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Square-difference factor absorbing primary ideals of commutative rings
No full textLet
R
be a commutative ring with identity. A proper ideal
I
of a ring
R
is called a square-difference factor absorbing primary ideal of
R
if for
a
,
b
∈
R
, whenever
a
2
−
b
2
∈
I
, then
a
+
b
∈
√
I
or
a
−
b
∈
I
. Several characterizations and properties of this class of ideals are presented. Various examples are provided to illustrate the obtained results and demonstrate the applicability of our findings. Furthermore, the properties of this class of ideals are investigated in extensions of rings
Geleneksel Gaziantep yemekleri tüketim sıklığı, çevresel etkileri ve beslenme açısından sürdürülebilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi
Full text linkBu araştırma, Gaziantep mutfağının geleneksel yemeklerinin çevresel etkileri (su ayak izi ve karbon ayak izi), tüketim sıklığı ve sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada Gaziantep'te, Gaziantep Büyükşehir Belediyesi Sanat ve Meslek Eğitimi Kursları (GASMEK) kursiyeri olan, 19-64 yaş aralığında, 74 kadın katılımcının verileri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında katılımcılara, demografik bilgilerine dair anket, sürdürülebilir beslenme anketi, Akdeniz Diyeti (AD) uyumunu ölçmek için PREDIMED ölçeği ve Gaziantep yemeklerinin tüketim sıklığı soru kağıdı uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, yemek gruplarında kebaplar (1,976 m³/ton), su ayak izi (WF) açısından en yüksek ortalamaya sahipken börekler (0,277 m³/ton) ise en düşük ortalamaya sahiptir. Patlıcan Kebabı 3,092 m³/ton ile en yüksek WF'ne sahipken, Kuymak 0,097 m³/ton ile en düşük WF'ne sahiptir. Yemek gruplarına göre karbon ayak izi (CF) en yüksek ortalama kebaplara (9 CO2-e/kg) aitken, en düşük değer ise böreklere aittir (1,4 CO2-e/kg). Altı Ezmeli Tike Kebabı 15,1 CO2-e/kg ile en yüksek CF'ne sahipken, Aşure 0,3 CO2-e/kg ile en düşük değere sahiptir. En sık tüketilen yemekler; kebaplarda sırasıyla Ayvalı Tas Kebabı, Cağırtlak (ciğer) Kebabı, Patlıcan Kebabı, Sebzeli Kebap, Altı Ezmeli ve Antep Terbiyeli Tike Kebabı; çorbalarda Malhıta Çorbası, yoğurtlu yemeklerde Yoğurtlu Bakla; böreklerde Lahmacun; pilavlarda Mercimekli Pilav; sebzeli-etlilerde Ayvalı Taraklık, Patlıcan Doğrama ve Domates Tavası; dolma ve sarmalarda Yoğurtlu Kabak Dolması; köftelerde Yağlı Köfte; tatlılarda Katmer ve Fıstıklı Kurabiye olmuştur. AD uyumunu ölçmek için kullanılan PREDIMED ölçeği sonuçlarına göre, katılımcıların %55,4'ü AD'ye orta düzeyde uyum göstermekte olup %37,8'i yüksek uyum; %6,8'i düşük uyum göstermiştir. Sürdürülebilir beslenme bilgi ve tutumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla uygulanan ankette, kadınların tamamına yakını sürdürülebilir beslenme bilgi puanı, sürdürülebilir besin alışveriş puanı ve besin kayıp ve atıkları ile ilgili farkındalık puanı açısından yeterli bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, geleneksel Gaziantep mutfağının çevresel sürdürülebilirliğini artırmak ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını AD'ne uyumlu hale getirmek için bilinçlendirme çalışmaları önerilmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Gaziantep mutfağı, sürdürülebilir beslenme, su ayak izi, karbon ayak izi, PREDIMED.This research aims to evaluate the environmental impacts (water footprint and carbon footprint), consumption frequency, and sustainability of traditional dishes from Gaziantep cuisine. Data were collected from 74 women participants, aged 19-64, who attended the Gaziantep Metropolitan Municipality's Arts and Vocational Training Courses (GASMEK). The study included demographic surveys, a sustainable nutrition questionnaire, the PREDIMED scale to measure adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), and a food frequency questionnaire specific to Gaziantep cuisine. According to the findings, kebabs had the highest average water footprint (1,879 m³/ton), while pastries had the lowest (0,277 m³/ton). Patlıcan (eggplant) Kebab had the highest water footprint (3,092 m³/ton), and Kuymak had the lowest (0,097 m³/ton). In terms of carbon footprint, kebabs also had the highest average (9 CO2-e/kg), while pastries had the lowest (1.4 CO2-e/kg). The highest carbon footprint was observed in Altı Ezmeli Tike Kebab (15.1 CO2-e/kg), and the lowest in Aşure (0.3 CO2-e/kg). The most frequently consumed dishes were Ayvalı Tas Kebabı, Cağırtlak Kebab, Patlıcan (eggplant) Kebab, Sebzeli Kebab, Altı Ezmeli and Antep Terbiyeli Tike Kebab in the kebab group; Malhıta Soup in soups; Yoğurtlu Bakla in yogurt-based dishes; Lahmacun in pastries; Lentil Pilaf in pilaf dishes; Ayvalı Taraklık, Patlıcan Doğrama, and Tomato Tava in vegetable-meat dishes; Yoğurtlu Kabak Dolması in stuffed dishes; Yağlı Köfte in Köfteler; and Katmer and Pistachio Cookies in desserts. According to the PREDIMED scale results, 55.4% of the participants showed moderate adherence to the MD, 37.8% showed high adherence, and 6.8% had low adherence. In the sustainable nutrition survey, all women scored sufficiently in terms of knowledge about sustainable nutrition, sustainable food shopping, and awareness of food waste and loss. In conclusion, raising awareness to improve the environmental sustainability of traditional Gaziantep cuisine and to align dietary habits with the MD are recommended. Keywords: Gaziantep cuisine, sustainable nutrition, water footprint, carbon footprint, PREDIMED
Effect of genetic mutations on outcomes of stem cell transplantation in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Full text linkPrimary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (p-HLH) can be cured with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). It remains unclear whether HSCT outcomes are affected by the presence of different genetic mutations. We used data obtained from children who underwent allo-HSCT for HLH to examine the effects of genetic mutations on HSCT outcomes. Data from 153 paediatric patients in 18 paediatric stem cell centres were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided into four groups: 1) with PRF1 mutation (n = 46), 2) with UNC13D mutation (n = 38), 3) with STX11/STXBP2 mutation (n = 25) and 4) with Griscelli syndrome type 2/ Chediak–Higashi syndrome (GS2/CHS) diagnosis (n = 44). Statistical analysis showed no difference between the subgroups in terms of engraftment, VOD, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, TRM, OS and EFS rates. The most important factor affecting OS and EFS in all genetic subgroups was remission status before HSCT. The 5-year EFS values for children with mutations in PRF1, UNC13D, STX11/STXBP2 and GS2/CHS were 71%, 66.6%, 74% and 66.7, respectively (log-rank >0.05). However, with prospective studies covering more patients, and creating different genetic subgroups by performing more detailed genetic analyses, special approaches for different genetic subgroups can be revealed in the future. © The Author(s) 2025
Square-difference factor absorbing submodules of modules over commutative rings
Full text linkLet R be a commutative ring with identity and M an unitary R-module. Recently, in [5], Anderson, Badawi and Coykendalla defined a proper ideal I of R to be a square-difference factor absorbing ideal (sdf-absorbing ideal) of R if whenever a2 − b2 ∈ I for 0 ≠ a, b ∈ R, then a + b ∈ I or a − b ∈ I. Generally, this article is devoted to introduce and study square-difference factor absorbing submodules. A proper submodule N of M is called square-difference factor absorbing (sdf-absorbing) in M if whenever m ∈ M and a, b ∈ R\AnnR(m) such that (a2 − b2)m ∈ N, then (a + b)m ∈ N or (a − b)m ∈ N. Many properties, examples and characterizations of sdf-absorbing submodules are introduced, especially in multiplication modules. Comparing this new class of submodules with classical prime submodules, we present new characterizations for von-Neumann regular modules in terms of sdf-absorbing submodules. Further characterizations of some special modules in which every nonzero proper submodule is sdf-absorbing are investigated. Finally, the sdf-absorbing submodules in amalgamated modules are studied
Deprem afeti sonrasında konteynerkentte yaşayan evli kadınların yaşadıkları zorluklar ve baş etme kaynaklarının incelenmesi
Full text link6 Şubat Depremlerinden sonra depremden etkilenen üç milyon afetzede evlerini terk etmek mecburiyetinde kalmış ve geçici barınma alanlarında yaşamaya başlamıştır. Bu araştırmada konteynerkentte yaşama tecrübesi olan evli kadınların yaşadıkları zorluklar ve bu zorluklar ile baş etme kaynakları araştırılmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desende gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ve kar topu tekniği kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Örneklem 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş Depremini yaşamış, Hatay ilinde konteynerkentte yaşayan 15 evli kadından oluşturulmuştur. Veri toplama aşamasında araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulguları içerik analizi ile analiz edilmiş ve zorluklar, baş etme kaynakları ile beklenti ve öneriler olmak üzere üç temaya ulaşılmıştır. Zorluklar teması mekânsal, psikolojik/duygusal, ekonomik, fiziksel sağlık ile ilgili ve ilişkisel zorluklar olmak üzere beş kategoriye; baş etme kaynakları teması inanç, sosyal etkileşim, duyguların ifade edilmesi, hayal gücü ve yaratıcılık, bilişsel stratejiler ve fizyoloji olmak üzere altı kategoriye; beklenti ve öneriler teması ise kalıcı konut talebi, konteynerkent ile ilgili talepler, işle ilgili talepler ve yardımlarla ilgili talepler olmak üzere dört kategoriye ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen bulguların bundan sonra gerçekleşecek afet yönetimi sürecinde evli kadınların yaşadıkları zorlukların azaltılmasına ve baş etme kaynaklarının desteklenmesine katkı sunacağı düşünülmekte; afet sonrası sürecin kolaylaştırılmasının mümkün kılınması açısından önemli görülmektedir.After the earthquakes on February 6th, three million earthquake victims affected by the disaster have been forced to leave their homes and have started living in temporary shelters. This study investigates the challenges faced by married women that lived in container cities and the coping resources they utilized to manage these challenges. The research was conducted using a phenomenological design, which is a qualitative research method. The study sample was determined using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The sample consisted of 15 married women who had experienced the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake on the 6th of February, 2023 and had been living in container cities in Hatay province. During the data collection phase, a semi-structured interview form developed by the researcher was used. The findings of the study were analyzed through content analysis, and three main themes emerged: challenges, coping resources, and expectations and suggestions. The theme of challenges was categorized into five categories: spatial, psychological/emotional, economic, physical health-related, and relational difficulties. The theme of coping resources was divided into six categories: beliefs, social interaction, emotional expression, imagination and creativity, cognitive strategies, and physiology. The theme of expectations and suggestions was examined in four categories: demand for permanent housing, demands related to the container city, work-related demands, and demands for aid. The findings from this study are considered crucial for facilitating the post-disaster process by reducing the challenges faced by married women and supporting their coping resources in future disaster management efforts
Identifying and prioritizing the barriers and facilitators to mHealth adoption among older adults: an expert-driven best–worst method approach to inform healthcare
Full text linkThis study identifies and prioritizes barriers and facilitators shaping olderadults’ adoption of mobile health (mHealth) technologies, including appsand wearables. Using the Best–Worst Method (BWM), an expert-driven multi-criteria decision-making approach, we evaluate a structured frameworkspanning five domains: Technological Proficiency and Confidence, Physicaland Cognitive Limitations, Perceived Relevance and Need, Usability andDesign, and Economic Factors. A multidisciplinary panel of clinicians, geron-tology and rehabilitation specialists, public-health researchers, and HCI/tech-nology practitioners assessed the relative importance of each domain and itssub-criteria. Results indicate that personal barriers dominate: Physical andCognitive Limitations and Technological Proficiency/Confidence rank high-est, with lack of familiarity with technology and limited technical skillsemerging as pivotal obstacles. By contrast, Economic Factors and Usability/Design, while relevant, are comparatively less decisive in determininguptake. The findings translate into practical guidance for health systemsand developers, emphasizing staged digital-literacy supports, age-inclusiveinterface requirements (clear text, high contrast, large touch targets, forgiv-ing flows), and lightweight clinician cueing integrated into routine care. Theproposed framework offers a replicable, decision-oriented basis to prioritizeinterventions, inform procurement and design, and monitor implementation,with the overarching aim of improving mHealth use, self-management, andquality of life among older adults
Performance analysis of an existing reinforced concrete building with linear and non-linear analysis methods
Full text linkIn this study, we aim to evaluate performance of an existing reinforced concrete building using different analysis methods, such as linear and nonlinear methods and compare its results accordingly to highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate analysis method in performance evaluation of existing buildings. For this study we examined an existing reinforced concrete building located in İskenderun. Analysis models were created in accordance with the building's existing architectural and structural formwork plans. Missing data was completed by considering the minimum requirements of relevant codes and standards. The Modal Response Spectrum Method was used as the linear analysis method, while nonlinear analysis methods included Modal Pushover Analysis and Time History Analysis based on modal solution type. The current condition of the structure was evaluated within the framework of the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 (TBEC-2018). According to linear modal response spectrum analysis method, the structure was generally evaluated at the Controlled Damage Performance Level. As a result of the nonlinear modal pushover analysis, it was determined that the structure was generally evaluated at the Collapse State Performance Level. Based on this nonlinear time history analysis, the structure was evaluated at the Controlled Damage Performance Level. Significant differences were observed between the performance levels obtained using different analysis methods. This highlights that the choice of analysis method has a direct impact on the assessment of structural safety. This study highlights the comparative results of various methods that can be used in the performance analysis of existing structures and emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate method.Bu tez çalışmasında, mevcut bir betonarme binanın, lineer ve lineer olmayan, farklı analiz yöntemleri kullanarak performans analizini yapıp sonuçlarını karşılaştırarak, mevcut binaların performans değerlendirilmesinde uygun analiz yönteminin seçiminin önemini vurgulamayı amaçladık. Bu çalışma için İskenderun'da bulunan betonarme bir binayı inceledik. Yapının mevcut mimari ve kalıp planlarına uygun olarak analiz modelleri oluşturulmuştur. Eksik veriler, ilgili yönetmelik ve standartların minimum koşulları göz önüne alınarak tamamlanmıştır. Doğrusal analiz yöntemi olarak Mod Birleştirme Yöntemi, doğrusal olmayan analiz yöntemleri olarak ise çok modlu itme yöntemlerinden olan Modal İtme Analizi ve Zaman Tanım Alanında Modal Analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yapının mevcut durumu, Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018 (TBEC-2018) çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Mod birleştirme yöntemi ile yapılan analize göre yapı, genel olarak Kontrollü Hasar Performans Düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan çok modlu itme analizi sonucunda ise yapının genel olarak Göçme Durumu Performans Düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan zaman tanım alanında yapılan analizlere göre ise yapı, Kontrollü Hasar Performans Düzeyinde değerlendirilmiştir. Farklı analiz yöntemleriyle elde edilen performans düzeyleri arasında önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durum, analiz yöntemi seçiminin yapısal güvenliğin değerlendirilmesi üzerinde doğrudan etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Analiz sonuçları, farklı analiz yöntemleri sonucu ortaya çıkan performans düzeyleri belirlenmiş; ortaya çıkan sonuçlar karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, mevcut yapıların performans analizinde kullanılabilecek yöntemlerin sonuçlarını karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde ortaya koyarak, doğru yöntem seçiminin önemine dikkat çekmektedir
Tele-assessment in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: Feasibility and reliability of patient-led asynchronous method
Full text linkObjective This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and reliability of the six assessment tools commonly used in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) for patient-led asynchronous method: Brooke Scale, Vignos Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS-Pain), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Methods This study included 40 individuals with LGMD (55% female; mean age = 30.53 +/- 9.68 years). The assessment tools used in the study were initially completed by the participants using the patient-led asynchronous method and one week later using the clinician-led synchronous method. Google Forms was utilized for the patient-led asynchronous method, and ZoomTM was used for the clinician-led synchronous method. Furthermore, a questionnaire created by the researchers was administered to assess the satisfaction and usefulness of the procedures of both tele-assessment methods. Results There was no significant difference between the total scores of the six assessment tools obtained by both methods (p's > 0.05). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) exhibited excellent reliability for the total scores of the FSS (ICC = 0.91), MBI (ICC = 0.92), and NHP (ICC = 0.87). Weighted kappa (kappa w) showed excellent reliability for the Brooke Scale (kappa w = 0.94) and Vignos Scale (kappa w = 0.94), and good reliability for the NRS-Pain (kappa w = 0.63). The questionnaire conducted on the satisfaction and usefulness of the procedure of tele-assessment methods showed significantly greater overall satisfaction with the clinician-led synchronous method (p = 0.009). Conclusion In individuals with LGMD, the six assessment tools were feasible and reliable when utilized with the patient-led asynchronous method
The Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Irisin, Nesfatin-1, and Leptin Levels in Rats Subjected to Long-Term Treadmill Exercise
Full text linkBackground. Curcumin supports metabolism with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It is particularly effective in reducing metabolic stress caused by prolonged exercise.
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of curcumin supplementation on Irisin, Nesfatin-1, and Leptin hormone levels in rats undergoing prolonged treadmill exercise.
Methods. A total of 32 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided randomly into four equal groups: The control group (n=8), the curcumin group (n=8), the treadmill group (n=8), and the curcumin+treadmill group. The experiment lasted eight weeks, with one week of treadmill acclimatization. No intervention was applied to the control group. Curcumin was given at 200 mg/kg, and treadmill exercise was performed for 30 min at 45 cm/s, three days weekly. The Curcumin+Treadmill group was fed 200 mg/kg/day and performed three days a week for 30 minutes at an average speed of 45 cm/s. After the study, rats were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Irisin, nesfatin-1, and leptin hormone levels were determined using the ELISA method.
Results. Our study showed a significant increase in irisin levels in both the curcumin and exercise groups compared to the control group. For nesfatin-1, levels were significantly decreased in the curcumin group compared to the control, while they were significantly increased in the curcumin+exercise group. Leptin levels were the highest in the exercise group, showing a significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.05). In contrast, the leptin levels in the curcumin group were significantly lower than those in the exercise group.
Conclusion. This study demonstrates that combining curcumin supplementation and exercise positively affects irisin, nesfatin-1, and leptin hormone levels, contributing to metabolic balance
Developing a novel hybrid model based on GRU deep neural network and Whale optimization algorithm for precise forecasting of river’s streamflow
No full textStreamflow contemplates a fundamental criterion to evaluate the impact of human activities and
climate changes on the hydrological cycle. In this study, a novel innovative deep neural network
(DNN) structure by integrating a double Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) neural network model with a
multiplication layer and meta-heuristic whale optimization algorithm (WOA) (i.e., hybrid 2GRU×–WOA
model) is developed to improve the prediction accuracy and performance of mean monthly Chehel-Chai
River’s streamflow (CCRSFm) in Iran. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) and Cosine Amplitude
Sensitivity (CAS) as feature (input) selection process determine the only precipitation (Pm) as the most
effective input variable among a list of on-site potential climate time series parameters recorded in the
study area. Thanks to a well-proportioned layer network structural framework in the suggested hybrid
2GRU×–WOA model, it leads to an appropriate total learnable parameter (TLP) compared to standard
individual GRU and Bi-GRU as the benchmark models developed in the comparable meta-parameters.
This hybrid model under the optimal meant meta-parameters tuned i.e., coupling a state activation
functions (SAF) of tanh-softsign, dropout rate (P-rate) of 0.5, numbers of hidden neurons (NHN) of 70,
outperforms with an R2 of 0.79, NSE of 0.76, MAE of 0.21 (m3/s), MBE of -0.11(m3/s), and RMSE of 0.36
(m3/s). Hybridizing the 2GRU× model with WOA algorithm causes to increase in the value of R2 by 6.8%
and reduce in the value of RMSE by 20.4%. Comparatively, standard individual GRU and Bi-GRU models
result in an R2 of 0.59 and 0.66, NSE of 0.55 and 0.6, MAE of 0.91 and 0.53 (m3/s), MBE of 0.047 and
−0.06 (m3/s), RMSE of 1.29 and 0.83 (m3/s), respectively