Islam Universalia - International Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences
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Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Terrorism Action in Indonesia Between 2014-2018
Get PDFThe Islamic State of Iraq and Sham (ISIS) was declared in Syria in 2014 and then spread to Indonesia. ISIS in Indonesia then spread the understanding of violence and terrorism so then with that understanding ISIS in Indonesia committed many acts of terrorism against the government and the people of Indonesia. This research aims to find out the cause of the birth of terrorism groups, related to the terrorism movement in Indonesia and the movement of groups affiliated with ISIS in Indonesia from 2014-2018 since ISIS was declared in Syria in 2014, both those who committed acts of terrorism and only supported ISIS. This method of research is Kualitatif the method of providing more directed to descriptive. Qualitative research in this paper research takes two methods, namely document analysis taken from written material and the results of the discussion by making a conversation with various parties who know information related to the ISIS terrorism movement from 2014-2018. ISIS groups in Indonesia carried out acts of terror throughout 2014-2018 as many as 48 acts of terrorism. 22 acts of terror were committed against members and police stations because they were considered as enemies. In addition, the attack was aimed at houses of worship in the form of blasting churches and attacking public places and facilities with an explosion in Thamrin and the Malay bus station. This research serves as material for researchers who examine the terrorism movement of the ISIS group in Indonesia, researchers in the social field who study the ISIS social movement and its impact in Indonesia as well as researchers in the field of Islamic studies and Islamic thought which examines various kinds of Islamic thought. This research reveals new facts related to the ISIS organization in Indonesia, the ISIS organization movement in Indonesia and the acts of terrorism committed. changes in terrorist organizations and new patterns related to terrorist attacks and targets by ISIS Indonesia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4032974 
Effects of Capital and Type of Business on Coastal Muslim Women's Business Income in Aceh Province
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the influence of capital variables and type of business on the income of Muslim women living in coastal areas in Aceh Province. The population in this study is Coastal Women who do business in Aceh Province by selecting samples using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria that women who do business have a fishing husband, living on the coast in the districts of Nagan Raya, Lhokseumawe and Aceh Besar. Primary data were obtained from interviews and questionnaires with coastal women as many as 90 coastal women doing business. Whereas secondary data was obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), District Community Empowerment Agency (BPM) and the internet. The analysis first uses the validity and reliability test and then the hypothesis is tested using multiple regression tests to find out whether an independent variable influences the motivation of coastal women with a significance level of 5% which aims to see how the overall relationship between capital and type of business affects women's business income Muslims in Aceh Province. The results show the simultaneous influence of both Capital Variables (X1) and Type of business (X2) significantly influencing Muslim women's Business Income. Based on the regression coefficient of the Capital Variable (X1) and Business Type (X2) partially there is a positive and significant effect on the Coastal Muslim Women's Business Income in Aceh Province.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.367238
The Establishment and Administration of Maẓālim Court System in Sokoto Metropolis in the 19th Century
No full textThis paper studied the establishment and administration of Maẓālim Court system in Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th century. This was with a view to investigating the efforts and commitment of the founders of the Sokoto Caliphate to the administration of justice which was one of the central arguments of the leaders of the 1804 Sokoto Jihad against the Hausa aristocrats before the 19th century. The case in point – Maẓālim Court was the apex court in the Islamic judicial system, and open establishment of the Caliphate the leadership in justification of their commitment to justice established this court in Sokoto which was the seat of power of the Caliph. Using a qualitative methodology, the paper found that Maẓālim court was established and was operated by the Caliph in Sokoto during the 19th century. In addition, it was however discovered that the court was operated in Sokoto with three mandates: accepting and administering fresh judicial complaints; administering appeals from the lower courts, and operating an Ombudsman mandate. But its operation was not exclusively by the Caliph alone; rather it was operated in some instances by the Wullāt (representatives) of the Caliph as indicated in the text. Thus, this paper concluded that the establishment and administration of the Maẓālim court in Sokoto was a clear indication of the commitment of the founders of the 19th century Sokoto Caliphate to the administration of justice as a justification to their course of rising against the injustices of the former Hausa aristocrats
Jarimah Zina dan Pemerkosaan dalam Qanun Jinayat Aceh: Analisis Perumusan Metode Istinbath
Get PDFThis research is an attempt to find out and formulate the method of such used in drafting Qanun Jinayat Aceh in particular about Jarimah (crime) zina and rape. The research on the two networks is limited to three variants, namely definitions, actors, and ‘uqubat. The theory used is the method of such lughawiyah, ta'liliyah, and istislahiyah. The lughawiyah method is reasoning against the evidence by resting on the meaning of harfiyah pronunciation. While the ta'liliyah method is a reasoning method that refers to ' Illat. While the method of Istislahiyah is reasoning that refers to the benefit. The results of this research proved that the formulation of legal norms set in Qanun Jinayat Aceh, especially in the network of zina and rape and three variations can be accountable methodologically. Definition and adultery are formulated using ta'liliyah method with the approach ' Illat tasyri'i. While the ‘uqubat zina is formulated using the method of Lughawiyah with the meaning of mantuq or ibarat an-nash. Then the definition of rape is formulated using the method of Istislahiyah. Whereas rape perpetrators use Lughawiyah method with a mafhum mukhalafah approach. While ' uqubat rape uses the method of Istislahiyyah.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.367238
Model Komunikasi Pendidikan di Sosial Media Pada Era Perkembangan Teknologi
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is studying the educational communication model in this technological development era and Ki Hajar Dewantara's theory, so as to find a renewal study of educational communication in the era of technology based on Indonesian education. This research uses a library method or approach (library research), by collecting various data relevant to be carried out in journals, books and other related documents. From the analysis of several documents, explain that Ki Hajar Dewantara's educational theory adheres to some basic foundations of the philosophy of pragmatism and the theory of progressive education. From the two basic foundations, it will be linked to communication theory which is adapted from Osgood and Schraam's Circular theory. So, find the concept of communication of freedom of learning in the era of technological development.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.367238
Islamic Banking and Global Financial Crises: A Review of Liquidity Risk Management
Get PDFThe objective of this conceptual paper is to describe the resilience of Islamic banks during the 2008 and 2009 global financial meltdown. The growth of complex financial instruments which was aimed at spreading risk actually increased instability due to market fluctuations and speculative activities resulted to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Inadequate liquidity is the immediate cause of financial meltdown. The paper reviews the causes of liquidity risk in Islamic banks which is based on Shariah (Islamic Law) that prohibits charging of interest in business transactions. The study highlights the challenges of Islamic banks on liquidity in spite of its resilience during the crisis. Major causes of liquidity risk in Islamic banks were also discussed. The paper concludes with managerial and policy implications and the need to address the problem of managing liquidity risk in Islamic banks against possible future financial crisis.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.403380
Kriteria Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Islam Menurut Al-Ghazali
Get PDFThis research is a study of the thought of Al-Ghazali about Islamic education leadership criteria. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of Islamic education leadership criteria. This research applied library research. The results of this study are Al-Ghazali argued that the appointment of a leader is a syar'i obligation, not an aqli obligation. He emphasized the essence of Islam that Islam is a shari'a in the world and the hereafter. In addition, Al-Ghazali also argued that power was sacred because the people were obliged to follow all his orders. Power, according to Al-Ghazali, is mastering the hearts of the people. So that they can obey and respect all the rules that have been set.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.323646
The Management Strategies of Serambi Mekkah Boarding School Meulaboh-West Aceh in Producing Well Behaved Students
Get PDFIslamic boarding schools (pesantren) as an informal institution has developed quite rapidly since the independence of the Republic of Indonesia. These developments are not only on the physical side such as infrastructure development & facility addition but also in terms of the management system that is implemented. Along with the times, the inclusion of formal education institutions into the pesantren education system and the increasing number of students have made the pesantren management face new challenges greater than ever before in producing well-behaved students. Any strategy adopted by the pesantren management to solve the problem, it will have a direct impact on the quality of students and alumnus. Therefore without the right approach, the purpose of pesantren to producing well-behaved students will not be realized. This study was conducted to determine the managements strategies of Serambi Mekkah Boarding School Meulaboh-West Aceh in producing well-behaved students. This research is a field study. Data obtained from interviews, documents and direct observation to the Serambi Mekkah Boarding School. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti software which facilitates researchers in organizing data, and presents it in a visual form. The results of this study found that the strategy applied to produce well-behaved students is by providing role models (uswah), using practice & habituation methods, discipline, giving motivation & advice regularly, and giving reward & punishment. Hopefully, this research can enrich insight and can be used as a reference by educational institutions in producing well-behaved students.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3467635
 
Pendekatan Ma’rifah dan Maḥabbah dalam Proses Pembelajaran Aqidah Akhlak Madrasah Ibtidayah (MI)
Get PDFThis article concludes that the ma'rifah and mahabbah approach in the process of teaching and learning aqeedah morals Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) can construct ideas, ideas, thoughts and formulation of the concept of knowledge to God (ma'rifah) to the level of finding love (mahabbah) deep and eternal into deep recesses of the heart for human life. This study uses a library method or approach (library research), with data collection techniques by examining and exploring several journals, books, and other documents deemed relevant to the study. The ma'rifah approach can be carried out through the takhalli model, the tahalli model and the tajalli model, while the mahabbah approach is through the mahabbatul ‘worship model, the al-maḥabbah fillah model (love for God), and the aṭ-ṭabi’iyyah (natural love) model.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3467765
 
Da’wah Strategy through Google Search Engine Optimization
Get PDFThere is a lot of 'junk' on the internet today that spreads radicalism, terrorism, and pornography. Da'wah in this era of internet has a big challenge in society. Everyone can access the Internet quickly, and Google search engines play a significant role in providing information. Any information will appear in the search engine, whether it is positive or negative information, that's why the preachers need to use search engine optimization for da'wah purposes. Without the right strategies, da’wah through Google search engine optimization will not succeed. The objective of this study was to explain the da’wah strategy through Google search engine optimization. This research applied library research. The results showed that the da’wah strategy through Google search engine optimization are: focus on target audience, learn what audience needs, categorized keyword for SEO, SEO analysis on website, create mobile-friendly website, use targeted keywords in page titles, use infographics, use related keywords in content, link content to external sites with high domain authority, update old content periodically, increase site speed & improving user experience. The results of this study can be used as a guideline by the preachers, Islamic practitioners both individual and institutional, as well as the entire Muslim community who want to make da’wah through Google search engine optimization successfully.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236457