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Rousseau’s Social Contract Theory Against <Private Man>
Get PDFThe social contract theory is classified into two types: liberal and democratic. The first
type is the theory of Hobbes and Locke and is based on the concept of . The
latter is Rousseau’ theory based on the concept of . According to Rousseau,
is the negation of .
According to Rousseau, citoyen makes a civil society based on general will and not on
particular will. General will prioritizes amour-propre(self-love) over amour de soi(love of
self-interest). Here, Rousseau distinguishes self-preservation from self-interest.
Therefore, human beings survive by making social contact. This means that they live in
the society based on public interest and not private interest.
Also notable is the theoretical product of self-criticizing in European civilization. Rousseau
refers to the invasion of European people among
the Caribbeans, wherein he discovered the natural situation of human beings in the
Caribbean wherein they live in peace and pity.
I examine the historical meaning of the risks pertaining to Rousseau’s theory because
the Russian revolution seems to imitate the French revolution. Some ideas originate from
the risks pertaining to Rousseau’ theory.departmental bulletin pape
Study of Youth Suicidal Behavior Using an Internet Longitudinal Survey : Summary Statistics of the Survey
Get PDFIn contemporary Japan, the increase in youth suicide rate and youth nonstandard employment population is a social problem. Previous studies have shown that youth nonstandard employees（irregular staffs or nonstandard employees on fixed-term contracts）have more suicide
ideation than regular employees. Nonstandard employment has a serious impact on mental
health in young people. Nevertheless, this study is based on cross-sectional data. To insist that
nonstandard employment increases the risk of suicide in young people, a longitudinal survey
is warranted. This method allows researchers to accuracy understand the relationship between
nonstandard employment and suicidal behavior.
Accordingly, I investigated youth suicidal behavior（suicide ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt）using an internet longitudinal（panel）survey. The survey was conducted three times:
March 2019（wave 1）, November 2019（wave 2）, and March 2020（wave 3）. This paper presents the summary statistics of the survey. Analysis of the summary statistics revealed that the
dropout rate during surveys was 51.3％（wave 1→wave 2）, 25.9％（wave 2→wave 3）, and 63.9
％（wave 1→wave 3）. Previous studies have shown that the dropout rate of youth monitors is
very high. Our surveys also found similar results. The population distribution based on sex,
age, education level, employment status of our sample was similar to that of the Employment
Status Survey by the Statistics Bureau of Japan. The rate of suicide ideation（per year）was 8.0
％（wave 1）. This result is similar to the suicide ideation rate（7.5％）of the nationwide survey
by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfaredepartmental bulletin pape
Factors Affecting the Academic Performance and Graduation of University Students
Get PDFThis article investigated what factors affect studentʼs academic
performance and successful graduation within 4 years at the faculty of
economics of a medium-sized private university. Our faculty has been
conducting a relatively large-scale questionnaire to freshmen students since
2012. Based on each studentʼs answers to the questionnaire combined with
their official academic records, we made an analysis using random-forest
regression/classification techniques.
We have got the following propositions.
1. GPA in freshman year is affected by the academic ranking of the
high school each student graduated from, GPA in their high school
days, and whether their admission is based on recommendation or
not. In addition, studentʼs degree of motivation, which can be drawn
from their answers to the questionnaire, is also significant. However,
these factors can explain at most only 30% of the variation in GPA
in freshman year.
2. GPA in senior year deeply depends on GPA in freshman year. Both
are in a strong positive correlation (ρ=0.8). In addition, GPA in
studentʼs high school days still remains significant. These factors
explain more than 60% of the variation in GPA in senior year.
3. Prediction about which students will drop out becomes possible at
the end of the first semester in freshman year. Although the
accuracy of our simple model is around 45%, we hope it can be
improved by incorporating more explanatory variables into the
model.departmental bulletin pape
An Analysis of Curriculum and Materials Design in ESP for Tourism Courses in Japan and Thailand
Get PDFInbound tourism is a rapidly growing industry in Japan, with the number of foreign visitors to Japan increasing rapidly in the last few years. As the industry and
the revenue it creates grows, it follows that more students graduating from universities in Japan will find employment in tourism related industries. As a faculty that
attracts students looking to work in fields in which they can utilise their English
ability and intercultural understanding, the tourism industry will be a career path
for a significant number of students graduating from the Faculty of International
Studies and Liberal Arts of Momoyama Gakuin University. In order to better prepare students to find employment in this field, it is worth considering the viability
of incorporating English for specific purposes（ESP）classes focusing on tourism
to our current English language curriculum. However, deciding on suitable materials and educational approaches for ESP classes is not a simple matter. There are
many factors to consider such as the ability and interests of the students, the needs
of the industry, and the scope of the course. In this research paper, various examples of ESP for tourism materials and curriculum design from both Japan, and Thailand, a country with a thriving tourism industry, will be analysed, with the hope that they will be valid points of reference if such classes are to be offered at Momoyama Gakuin University in the future.departmental bulletin pape
Kubo Fumiaki, and Ryuichi Kanari, US Presidential Elections(Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 2020, p.242)
Get PDFdepartmental bulletin pape
Organization Ethics and Strategic Factors for CSR Management
Get PDFIn the modern era, under the slogan of “building a welfare society”, the
production and distribution of wealth through industrialization was
oriented and practiced. Industrialization is a social mechanism of mass
production, mass sale, and mass consumption through organized labor,
which organized factory-based machine production and mass labor, and
was accompanied with not only the “production and distribution of wealth”
but also the “production and distribution of risk”. As a concrete example,
we can raise pollution and global environmental problems, including health
hazards, but also the consequences of too much of a desire for “riches”.
Therefore, we are asked to take the results seriously, reflect deeply, and
take corrective action. It is called “Reflexive Modernization”.
Today, pollution and global environmental problems have triggered
“Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR), “Sustainability”, “the Triple Bottom
Line” (important value to be achieved; “economic value”, “environmental
value”, “social value”) and “Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)”, among
others, have become hot topics, and the response to “Reflexive
Modernization” is steadily taking root. And in such responses, what is
expected and focused on by society, among other things, would be
reflection on the management of the individual firms that have been
responsible for industrialization. In this regard, we have seen “CSR
Management”, “Business Ethics” or “Management Ethics”, “Sustainable
Management”, “ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) Management”,
“CSV (Creating Shared Values)”, and the latest “SDGs Management” have
been raised and addressed in both theory and practice.
However, it is hard to deny the reality that these concepts have become
“trendy” before their meanings, their backgrounds, and their ranges have
been sufficiently examined. CSR Management, Sustainable Management,
ESG Management, CSV, and SDGs Management represent the content and
direction of “Reflexive Modernization” at the company level, and “ Business
Ethics”, “Management Ethics” or “Organization Ethics” are the foundation
of this management. However, when asked if there is a theoretical and
systematic development of the distinction between the concepts and their
relation to the degree to which they are talked about, the answer would
have to be no.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the “relationship between
organization moral creation and organization ethics” as a strategic factor in
the actualization of CSR management on the basis of the distinction and
relationship between the concepts of ethics and morality, as well as the
above-mentioned concepts. For that purpose, as the basic thought
framework of this paper, I will first explain the necessity or background of
moral creation under the title of “Environment of Organization Moral
Creation” in section II, and then, in section III, I will discuss the distinction
between organization morality and organization ethics, their
interrelationships, and their dynamism. In IV, I will discuss the creation of
shared value, which builds on these and opens up possibilities for “the
dynamic organizing of responsibility”. And finally, these issues and
concepts are confirmed to be “strategic factors to the realization of CSR
management”.departmental bulletin pape
