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القضايا الفقهية المعاصرة المتعلقة بالأحوال الشخصية في لصومال
No full textيتناول هذا البحث موضوعًا يتعلق بالقضايا المعاصرة الخاصة بالأحوال الشخصية في الصومال من منظور فقهي، مع التركيز على تحليل الأنظمة القانونية السائدة في البلاد مقارنة بالشريعة الإسلامية. كما يشير البحث إلى الوضع الاجتماعي والتاريخي في الصومال، مستعرضًا تأثيرات الحروب الاستعمارية وما بعدها على الحياة الزوجية والعلاقات الأسرية. ويتطرق البحث إلى عدة محاور، بما في ذلك: كيفية المقارنة بين أحكام الزواج والطلاق في القانون الصومالي وقانون ولاية بونتلاند، ومدى توافق هذه الأحكام مع الشريعة الإسلامية. وأيضًا تم طرح الدراسة عن الزواج ومقدماته في الصومال، مع التركيز على انتشار الزيجات الفاسدة وسبل الوقاية منها بناءً على آراء علماء الصومال. وتداعيات التعصب القبلي على الحياة الزوجية وارتفاع معدلات الطلاق، وتحليل هذه الظاهرة من خلال فتاوى وآراء الفقهاء. كما يستهدف البحث تقديم رؤية حول أهمية العودة إلى الشريعة الإسلامية في حل القضايا المعاصرة المتعلقة بالأحوال الشخصية، وأن الحلول الفعالة تكمن في تطبيقها في المجتمع. تهدف هذه الرسالة إلى إبراز تأثير النظام الجمهوري على التشريعات المستمدة من الاستعمار، وتسليط الضوء على أن العودة إلى الشريعة الإسلامية في وضع الأحكام والقوانين كانت الخيار الأنسب. فالدين الإسلامي هو دين شامل وصالح لكل زمان ومكان، وقادر على التعامل مع جميع القضايا المعاصرة. تركز هذه الدراسة على استكشاف دور القانون العرفي الصومالي المعروف بـ "الحير" في المجتمع الصومالي، من حيث نطاق تطبيقه، ومستوى نفوذه بين أفراد المجتمع. كما تتناول الدراسة مدى توافق أحكام "الحير" مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية، لا سيما في القضايا المتعلقة بالأحوال الشخصية، مع تحليل الجوانب التي قد تتعارض فيها بعض تطبيقاته مع المبادئ الشرعية. ومن أهم مصادر الدراسة : كتب المذهب الشافعي في الدرجة الأولى لكونه المذهب المعتمد لدى الشعب الصومالي، ومن هذه الكتب الشافعية كتاب منهاج الطالبين للنووي، وكتاب روضة الطالبين وعمدة المفتين للنووي، أيضا كتاب تحفة المحتاج في شرح المنهاج لابن حجر الهيثمي وهناك مصادر أخرى : قانون الأحوال الشخصية في الصومال الذي تم إصداره 1975 باللغة العربية قانون الأحوال الشخصية في الصومال باللغة الصومالية كتاب الأحوال الشخصية في الصومال ما قبل الاستعمار للكاتب أحمد علي برالي وكذا من المصادر أقوال الفقهاء والعلماء والشيوخ المحلية مراعاة لتوثيق آرائهم عن هذه المواضيع .This research addresses a contemporary issue related to personal status matters in Somalia from a jurisprudential perspective, with a focus on analyzing the prevailing legal systems in the country in comparison to Islamic Sharia. The study also highlights the social and historical context in Somalia, reviewing the impact of colonial wars and their aftermath on marital life and family relations. The research covers several key themes, including: A comparison between the rulings on marriage and divorce in Somali law and the law of the Puntland State, and the extent to which these rulings align with Islamic Sharia. A study of marriage and its preliminaries in Somalia, with particular attention to the spread of invalid marriages and preventive measures based on the views of Somali scholars. The consequences of tribalism on marital life and the rising divorce rates, analyzing this phenomenon through fatwas and scholarly opinions. The research aims to present a vision emphasizing the importance of returning to Islamic Sharia in addressing contemporary personal status issues, asserting that effective solutions lie in its application within society. This thesis seeks to highlight the impact of the republican system on legislation derived from colonial rule and emphasizes that returning to Islamic Sharia in the formulation of laws and rulings is the most suitable option. Islam is a comprehensive religion, valid for all times and places, and capable of addressing all contemporary issues. The study focuses on exploring the role of Somali customary law known as "Xeer" in Somali society, in terms of its scope of application and the level of influence it holds among community members. The study also examines the extent to which the rulings of "Xeer" conform with Islamic Sharia, particularly in matters related to personal status, while analyzing the aspects in which some of its applications may conflict with Sharia principles
A Multiband Textile-Based Metamaterial Absorber for WiMAX and WLAN Applications
No full textIn this paper, a multi-band textile-based absorber
design for WiMAX and WLAN bands is presented. The proposed
absorber demonstrates an absorption spectrum of over 0.99 at
2.452 GHz, 3.504 GHz, and 5.264 GHz, as well as 0.80 absorption
at 5.624 GHz. It also offers minimal cross-polarized impact on
the frequencies of interest. All numerical analyses and designs
were conducted using CST Studio Suite. This proposed structure
is a good candidate for applications such as EMI/EMC,
WiMAX/WLAN, and electromagnetic shielding
The Historical Semantics of Dramatic Genres: How Were the Terms “Facia” and “Hāile” Used in Ottoman Turkish?
No full textOsmanlı İmparatorluğu Batılı tiyatroyla 19. yüzyılda tanıştı. Buna paralel olarak yazılı kaynaklarda tiyatroya özgü
terimlerin Türkçe karşılıkları boy göstermeye başladı. Bu bağlamda facia ve hâile, Osmanlı dramatik edebiyatında en
çok kullanılan terimlerdi. Söz konusu iki terim, Cumhuriyet’ten sonra Dil Devrimi’ni takip eden süreçte yavaş yavaş
kullanımdan düştü. Bu sebeple, geçmiş tiyatro ve dramatik edebiyat birikimini anlamlandırmak, artık sadece tarihsel
metinlerde karşımıza çıkan facia ve hâile terimlerinin anlamlandırılmasıyla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Ne var ki güncel
başvuru kaynaklarında bu iki terimin anlamlandırılmasına dair, yani Osmanlı Türkçesinde hangisinin dram hangisinin
tragedya anlamında kullanıldığı konusunda yaygın hatalar, çelişkili açıklamalar ve yorumlar bulunmaktadır. Bu
noktadan hareketle makale, doğrudan doğruya birincil kaynaklara, 1870’lerden 1920’lere dek yayınlanan bazı önemli
metinlerin tanıklığına başvurarak facia ve hâile terimlerinin Osmanlı Türkçesinde hangi anlamlarda kullanıldığını
ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.The Ottoman society was acquainted with theater in the Western sense in the 19th century. Concurrently, Turkish
equivalents of dramaturgical terms began to appear in written sources. In this context, facia and hāile were the
most frequently used concepts in the Ottoman dramatic literature. The concepts in question gradually fell out of
use and became obsolete in the Early Republican Period, particularly following the Language Reform. Thus, to make
sense of the theatrical and dramatic heritage, one needs to thoroughly understand the terms facia and hāile, which
are now found solely in historical texts. Nevertheless, an analysis of available reference works reveals a number of
commonly-held errors as well as contradictory explanations and remarks concerning the semantics of these two
terms, i.e., which one was used in the sense of drama and which one in the sense of tragedy in Ottoman Turkish.
Hence, the present study attempts to elucidate the meanings of the terms facia and hāile in Ottoman Turkish
with direct reference to primary sources, that is, as attested by some important texts published from the 1870s to
the 1920s
Dual‑Functionality of Hibiscus Sabdariffa‑CuO Nanoparticles in Chemotherapy and Textile Screen‑Printing on Cellulose‑Based Textiles
Get PDFThe dual-functional nanostructures show
great promise for biomedical applications, exhibiting
selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells while
also serving as a crucial component in textile screenprinting
for smart materials. In this study, we successfully
synthesized polyethylene glycol-hibiscus extract
copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (PEG/HS/CuO NPs)
using a simple one-step sonosynthesis method that
leverages ultrasonic irradiation. Comprehensive characterization
of the synthesized PEG/HS/CuO NPs was
performed using transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR). The incorporation of PEG/
HS/CuO NPs into guar gum photochromic solution
(GP) caused a significant color change after 6 ± 1 min
of UV light exposure and resulted in visible coloration
on cellulose-based textiles after screen printing,
providing an alternative strategy for smart fabrics.
Moreover, cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated the
selective toxicity of green PEG/HS/CuO NPs against
cancer cells. In this study, the human colon cancer
cell line HCT116, breast cancer cell line MCF-7,
and normal HUVEC cells were examined. PEG/HS/
CuO NPs NPs induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest,
and down-regulation of CD44 antibody expression in
MCF-7 cells, highlighting their potential as effective
chemotherapy agents
Ottoman Bedouin policy (1840–1918): Al-Jazirah belt
No full textBu araştırma, Osmanlı Devleti'nin, 1840-1918 yılları arasında El-Cezire Havzası'nda (Dicle ile Fırat nehirlerinin çevresini kapsayan alan) yaşayan Bedevî gruplara yönelik uyguladığı politikaları ele almaktadır. Zira Tanzimat dönemiyle birlikte ivme kazanan modernleşme, merkezîleşme ve standartlaşma çabaları, Osmanlı idarecilerinin Arap coğrafyasının çeşitli çöl bölgelerindeki Bedevî gruplara yönelik tasavvurlarını ve uygulamalarını yeniden şekillendirmişti. Bu bağlamda, Osmanlı bürokrasisinde Bedevîler, sosyopolitik açıdan istisnai ve anormal bir statünün, medeniyet perspektifinden ise geri kalmış bir yaşam biçiminin temsilcileri olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Zamanla kurumsallaşan bu algı, Osmanlı idarecilerinin, Eşkıyâ-yı Urbân ve Aşâir-i Vahşiye kavramları çerçevesinde Bedevîleri hem güvenlik tehdidi hem de medenileştirilmesi gereken gruplar olarak tanımlamalarına neden olmuştur. Bu tanımlamaların etkisinde oluşan söylemlerde Bedevîler, istikrarsızlık yaratan, toplumsal gelişime ve ekonomik kalkınmaya engel olan topluluklar olarak tasvir edilmiştir. Buradan hareketle, Bedevî grupların oluşturdukları tehditleri ortadan kaldırmak ve Bedevî yaşam biçimini bitirmek amacıyla çeşitli askerî, idari, kültürel ve hukuki politikalar uygulanmıştır. Bu politikalar, Osmanlı Devleti'nin çöl bölgelerindeki kontrolünü artırmayı ve Bedevî grupları devlet düzenine entegre etmeyi hedeflemiştir. Devletin sınırlı kaynakları ve Bedevî toplulukların direnişine rağmen, Tanzimat'tan başlanarak II. Abdülhamid ve II. Meşrutiyet dönemlerinde farklı yöntemlerle uygulanan bu politikalar, Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında devletin önceliklerinin değişmesine rağmen sürdürülmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada söz konusu Osmanlı Bedevî politikaları, çeşitli Osmanlı kaynakları kullanılarak, merkez-çevre ilişkisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, -Tarihsel- Süreç Takibi (-Historical- Process Tracing) ve Metne Dayalı Söylem Analizi (Textually-Oriented Discourse Analysis) yöntemleri kullanılmış, böylece Bedevîlere yönelik uygulamaların kontrol ve entegrasyon boyutları ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Osmanlı Bedevî Politikası, El-Cezire Havzası, Eşkıyâ-yı Urbân, Aşâir-i Vahşiye, Kontrol Politikaları, Entegrasyon Politikaları.This research explores the Ottoman Empire's policies toward Bedouin groups in Al-Jazirah Belt (The region surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) between 1840 and 1918. The modernization, centralization, and standardization efforts that gained momentum during the Tanzimat era reshaped Ottoman administrators' perceptions and practices toward Bedouin groups in the desert regions of the Arab provinces. Consequently, the Ottoman bureaucracy regarded the Bedouins as representatives of an anomalous sociopolitical status, while their nomadic way of life was perceived as backward from a civilizational standpoint. Over time, this perception became institutionalized, leading Ottoman administrators to label Bedouin groups using terms such as Eşkıyâ-yı Urbân (Bedouin Bandits) and Aşâir-i Vahşiye (Savage Tribes), portraying them simultaneously as a security threat and as communities requiring civilizational reform. Within these discourses, Bedouins were framed as sources of unrest and barriers to societal progress and economic development. Based on this perspective, various military, administrative, cultural, and legal policies were formulated to eliminate Bedouins' perceived threats and eradicate the Bedouin nomadic lifestyle. These policies aimed to strengthen the Ottoman Empire's control over desert regions and integrate Bedouin communities into the Ottoman administrative framework. These policies, initiated during the Tanzimat era, were pursued through the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II and the Second Constitutional Era, despite the state's limited resources and the resistance of Bedouin groups, and maintained even as the shifting priorities caused by World War I. This research examines Ottoman Bedouin policies within the framework of center-periphery relations, relying primarily on Ottoman archival documents. Employing the methods of -Historical- Process Tracing and Textually-Oriented Discourse Analysis, it seeks to uncover the mechanisms of control and integration within Ottoman Bedouin policies. Keywords: Ottoman Bedouin Policy, Al-Jazirah Belt, Eşkıyâ-yı Urbân, Aşâir-i Vahşiye, Control Policies, Integration Policies
The Thematic Vocabulary of the Nouns in Masdar-nāme-yi Turkī
No full textHindistan, Afganistan, Pakistan ve Bangladeş’in büyük bir kısmını kapsayan
sınırlarıyla kısa zamanda büyüyen Bâbürlü Devletinin Farsça, Arapça, Hintçe, Urduca
gibi çeşitli dillerin konuşulduğu kozmopolit bir yapısı vardır. Arapça din dili olarak
gücünü korurken 16. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren Farsça, Bâbürlü Devletinde yönetim,
kültür ve güç aracı haline gelmiştir. Devletin kurucusu Bâbür Şah’ın (H. 888/M. 1483- H.
937/ M. 1530) resmî dil tayin ettiği Çağatay Türkçesi yalnızca saray erkânının ve ordunun
bildiği yerel dile dönüşmüştür. Bu sebeplerle saray erkânı ve yöneticiler ata dillerinin
öğrenilmesi ve korunması için Türkçe dersleri almışlar, Çağatay Türkçesini öğreten
sözlük ve gramer kitaplarının yazılmasını teşvik etmişlerdir. Bunlardan biri Mîr Îsâoğlu
Hâcı Şâşî’nin I. Bahadır Şah’ın emriyle H. 1090/ M. 1679 yılında yazdığı Masdarnāme-
yi Türkī’dir. Çağatay Türkçesi-Farsça olarak iki dilli hazırlanan ve sözlük-gramer
niteliği taşıyan eserde isimler sıralanırken kısmi olarak tematik usulden faydalanılmıştır.
Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde Masdar-nāme-yi Türkī tanıtılmış; ikinci bölümünde
doküman analizi yapılarak eserdeki isimlerin tematik tasnifi ve içerik değerlendirilmesi
yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı eserin yazıldığı dönemin gündelik hayatına, kültürel
yapısına dair bilgiler içeren söz varlığına ve tematik yapısına dikkati çekmek, Bâbürlü Devleti zamanında yazılan sözlüklerin ortak söz varlığının tespit edilmesine ve bu
sözlüklerin tematik yönden karşılaştırılmasına yönelik araştırmalara, sözlükbilim-toplumsal
dilbilim çalışmalarına veri sunmaktır.The Mughal Empire, which rapidly expanded its borders to encompass much of
India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, possessed a cosmopolitan structure in
which a variety of languages - such as Persian, Arabic, Hindi, and Urdu were spoken.
While Arabic retained its authority as the language of religion, from the late 16th century
onward Persian became a key instrument of administration, culture, and power in
the Mughal Empire. Chagatai Turkish, which the founder of the empire, Babur Shah
(1483–1530) (AH 888-937), designated as the official language, gradually turned into
a vernacular known only by the court elite and the military. In an effort to preserve
their ancestral language, court officials and administrators promoted the teaching of
Turkish and supported the production of instructional materials such as grammars and
dictionaries. One of these is the Masdar-nāme-yi Turkī, written by Mîr Îsâoğlu Hâcı
Şâşî in 1090 AH / 1679 CE upon the order of Bahadur Shah I. Prepared bilingually in
Chaghatay Turkish and Persian, the work functions as both a dictionary and grammar,
and while listing nouns it partially employs a thematic method The first part of the
study introduces the Masdar-nāme-yi Turkī, while the second part provides a thematic
classification and content analysis of nouns in the work through document analysis.. The
aim of the study is to draw attention to the vocabulary and thematic structure of the work,
which provides information about the daily life and cultural contex of the period in which
the work was written, and to provide data for research on identifying the shared lexicon of
dictionaries compiled in the Mughal Empire, comparing these dictionaries thematically,
and for lexicoglogical and sociolinguistic studies
Machine Learning-Assisted Classification of Hip Conditions in Pediatric Cerebral Palsy Patients Using Migration Percentage Measurements
No full textHip displacement is a significant concern in children with cerebral palsy (CP), necessitating accurate and timely
assessment to prevent long-term complications. This study developed a support vector machine (SVM) model to
classify hip conditions using migration percentage (MP) measurements obtained from 176 hips across 88 anteroposterior
pelvic radiographs. MP values were categorized into three groups: normal (MP ≤ 30 %), risky (30 %
60 %). The SVM model was evaluated using stratified k-fold crossvalidation,
with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-scores as key metrics. Its classifications were compared to
manual evaluations performed by an orthopedic resident and a pediatric orthopedic surgeon. The model achieved
an overall accuracy of 92.898 %, surpassing the consistency and reliability of manual assessments,
particularly in identifying dislocated hips. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the
model's MP measurements and those of the clinicians, validating its effectiveness. This study highlights the
potential of SVM models to enhance diagnostic accuracy, reduce variability in evaluations, and support clinical
decision-making. Future research should expand the dataset and incorporate advanced machine learning models
to further improve diagnostic precision
A comparative analysis of early childhood education programs and practices in China and Turkey within the context of inclusion
No full textBu çalışma, kapsayıcı eğitim bağlamında Çin ve Türkiye okul öncesi eğitim programı ve uygulamalarını karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın okul öncesi eğitim programı kısmında Çin Okul Öncesi Eğitim Rehberi, Türkiye Güncel Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı ve Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli incelenmiştir. Kapsayıcı eğitimin uygulanmasında ise Çin ve Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerinde görev yapan 30 Çinli ve 30 Türk okul öncesi öğretmeninin görüşleri incelenmiştir. Karşılaştırmalı eğitim yöntemlerinden yatay yaklaşım kullanılan bu nitel çalışmada, okul öncesi eğitim programı incelemesinde doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Kapsayıcı eğitimin uygulanmasına ilişkin bölümde ise yapılandırılmış görüşme formu hazırlanmış ve veriler çevrimiçi olarak toplanmıştır. Veriler MaxQda yazılımına aktarılarak açık kodlama yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, Çin Okul Öncesi Eğitim Rehberi, Türkiye Güncel Okul Öncesi Eğitim Programı ve Türkiye Yüzyılı Maarif Modeli'nde en çok vurgulanan konular fırsat eşitliği sağlama ile aile, toplum ve okul iş birliği; en az değinilen konular ise programlara göre farklılık göstermektedir. Uygulamalara ilişkin bulgular incelendiğinde, Türkiye okul öncesi öğretmenlerin Çin okul öncesi öğretmenlerinden farklı olarak kendilerine ve dezavantajlı çocuklara yönelik destekleri yetersiz bulduğu ve düzenli, sistematik destek ihtiyacı hissettikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca Çin'de okul öncesi kurumlarındaki aile ve toplum iş birliği yüksek oranda gerçekleşirken, Türkiye'de ise bu oranın düşük olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.This study aims to compare preschool education curricula and practices in China and Turkey within the context of inclusive education. In the curriculum section, the Chinese Preschool Education Guidelines, the Current Turkish Preschool Education Program, and the Türkiye Century Maarif Model were examined. Regarding the implementation of inclusive education, the opinions of 30 Chinese and 30 Turkish preschool teachers working in various regions of China and Turkey were analyzed. Adopting a horizontal approach—one of the comparative education methods—this qualitative study employed document analysis for the examination of preschool education programs. For the section on the implementation of inclusive education, a structured interview form was developed and data were collected online. The collected data were analyzed through open coding using MaxQda software. According to the findings, the most emphasized themes in the Chinese Preschool Education Guidelines, the Current Turkish Preschool Education Program, and the Türkiye Century Maarif Model are the promotion of equal opportunities and the collaboration between family, community, and school. The least emphasized themes, however, vary depending on the program. When examining the findings related to practice, it was observed that Turkish preschool teachers, unlike their Chinese counterparts, perceive the support provided to themselves and to disadvantaged children as insufficient, expressing a need for more regular and systematic support. Moreover, while family and community collaboration in preschool institutions is found to be significantly high in China, it appears to be relatively low in Turkey
Writing Mathematics in Verse: Kitâb-ı Verdiyye and Its Mathematical Analysis
No full textİslam bilim tarihinde matematik ilimlerin öğretiminde nazım, yani ölçülü ve kafiyeli
şiirsel anlatım, didaktik amacıyla sıkça kullanılmıştır. İlk bakışta edebiyata ait gibi görünse
de nazım, ezberlemeyi kolaylaştırması nedeniyle aritmetik, geometri ve astronomi gibi
alanlarda öğretim aracı olarak tercih edilmiştir. Özellikle «urcûze» türündeki didaktik
şiirler, klasik dönemden itibaren geniş bir coğrafyada rağbet görmüştür. Bu eserlerin ezber
amacıyla çoğaltıldığı, hatta anlaşılması güç olanların şerhlerle açıklandığı görülmektedir.
Bu bağlamda, matematik eğitiminin iki aşamalı yapısı -ezber ve şerh- manzum eserlerin
öğretimdeki önemini açıkça ortaya koyar.
Bahâuddîn el-‘Âmilî’nin Hulâsat el-Hisâb adlı eserindeki cebir bölümünü manzum
olarak Osmanlı Türkçesine tercüme eden Sâlih b. Mehmed’in çalışması Kitâb-ı Verdiyye
Tercüme-i Cebr ve Mukābele-i Bahâiyye başlığını taşır. Bu eserin bilinen iki nüshası
mevcuttur: Biri Milli Kütüphane’de (A 2295/1), diğeri İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde (TY 6845) kayıtlıdır. Eserin bölümleri arasında hamdele, sebeb-i telif, ıstılahlar, altı cebir
meselesi, hâtime ve tarih düşürme yer alır. Verdiyye’ye dönemin üç önemli âlimi Mustafa
Sıdkı, Feyzullah Sermed ve Mustafa Harsovî takriz yazmıştır. Özellikle Feyzullah
Sermed’in övgü dolu manzumesi, eserin XVIII. yüzyıl sonlarında Osmanlı matematik
geleneğindeki değerini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kitâb-ı Verdiyye’nin
nüshalarını tanıtmak, eserin matematiksel içeriğini değerlendirmek ve tanımlar ile
cebirsel denklemler bölümlerinin tenkitli neşrini sunmaktır.In the history of Islamic science, verse—measured and rhymed poetic expression—
was frequently used for didactic purposes in the teaching of mathematical sciences.
Although it may initially seem to belong to the realm of literature, verse was preferred as
a teaching tool in fields such as arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy due to its facilitation
of memorization. Especially didactic poems of the “urjūza” type gained popularity
across a wide geography starting from the classical period. These works were often
reproduced for memorization purposes, and those that were difficult to understand were
clarified through commentaries. In this context, the two-stage structure of mathematical
education—memorization and commentary—clearly highlights the importance of poetic
works in instruction.
Sālih b. Mehmed’s work titled Kitāb-ı Verdiyye Tercüme-i Cebr ve Mukābele-i
Bahāiyye is a versified Ottoman Turkish translation of the algebra section from Bahā’
al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī’s Khulāṣat al-Ḥisāb. Two known manuscript copies of this work exist:
one is housed in the National Library (A 2295/1), and the other at Istanbul University (TY
6845). The work includes sections praise of God (ḥamdala), purpose of writing (sabab
al-ta’līf), terminology, six algebraic problems, a conclusion (khātima), and a poetic
dating of completion. Three prominent scholars of the period—Mustafa Sıdkı, Feyzullah
Sermed, and Mustafa Harsovī—wrote laudatory prefaces for Verdiyye. Particularly, the
poem of praise by Feyzullah Sermed illustrates the work’s significance in the Ottoman
mathematical tradition at the end of the 18th century.
The aim of this study is to introduce the existing manuscripts of Kitāb-ı Verdiyye,
evaluate its mathematical content, and present a critical edition of its sections on
definitions and algebraic equations
Tree-Based Ensemble Regression Models for Emission Prediction of a Winter Green Oil-Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Engine with Zeolite After-Treatment
No full textThis study presents an emission prediction framework for a dual-fuel compression-ignition engine operated on a
20 % winter green oil–diesel blend enriched with hydrogen and equipped with a zeolite-based after-treatment
system. Extra Trees, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and AdaBoost are
the tree-based ensemble regression models used to predict the emission parameters under limited data conditions.
The performance of the models was assessed through 5-fold cross-validation and a 20 % hold-out test
method using R-Squared (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute
Percentage Error (MAPE) as the evaluation metrics. Among the five tree-based regression models Extra
Trees Regressor performed better with highest R2 values in the range of 0.99966–0.99974 and the lowest error
metrics for all the emission parameters and demonstrates the outstanding robustness and generalization ability of
the model. The stronger consistency of extra trees across different test samples was demonstrated by absolute
error heatmaps, while the model’s accuracy was further validated by comparing actual and predicted values. The
study’s overall findings demonstrate the potential of tree-based ensemble learning, and extra trees in particular,
as a lightweight, accurate and reliable tool for real-time emission prediction in low-carbon dual-fuel systems