in therapy and therapy results, there was no significant relationship between trust in school and therapist and therapy results
Finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi: Bir panel veri analizi
Full text linkÜlkelerin temel problemlerinden birisi gelir eşitsizliğidir. Gelir eşitsizliğini azaltmak ve en nihayetinde gelir dağılımında adaleti sağlamak politika yapıcıların temel görevlerinden birisidir. Ekonomilerdeki öneminin artmasıyla birlikte, finansal sistemlerin nitelik, nicelik ve etkinliğindeki artışlar anlamına gelen finansal gelişme araştırılmaya değer hale gelmiştir. Bu araştırma alanlarından biri olarak finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi 1990'lı yıllarda teorik ve ampirik olarak araştırılmaya başlanmış, söz konusu araştırmalar günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada finansal gelişme ve gelir eşitsizliği ilişkisi, G-20 ülkeleri kapsamında 2000-2020 dönemine ait veriler kullanılarak panel veri analizi yöntemiyle ampirik olarak incelenmiştir. Gelir eşitsizliğini temsilen Gini katsayısı seçilmiştir. Finansal gelişme değişkenleri, bankacılık sektörü değişkenleri ve sermaye piyasası göstergeleri olmak üzere iki kısma ayrılmıştır. Bankacılık sektörü göstergeleri olarak özel sektör kredileri, M2 para arzı ve banka mevduatı kullanılırken, sermaye piyasası göstergeleri olarak da piyasa büyüklüğü, volatilite ve reel faiz oranı tercih edilmiştir. Çalışmada, gelişmiş ülkeler ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler ayrı ayrı panel veri ve nedensellik analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Panel veri analizi sonuçlarına göre, finansal gelişme endeksi ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında tüm ülkeler ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneklemlerinde ters U biçiminde bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilirken, gelişmiş ülkeler örneklemi için, negatif doğrusal bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bankacılık sektörü değişkenleri (para arzı, özel sektör kredileri ve banka mevduatı) ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında tüm ülkeler örneklemi ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneklemi için gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda doğrusal olmayan U biçiminde bir ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Gelişmiş ülkeler örneklemi için bankacılık sektörü değişkenleri ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Tüm ülkeler örneklemi için volatilite ve piyasa değeri değişkenleri ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında ters U şeklinde bir ilişkinin vardır. Reel faiz oranı ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında ise anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı görülmüştür. Gelişmiş ülkeler örneklemi için ise volatilite ve piyasa değeri değişenleri ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilemezken, reel faiz oranı ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında ters U şeklinde bir bağlantı olduğu görülmüştür. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örneklemi için volatilite ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktur. Reel faiz oranı ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında U şeklinde ve piyasa değeri ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında ise ters U şeklinde bağlantılar bulunmuştur. Nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre ise tüm ülkeler örneklemi için gelir eşitsizliği ile finansal gelişme endeksi, özel sektör krediler, banka mevduatları ve volatilite arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Para arzından ve piyasa büyüklüğü değişkeninden gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi varken reel faiz oranı ile herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır. Gelişmiş ülke örnekleminde reel faiz oranından gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi mevcut iken diğer tüm değişkenler ile gelir eşitsizliği arasında nedensel bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir. Gelişmekte olan ülkeler örnekleminde gelir eşitsizliği ile para arzı, özel sektör kredileri ve reel faiz oranı arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Banka mevduatları ve piyasa büyüklüğü ile gelir eşitsizliğine doğru tek yönlü nedensel bir ilişki vardır. Bunun yanında gelir eşitsizliği ile volatilite arasında nedensel bir ilişki tespit edilememiştir.One of the fundamental problems of countries is income inequality. Reducing income inequality and ultimately ensuring justice in income distribution is one of the fundamental tasks of policy makers. With its increasing importance in economies, financial development, which means increases in the quality, quantity and efficiency of financial systems, has become worth investigating. As one of these research areas, the relationship between financial development and income inequality began to be investigated theoretically and empirically in the 1990s, and these studies continue today. In this study, the relationship between financial development and income inequality was empirically examined using panel data analysis method using data from the period 2000-2020 within the scope of G-20 countries. Gini coefficient was chosen to represent income inequality. Financial development variables were divided into two parts: banking sector variables and capital market indicators. While private sector loans, M2 money supply and bank deposits were used as banking sector indicators, market size, volatility and real interest rate were preferred as capital market indicators. In the study, developed and developing countries were examined separately with panel data and causality analysis. According to the panel data analysis results, an inverted U-shaped relationship was found between the financial development index and income inequality in all countries and developing country samples, while a negative linear relationship was found for the developed country sample. As a result of the analyses conducted for the banking sector variables (money supply, private sector loans and bank deposits) and income inequality in all countries and developing country samples, a non-linear U-shaped relationship was found. No significant relationship was found between the banking sector variables and income inequality for the developed country sample. There was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the volatility and market value variables and income inequality for the all country sample. It was found that there was no significant relationship between the real interest rate and income inequality. While no significant relationship was found between the volatility and market value variables and income inequality for the developed country sample, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between the real interest rate and income inequality. There was no significant relationship between volatility and income inequality for the developing country sample. A U-shaped relationship is found between real interest rates and income inequality, and an inverted U-shaped relationship is found between market value and income inequality. According to the results of causality analysis, there is a bidirectional causality relationship between income inequality and financial development index, private sector loans, bank deposits and volatility for all countries. While there is a one-way causality relationship from money supply and market size variable to income inequality, there is no causality relationship with real interest rate. While there is a one-way causality relationship from real interest rate to income inequality in the developed country sample, no causal relationship was detected between all other variables and income inequality. There is a bidirectional causality relationship between income inequality and money supply, private sector loans and real interest rate in the developing country sample. There is a one-way causal relationship from bank deposits and market size to income inequality. In addition, no causal relationship was detected between income inequality and volatility
A Novel Legal Approach for Justifying Economic Sanctions and Tariffs: A Semiotic Analysis of the Second Trump Administration Position
Full text linkThe Trump administration has rapidly and exponentially deployed economic sanctions and tariffs at unprecedented rates. The administration proposed new legal
justifications such as the executive authorities under the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) of 1977 declaring national emergency prompting
such imminent large-scale actions. The present analysis utilized a linguistic semiotics qualitative design to examine the characteristics of the Trump administration’s
novel legal reasoning for the use of economic sanctions and tariffs. The analysis
particularly assessed the ethos, logos, and pathos of 14 documents discussing the
administration’s legal justifications. The Trump administration’s new legal approach
to sanctions begins with the removal of all administrative protection measures
against capricious executive powers use. Then, the administration finds unheralded
powers in legislative acts extending its authority such as the use of the IEEPA,
the Expanded Trade Act of 1962, and the Trade Act of 1974. Subsequently, the
administration sheds its decisions under longstanding Supreme Courts’ doctrines
like the intelligible principle, as well as the delegated Congressional authority to
the executive. The new legal arguments of the Trump administration threaten the
legitimacy and authority of international law. The administration has sanctioned the
International Criminal Court based on the national emergency argument signaling
to other actors around the globe the opportunity to utilize a similar logic, which by
definition weakens international institutions. Likewise, the new arguments provide
seemingly legitimate avenues for authoritarian governments to take unilateral actions affecting commerce and peace around the world claiming national emergency
provision
The effect of consumer inspiration on experience extension in augmented reality marketing
Full text linkPurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of augmented reality (AR) expertise and augmentation quality on consumer inspiration and the subsequent effect of consumer inspiration on experience extension. This study sets out to investigate the mediating role of application/brand (app/brand) congruence between consumer inspiration and experience extension.Design/methodology/approachThe research sample consisted of consumers who used the AR application of the "Atasun Optik" brand, which allowed them to experience products using AR technology. Data analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) statistical software.FindingsAccording to the structural equation modeling analysis results, AR quality and AR expertise positively affected consumer inspiration. In addition, inspiration positively affected app/brand congruence. However, no effect of inspiration on direct experience extension was found. The results revealed that app/brand congruence had a full mediation effect between consumer inspiration and experience extension.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing body of AR marketing knowledge by revealing consumer inspiration's indirect role in the experience extension. Unlike previous studies that primarily associate inspiration with direct behavioral outcomes, the findings demonstrate that app/brand congruence fully mediates the relationship between inspiration and experience extension. Additionally, this study provides novel empirical evidence on the impact of AR expertise and augmentation quality on consumer inspiration, addressing a gap in the literature. By highlighting the mediating role of app/brand congruence, this research advances the understanding of how AR experiences shape consumer behavior beyond immediate purchase intentions.
El efecto de la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor en la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia en el marketing de realidad aumentadaObjetivoEste estudio examina el impacto de la experiencia en realidad aumentada (AR) y la calidad de la aumentaci & oacute;n en la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor, as & iacute; como el efecto posterior de la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor en la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia. Adem & aacute;s, se investiga el papel mediador de la congruencia aplicaci & oacute;n/marca (app/marca) entre la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor y la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia.Dise & ntilde;o/metodolog & iacute;a/enfoqueLa muestra de investigaci & oacute;n estuvo compuesta por consumidores que utilizaron la aplicaci & oacute;n de realidad aumentada de la marca "Atasun Optik", la cual les permit & iacute;a experimentar productos mediante tecnolog & iacute;a AR. El an & aacute;lisis de datos se llev & oacute; a cabo utilizando el software estad & iacute;stico Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares).ResultadosSeg & uacute;n los resultados del an & aacute;lisis de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales, la calidad de AR y la experiencia en AR afectaron positivamente la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor. Adem & aacute;s, la inspiraci & oacute;n influy & oacute; positivamente en la congruencia app/marca. Sin embargo, no se encontr & oacute; un efecto directo de la inspiraci & oacute;n en la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia. Los resultados revelaron que la congruencia app/marca tuvo un efecto de mediaci & oacute;n total entre la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor y la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia.Originalidad/valorEste estudio contribuye al creciente cuerpo de conocimiento sobre el marketing de realidad aumentada al revelar el papel indirecto de la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor en la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia. A diferencia de estudios previos que principalmente asocian la inspiraci & oacute;n con resultados conductuales directos, nuestros hallazgos demuestran que la congruencia app/marca media completamente la relaci & oacute;n entre la inspiraci & oacute;n y la extensi & oacute;n de la experiencia. Adem & aacute;s, este estudio proporciona nueva evidencia emp & iacute;rica sobre el impacto de la experiencia en AR y la calidad de la aumentaci & oacute;n en la inspiraci & oacute;n del consumidor, abordando una brecha en la literatura. Al resaltar el papel mediador de la congruencia app/marca, esta investigaci & oacute;n ampl & iacute;a la comprensi & oacute;n de c & oacute;mo las experiencias de AR influyen en el comportamiento del consumidor m & aacute;s all & aacute; de las intenciones de compra inmediatas.
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Long-term impact of self-mobilization via telerehabilitation vs. manual therapy and home exercise on pain and function in cervical degenerative disease
Full text linkPurpose: Cervical Degenerative Disease (CDD) commonly leads to neck pain, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. This study aimed to compare the long-term effects of home exercise, manual therapy, and telerehabilitation-assisted treatment on pain, functionality, and patient satisfaction in individuals with CDD. Patients and methods: Sixty-six patients diagnosed with CDD were randomly assigned to three groups: home exercise (n = 23), manual therapy (n = 22), and telerehabilitation (n = 21). All groups participated in an 8-week exercise program, with the manual therapy and telerehabilitation groups receiving additional sessions twice a week. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), pain threshold with an algometer, neck function with the Neck Disability Index and range of motion (ROM), and patient satisfaction with the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18. Results: All groups significantly improved pain, function, and ROM over time (p < 0.05). But there were no significant differences between groups at the 6-month follow-up. Manual therapy and telerehabilitation significantly enhanced patient satisfaction, particularly in communication and technical quality (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Home exercise, manual therapy, and telerehabilitation improve long-term outcomes in CDD. Manual therapy and telerehabilitation provide greater patient satisfaction, making them viable options for long-term management. Telerehabilitation can be used as an alternative when necessary
The Effect of Reflective Blankets on Reducing Inadvertent Perioperative Hypothermia in Abdominal Surgery Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Full text linkPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a reflective blanket on reducing perioperative hypothermia and on thermal comfort and shivering levels in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Design: The research is in the design of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Methods: This randomized controlled trial, conducted between February 2022 and January 2023 in a public hospital, included 105 American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy or umbilical hernia surgery. Patients were randomized into three groups: active warming (n = 35), reflective blanket (n = 35), and routine care (n = 35). The active warming and reflective blanket groups received 15 minutes of prewarming. Body temperature, shivering, and thermal comfort were assessed. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 (IBM Corp) (P < .05). Findings: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics (P > .05). At the end of anesthesia, hypothermia was observed in 71.4% of patients in the control group, 42.9% in the intervention group and 28.6% in the reference group (P < .05). Before clinical transfer, hypothermia persisted only in the control group (37.1%) and was not observed in the other two groups (P < .001). Shivering was seen only in the control and intervention groups, while it was absent in the reference group (P < .05). Thermal comfort scores were similar at baseline, but during the perioperative period, the reference group had the highest and the control group the lowest scores (P < .01). Conclusions: The use of reflective blankets was as effective as active warming in reducing the incidence of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia and shivering and increasing the level of thermal comfort perception in patients and provided superiority over the control group. © 2026 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
Enhanced UV detection in GaN-based photodetectors through InN/AlN heterostructure integration and doping-engineered PIN architecture
Full text linkThis study presents a comprehensive simulation-based optimization of gallium nitride (GaN)-based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors designed for ultraviolet (UV) applications. The proposed device architecture incorporates a novel indium nitride/gallium nitride/aluminum nitride (InN/GaN/AlN) heterostructure integrated on a sapphire substrate, combined with refined doping strategies and interdigitated electrode geometry. By systematically analyzing the effects of mesa layer thickness, buffer layers, substrate type, and doping concentrations, we demonstrate significant enhancements in photocurrent generation, photoabsorption rate, and spectral responsivity. Notably, replacing the conventional sapphire substrate with silicon carbide (SiC) and introducing low-level p-type and n-type (p-n) doping into the GaN region enables p-i-n diode-like behavior, contributing to reduced dark current and improved UV selectivity. Building upon these structural enhancements, the final geometric optimization of the nickel/gold (Ni/Au) electrode fingers led to an approximately eightfold increase in photocurrent compared to the initial design, representing the most significant contribution to the improvement in absorption efficiency. These findings offer an effective route for designing next-generation MSM photodetectors with improved sensitivity, noise performance, and thermal compatibility, suitable for high-performance ultraviolet detection applications. © 2025 Author(s)
Effectiveness of virtual reality simulation-based training on enhancing positive attitudes toward newborn skin assessment among neonatal ıcu nurses
Full text linkBACKGROUND Maintenance of skin integrity in the neonatal period is crucial to avoid morbidity and mortality associated with skin problems in infants admitted to the neonatal ICUs (NICUs). Neonatal ICU nurses play a key role in the assessment of newborn skin for the early detection and management of skin injury. Consequently, there is a need to foster positive attitudes toward newborn skin assessment among nurses through training to reduce the incidence of skin injury. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of virtual reality simulator (VRS)-based training on the attitude toward newborn skin assessment among NICU nurses. METHODS The study had a quasi-experimental design, involving pretest/posttest comparisons. A total of 73 NICU nurses (training group, n = 33; control group, n = 40) working in public and private hospitals in Gaziantep, Turkey, were included in the study, which was conducted from March to May 2022. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic and Occupational Data Form and the Newborn Skin Assessment Attitude Scale (NSAAS). The nurses in the training group received a VRS training program that was developed based on the theory of attitude change known as the Message-Learning Approach. The control group did not receive any training. RESULTS Intragroup and between-group comparisons of the pretest and posttest scores of the NSAAS subdimensions (awareness, practice, and avoidance) and total scores after training showed that all subdimension scores and total NSAAS scores improved significantly in the training group. CONCLUSIONS The VRS training was effective in enhancing or reinforcing positive attitudes toward newborn skin assessment among NICU nurses. © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved
Curves and Pixels: Longitudinal Associations Between Frequency of Pornography Use and Body Dissatisfaction in a Sample of Young Hungarian Adults
Full text linkIntroduction Despite unrealistic body portrayals commonly seen in pornographic materials, only a few studies have examined
the association between pornography use frequency (PUF) and body dissatisfaction (BD) over time and most of these studies
have been limited in scope (e.g., only focused on women) and included several limitations (e.g., cross-sectional designs). The
present study sought to address these gaps by investigating the associations between PUF and BD over a one-year period,
while also considering gender-related differences.
Method We used an autoregressive cross-lagged analysis with a multi-group approach among 3,733 young adults (Mage = 23,
SDage= 4.74, 48.2% men and 51.8% women). Data for the first wave were collected between March and July 2019, and for
the second wave between June and September 2020.
Results Findings showed that higher levels of PUF were cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of BD among men
and women as well. Longitudinally, a bidirectional association was present between PUF and BD in men but not in women.
Men’s higher levels of PUF at baseline were associated with greater BD one year later, and higher levels of BD at baseline
were associated with increased PUF one year later.
Conclusions Findings indicate that pornography use is positively linked to BD in men both short- and longer-term, but only
in short-term among women. Adults who consume pornography might be influenced by the unrealistic and idealized body
portrayals, resulting in body concerns.
Policy Implications Mental health professionals should consider pornography consumption when treating individuals experiencing
body dissatisfaction. Policymakers can integrate media literacy education that addresses the unrealistic expectations
fostered by pornography into their sexual education curricula