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Latency-Aware and Energy-Efficient Task Offloading in IoT and Cloud Systems with DQN Learning
No full textThe exponential proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and optical IoT (O-IoT) has
introduced substantial challenges concerning computational capacity and energy efficiency.
IoT devices generate vast volumes of aggregated data and require intensive processing,
often resulting in elevated latency and excessive energy consumption. Task offloading has
emerged as a viable solution; however, many existing strategies fail to adequately optimize
both latency and energy usage. This paper proposes a novel task-offloading approach
based on deep Q-network (DQN) learning, designed to intelligently and dynamically
balance these critical metrics. The proposed framework continuously refines real-time
task offloading decisions by leveraging the adaptive learning capabilities of DQN, thereby
substantially reducing latency and energy consumption. To further enhance system performance,
the framework incorporates optical networks into the IoT–fog–cloud architecture,
capitalizing on their high-bandwidth and low-latency characteristics. This integration
facilitates more efficient distribution and processing of tasks, particularly in data-intensive
IoT applications. Additionally, we present a comparative analysis between the proposed
DQN algorithm and the optimal strategy. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate
the superior effectiveness of the proposed DQN framework across various IoT and O-IoT
scenarios compared to the BAT and DJA approaches, achieving improvements in energy
consumption and latency of 35%, 50%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. These findings underscore
the significance of selecting an appropriate offloading strategy tailored to the specific
requirements of IoT and O-IoT applications, particularly with regard to environmental
stability and performance demands
Examining the impact of bibliotherapy presented with digital storytelling on emotion regulation skills of preschool children
No full textAraştırma, gelişimsel bibliyoterapi kapsamında okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların duygu düzenleme becerilerini desteklemeyi ve farklı hikâye anlatım yöntemlerinin etkisini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada deneysel bir çerçevede dijital öyküleme ve geleneksel okuma yöntemleriyle okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların duygu düzenleme becerilerini desteklemeyi amaçlayan bibliyoterapi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, bibliyoterapi uygulamalarının geleneksel okuma ve dijital öyküleme yöntemiyle sunulması arasındaki etkililik farkları değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, herhangi bir müdahale almayan kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırılarak, bibliyoterapinin çocukların duygu düzenleme becerileri üzerindeki genel etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde yazılan ve çizilen 4 kitaplık bibliyoterapi serisi, çocuklara geleneksel okuma ve dijital öyküleme yöntemleriyle sunulmuş; duygu düzenleme becerilerindeki değişim ise "Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği" aracılığıyla ebeveyn ve öğretmen değerlendirmeleri üzerinden ölçülmüştür. Araştırma, ön test son test kontrol gruplu deneysel desen kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş olup, örneklemi 60-72 ay aralığında yer alan toplam 91 çocuktan oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, bibliyoterapi uygulamalarının okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların duygu düzenleme becerilerinin gelişimine katkı sağladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Her iki yöntemle sunulan bibliyoterapi uygulamaları etkili bulunmakla birlikte, dijital öyküleme yöntemi özellikle uzun vadede elde edilen yüksek ortalama puanlarla dikkat çekmiştir. Çalışma, okul öncesi döneminde duygu düzenleme becerilerini destekleyen etkili müdahale yöntemlerini belirlemek ve eğitimde dijital araçların kullanımına yönelik kanıta dayalı bilgiler sunmak açısından önem taşımaktadır.The research aims to support emotion regulation skills of preschool children within the scope of developmental bibliotherapy and to comparatively examine the effect of different storytelling methods. In the research, bibliotherapy was used in an experimental framework aiming to support preschool children's emotion regulation skills with digital storytelling and traditional reading methods. In the study, the differences in the effectiveness of bibliotherapy practices between traditional reading and digital storytelling methods were evaluated. In addition, the overall effect of bibliotherapy on children's emotion regulation skills was examined in comparison with the control group that did not receive any intervention. The bibliotherapy series of 4 books written and drawn during the research process was presented to children through traditional reading and digital storytelling methods; the change in emotion regulation skills was measured through the "Emotion Regulation Scale" through parent and teacher evaluations. In the study, which was conducted with pre-test-post-test control group experimental design, the study group consisted of 91 children aged 60-72 months. The findings of the study reveal that bibliotherapy practices contribute to the development of emotion regulation skills of preschool children. Both methods of delivering bibliotherapy were found to be effective; however, the digital storytelling method stood out, particularly with the higher average scores obtained in the long term. This situation has been determined that the traditional narration method provides a faster change, while digital storytelling shows a sustainable effect in long-term measurements
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Their Novel Applications in Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment: A Review
No full textMolecular Dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a vital tool in optimizing drug delivery for cancer therapy, offering
detailed atomic-level insights into the interactions between drugs and their carriers. Unlike traditional experimental methods,
which can be resource-intensive and time-consuming, MD simulations provide a more efficient and precise approach
to studying drug encapsulation, stability, and release processes. These simulations are essential for designing effective drug
carriers and gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that influence drug behavior in biological systems.
Recent research has highlighted the broad applicability of MD simulations in assessing different drug delivery systems, such
as functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), chitosan-based nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and human
serum albumin (HSA). FCNTs are known for their high drug-loading capacity and stability, while biocompatible carriers
like HSA and chitosan are favored for their biodegradability and reduced toxicity. Case studies involving anticancer drugs,
including Doxorubicin (DOX), Gemcitabine (GEM), and Paclitaxel (PTX), showcase how MD simulations can improve
drug solubility and optimize controlled release mechanisms. Although the computational complexity of these simulations
presents challenges, advances in high-performance computing and machine learning techniques are driving significant
progress. These innovations are facilitating the development of more targeted and efficient cancer therapies. By combining
MD simulations with experimental validation, researchers are enhancing predictive models and accelerating the creation of
next-generation drug delivery systems
Kur'ân-ı Kerim'de heva kavramı ve fert ve toplum hayatındaki yeri
No full textBu çalışma, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in önemle üzerinde durduğu ve ferdin ve toplumun muzdarip olduğu psikolojik hastalıkların temelinde gördüğü hevâ-yı nefs'i tanımayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, bundan kurtuluş ve selâmetin yolunun ancak Allah Teâlâ'nın Kitabı'nın rehberliğine sarılmakla mümkün olduğuna vurgu yapmaktadır. Çalışma, şu ilmî sorunsaldan hareket etmektedir: Kur'ân-ı Kerîm hevâ kavramını nasıl tasvir etmiştir? Bu kavramın insan davranışına yansımaları nelerdir? Ve onu tedavi etmek ve ondan korunmak için Kur'ân'ın sunduğu yöntemler nelerdir? Konu, Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in hevâ-yı nefs'e olan ilgisi, ona uymaktan sakındırması ve onun fert ve toplum üzerindeki etkilerini açıklaması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma, hevâ lafzının Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'de geçtiği farklı yerleri takip ederek, bu yerleri bağlamıyla ilişkilendirme ve müfessirlerin görüşleri ışığında tahlil etme, ayrıca hevâ'nın bireylerin ve toplumların hayatındaki etkisini somutlaştıran Kur'ânî örnekleri çıkarma yoluyla yürütülen betimleyici-analitik yönteme dayanmaktadır. Çalışma, hevâ lafzının geçtiği bağlamları, bu hitapların yöneltildiği tarafları, hevâya tabi olmanın sebeplerini – dünya sevgisi, kibir ve cehalet gibi – tespit etmeye odaklanmıştır. Aynı zamanda Kur'ân'ın hevâya karşı korunma yolları olarak gösterdiği nefsin tezkiyesi, iradenin kontrolü ve vahyin rehberliğine yönelme gibi yöntemleri de ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, çalışma hevâ'nın bireyin davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini – bâtılda ısrar, hakkı yalanlama, nifak ve zulme dalma – ortaya koymuş; bununla birlikte toplumun yapısına etkisini – değerlerin çözülmesi, medeniyetin yıkılması, heybetin kaybı, fitnelere batma ve Allah'ın rahmetinden uzaklaşma – da gözler önüne sermiştir. Çalışma, hevâ'nın Kur'ân-ı Kerîm'in işlediği merkezî olumsuz kavramlardan biri olduğunu; onu birey ve toplumun selâmeti açısından varoluşsal bir tehlike olarak değerlendirdiğini ve dolayısıyla onun farkına varılması, onunla mücadele edilmesi ve nefsin ilâhî metoda tabi kılınarak tezkiye edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna ulaşmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tefsir, hevâ, nefs, etkiler, fert, toplum.This study aims to explore the concept of haw? as addressed in the Qur'an, where it is treated as a foundational cause of psychological and moral disorders that afflict both individuals and societies. The study emphasizes that salvation from haw? can only be achieved by adhering to the guidance offered by the Book of Allah. The research arises from the central question: How does the Qur'an depict the concept of haw?, what are its reflections on human behavior, and what are the Qur'anic methods proposed for its treatment and prevention? The significance of this topic lies in the Qur'anic emphasis on the dangers of haw?, its warnings against following it, and the clarification of its detrimental effects on both individuals and communities. The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach by tracing the term haw? across its various occurrences in the Qur'an, analyzing its use within its surrounding context, and interpreting it in light of classical exegetical opinions. The study further derives Qur'anic examples that illustrate the influence of haw? in the lives of individuals and nations. It focuses on analyzing the contexts in which the term haw? appears, identifying the audiences addressed, and uncovering the causes that lead to its pursuit—such as ?ubb al-duny? (love of the world), kibr (arrogance), and jahl (ignorance). The study also highlights the means presented in the Qur'an for protection against haw?, including tazkiyat al-nafs, the regulation of willpower, and guidance through wa?y (revelation). Additionally, the study presents the effects of haw? on individual behavior, such as insistence upon falsehood, rejection of truth, indulgence in hypocrisy, and engagement in injustice. It also discusses its societal impact, including the collapse of moral values, the destruction of civilization, the loss of dignity, immersion in tribulations, and alienation from divine mercy. The study concludes that haw? represents one of the central negative concepts addressed in the Qur'anic discourse—regarded as an existential threat to the integrity of both the individual and society. This reality necessitates conscious awareness of haw?, striving against it, and the pursuit of tazkiyat al-nafs in accordance with the divine method. Keywords: Tafsir, haw?, nafs, effects, individual, society
Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Predicting Biocompatibility in Tissue Scaffold Images
No full textMotivation: Bioprinting enables the creation of complex tissue scaffolds, which are vital for tissue engineering.
However, predicting scaffold biocompatibility before fabrication remains a critical challenge, potentially leading
to inefficiencies and resource wastage. Artificial Intelligence (AI) models, particularly Artificial Neural Networks
(ANNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), offer promising predictive capabilities to address this issue.
This study aims to compare the performance of ANN and CNN models to identify the most suitable approach for
predicting scaffold biocompatibility using PrusaSlicer-generated designs.
Description: Fifteen key design parameters influencing scaffold biocompatibility were modelled using ANN, while
scaffold images were analyzed using CNN. PrusaSlicer was employed in designing scaffolds, with parameters
influencing biocompatibility predictions. ANN models analyzed these parameters, while CNN models processed
scaffold images. Data was standardized, and models were trained on an 80/20 split dataset. Performance evaluation
metrics included accuracy, precision, recall, F1-Scores, and confusion matrices. Experimental validation
involved biocompatibility tests on five scaffolds.
Results: ANN model with 20 neurons and 100 epochs earned perfect (1.0) scores in F1-Score, Precision, and
Recall, indicating the best possible model performance. A batch size of 56 for the Convolutional Neural Network
model demonstrated balance in F1-Score (0.87), Precision (0.88), and Recall (0.9). Five scaffold tissues were
tested for biocompatibility using these two models. ANN model predicted 5 scaffold tissues’ biocompatibilities
correctly. While the ANN model accurately predicted biocompatibilities for all five scaffold samples, the CNN
model misclassified one sample.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ANN models are superior to CNN models in predicting scaffold
biocompatibility from numerical design parameters. The findings underscore the value of ANNs for structured
data in bioprinting, enhancing prediction accuracy and efficiency. These insights can accelerate advancements in
tissue engineering and personalized medicine by reducing costs and improving success rates in bioprinting applications.
Future work will focus on addressing overfitting challenges and optimizing the models to further
enhance their robustness and predictive capabilities
İrlanda’nın Kültürel ve Mimari Mirası Saz Çatılar
No full textYerel kimliğin güçlü bir ifadesi olan saz çatılı evlerin İrlanda’nın kültürel ve mimari mirasının önemli bir parçası olduğunu anlatan Rümeysa Çılğasıt ve Uğur Özcan, geçmişin geleneksel yapım bilgisini yaşatan saz çatıların bugünün mimari estetik anlayışına katkıda bulunduğunu belirtiyor
Gelenekselden Güncele, Temsil Kullanımında Araç-Amaç Ayrışması
No full textMimarlık yıllar içinde önemli değişimlere uğramıştır, ancak bu değişimler
her zaman mesleki tartışmalara yansımamıştır. Mimarlıkta yenilik ve
ilerleme görelilik içerse de mimara atfedilen semantik rollerdeki dönüşüm
genellikle fark edilmez. Bu çalışma, mimarlığın disiplinler arası bir yapıdan
uzmanlaşmış bir disipline dönüşümünü analiz ederek yeni bir tartışma
alanı açmaktadır. Mimarlıkta temsil, gelişmeye devam eden daha odaklı ve
uzmanlaşmış bir uygulamaya yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, mimari temsili
‘çizim’ kapsamıyla sınırlandırmış ve alan içinde mimari çizimin yarattığı
değişimleri ve dönüşümleri incelemiştir. Derinlemesine bir literatür
taraması yoluyla, çalışma 5. yüzyıldan 21. yüzyıla kadar mimarlığın
temsilindeki temel kırılma noktalarını belirleyerek araç-amaç ayrımını
vurgulamaktadır. Bu kırılma noktaları, zaman içinde mimarlıktaki anlam
değişimlerine karşılık gelmektedir. Çalışmanın sonucunda oluşturulan
sentez grafiği, mimarlık ve temsil arasındaki ilişkide anlam krizinin
yansımasını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, mimarlık
temsilinde mimarlığın salt inşaat faaliyetleriyle eş anlamlılığını ortadan
kaldırarak, araç-amaç ayrımının tartışılmasına yeni bir zemin oluşturarak
mimarlık pratiğinin gelişimine ve ilerlemesine önemli bir katkı
sunmaktadır.Architecture has undergone significant changes over the years, yet these changes are not always reflected in professional discussions. While innovation and progress in architecture involve relativity, the transformation in the semantic roles attributed to the architect often goes unnoticed. This study opens a new field of discussion by analysing the transformation of architecture from an interdisciplinary structure to a specialized discipline. In architecture, representation has led to a more focused and specialized practice that continues to evolve. This study limits architectural representation to the scope of ‘drawing’ and examined the changes and transformations created by architectural drawing within the field. Through an in-depth literature review, the study identifies key breaking points in the representation of architecture from the 5th to the 21st centuries, highlighting means-end distinction. These breaking points correspond to shifts in meaning in architecture over time. The synthesis graphic created as a result of the study reveals the projection of the meaning crisis in the relationship between architecture and representation. In this context, the study significantly contributes to the development and progress of architectural practice by creating a new basis for discussing the means-end distinction, thus eliminating the synonymy of architecture with mere construction activities in architectural representation
Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Black Elderberry Extract as Potential TMPRSS2 Inhibitors: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral Therapeutics
No full textThis study investigates the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from
black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) (BE) extract. A primary focus is their inhibitory effect on Transmembrane
Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a host enzyme that facilitates viral entry, including that of SARS-CoV-2. BE_AgNPs
were synthesized using elderberry extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent and characterized through UV-Vis
spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction
(XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). Antibacterial activity was
tested against Escherichia coli, cytotoxicity was assessed using XTT assays on L929 cells, and TMPRSS2 inhibition
was evaluated via a fluorometric enzyme assay. The synthesized BE_AgNPs exhibited a mean particle size of
17.62 ± 4.91 nm and showed potent antibacterial activity with a 23.11 ± 0.35 mm inhibition zone. XTT assays
confirmed > 80 % cell viability across all tested concentrations. In TMPRSS2 inhibition assays, BE_AgNPs
demonstrated dose-dependent activity, reaching 46.88 % inhibition at 100 μg/mL. Although less potent than the
positive control Camostat, BE_AgNPs likely inhibit TMPRSS2 via non-covalent interactions. The findings indicate
that green-synthesized BE_AgNPs are multifunctional nanomaterials with potential therapeutic applications in
the treatment of viral infections and secondary bacterial complications
A Metaheuristic and Neural Network-Based Framework for Automated Software Test Oracles Under Limited Test Data Conditions
No full textWith the growing complexity of modern software systems, the demand for effective and efficient testing techniques has
become an important aspect of the software development process. Software Test Oracles (STOs) play a vital role in testing
by determining whether a program behaves as expected for a given input. This study introduces a novel automated STO
framework that utilizes metaheuristic algorithms and ML techniques to enhance testing precision and reduce the testing
cost. The proposed approach begins with generating coverage-based test data using a hybrid of the Imperialist Competitive
Algorithm (ICA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The initial test data is optimized using Hamming distance to address
redundant test data and improve efficiency. This reduced dataset is used to train a multi-layer perceptron and to create an
STO that accurately predicts the software under test’s expected output. The oracle was validated using both original and
mutant versions of standard benchmark programs. Additionally, an automated platform has been developed to support
Oracle creation, test case generation, and validation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed STO attains high
accuracy (96.70%) and recall (98.63%), highlighting its effectiveness when a limited quantity of test data is available
Classical Turkish literature and Eastern Islamic sources in the post-2000 Turkish novel
No full textBu çalışmada 2000-2025 yılları arasında Türk romanında görülen Klasik Türk Edebiyatı ve Doğu-İslâm kaynaklarının kullanımı, çeşitli kuram ve terimlerin ışığında ortaya konulmuştur. İlk bölümde romana dair kuramsal çerçeve, tarihî seyir ve 2000 sonrası Türk romanını etkileyen siyasî ve sosyal değişimlerin üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bölüm ayrıca "popüler kültür" ve "sosyal medya" etkisiyle değişen yazın hayatına dair de bilgiler vermektedir. Bölümün sonunda çalışmanın örneklem dönemini oluşturan 2000 sonrası Türk romanının genel çerçevesi ortaya konularak ele alınacak konunun idrakinde önemli bir yere sahip olan tarihî arka plan tamamlanmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise çalışmanın kastettiği kaynağın ne olduğunun anlaşılması amacıyla kaynağa dair bilgilendirmede bulunulmuştur. Türkistan (Orta Asya Türk) tarihinden başlanarak Osmanlı'da kültür ve edebiyat sahasını oluşturan temel değer ve kaynakların tespitine çalışılmıştır. Burada romanlarda aranılacak kaynağın ne olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu tespitlerin ışığında üçüncü bölümde "Dil Malzemesi", "Sosyal Hayat Tezahürleri", "Din ve Dinî Terminoloji", "Tarih, Mitoloji, Destan, Efsane, Anlatı" ve "Güzel Sanatlar" başlıkları altında Klasik Türk Edebiyatı'nın kaynakları romanlardan örneklerle ortaya konulmuştur. Verilerin ortaya konulmasıyla beraber çalışmanın hipotezlerinden birini oluşturan "Klasik Türk Edebiyatı ve Doğu- İslâm kaynaklarının kullanımı romanda ne yaptı?" sorusunun cevabı son bölümde self- oryantalizm ve oksidentalizm çerçevesinde aranmıştır.In this study, the use of Classical Turkish Literature and Eastern-Islamic sources in the Turkish novel between 2000 and 2025 is presented in the light of various theories and terms. In the first part, the theoretical framework of the novel, the historical course and the political and social changes affecting the Turkish novel after 2000 are emphasized. This chapter also provides information about the changing literary life under the influence of "popular culture" and "social media". At the end of the chapter, the general framework of the post-2000 Turkish novel, which constitutes the sample period of the thesis, is presented and the historical background, which has an important place in the realization of the subject to be discussed, is completed. In the second chapter, information about the source was given in order to understand what the source meant by the thesis is. Starting from Central Asian Turkish history, the main values and sources that constitute the field of culture and literature in the Ottoman Empire have been identified. Here, it is also determined what the source to be sought in novels is. In the light of all these determinations, in the third chapter, the sources of Classical Turkish Literature under the headings of "Language Material", "Manifestations of Social Life", "Religion and Religious Terminology", "History, Mythology, Epic, Legend, Narrative" and "Fine Arts" were revealed with examples from novels. With the presentation of the data, the answer to the question "What did Classical Turkish Literature and the use of Eastern-Islamic sources do in the novel?", which constitutes one of the hypotheses of the thesis, is sought in the last chapter within the framework of self-orientalism and occidentalism