Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University: Open Journal Systems
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Axillobifemoral Bypass Graft: A Student Dissection Experience
Get PDFAs first-year medical students, we were excited, but nervous, to start the anatomy course. We were prepared to dedicate ourselves to the physical demands of dissection, and the hours of memorizing names and relations of countless anatomic features. We expected to leave the anatomy course with a comprehensive understanding of the human body that we would apply to our future studies and careers. We were not prepared, however, for the experience we had with our cadaver, Lucy.* Lucy was a small woman, but as we learned, she had endured a lot, physically and medically, in her 83 years of life. She had a pacemaker. She had coronary artery disease and a triple bypass procedure. She also had severe peripheral artery disease and had undergone at least one extraordinary surgical graft procedure to maintain blood flow into her lower extremities. The surprise of discovering a small piece of an axillobifemoral bypass graft and then continuing to uncover it, region by region, throughout the anatomy course, brought our dissection experience and our connection to Lucy to a more profound level than we could ever have anticipated.*The name Lucy was chosen as a pseudonym to protect the identity of the cadaver.
Awarded abstracts from 20th annual Julius Marmur Symposium
No full textVITAL ROLES OF KINESINS IN DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE IN ZEBRAFISH Philip D. Campbell. Mentor: Dr. Florence L. Marlow HOW THE BRAIN HANDLES SENSORY UNCERTAINTY Fanny Cazettes. Mentor: Dr. Jose L. Pena OPTICAL TOOLS TO STUDY THE ISOFORM-SPECIFIC ROLES OF SMALL GTPASES IN IMMUNE CELLS Veronika Miskolci. Mentor: Dr. Dianne Cox & Dr. Louis Hodgson NEUTROPHIL AGING IS REGULATED BY THE MICROBIOME Dachuan Zhang. Mentor: Dr. Paul S. Frenett
Axillobifemoral Bypass: A Brief Surgical and Historical Review
Get PDFPeripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when plaque accumulates in the arterial system and obstructs blood flow. Narrowing of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries due to atherosclerotic plaques restricts blood supply to the lower limbs. Clinically, the lower limb symptoms of PAD are intermittent claudication, discoloration of the toes, and skin ulcers, all due to arterial insufficiency. Surgical revascularization is the primary mode of treatment for patients with severe limb ischemia. The objective of the surgical procedure is to bypass a blockage in an occluded major vessel by constructing an alternate route for blood flow using an artificial graft. This article presents information on aortoiliac reconstruction, with an emphasis on axillobifemoral bypass grafting.
Origins and Applications of CRISPR-Mediated Genome Editing
No full textIn this graphical review we highlight key milestones in the discovery and development of CRISPR and cas9 technology, as well as illustrate mechanisms of cas9:sgRNA target binding and DNA repair
"Humors and Tumors": Production of Polypeptide Hormones by Non-Endocrine Neoplasms
No full textIncreased emphasis on the diagnosis and management of malignant disorders has given new impetus to the study of hormones produced by tumors. This is but one of a number of paraneoplastic syndromes characteristic of the malignant state. Widespread application of radioimmunoassays has suggested that hormone production by tumors may be more the rule than the exception. Various aspects of pathogenesis and documentation of ectopic hormone production are discussed, emphasizing the fact that small amounts of peptide hormones are made by many malignant and even normal cells. The malignant state somehow enhances the capacity of these cells to produce hormones. Three examples of ectopic hormone production by tumors are described, including those associated with hypercalcemia, Cushing's syndrome and the production of gonadotrophins
The Controversy Over Routine Neonatal Circumcision
No full textCircumcision is undoubtedly the most frequently performed operation on males in the United States today. Between 69% and 97% of American males and one-seventh of the world's males are circumcised, with a frequency of 70% in Australia, 48% in Canada, and 24% in the United Kingdom. Yet this procedure is distinctly uncommon in Northern Europe, Central and South America,and Asia (Kaplan, 1977; Speert, 1953).Within the last few decades the logic of routine neonatal circumcision has been challenged. The Committee on Fetus and Newborn of the American Academy of Pediatrics stated in 1971 that there are no valid medical indications for circumcision in the neonatal period. In 1975 the Committee reviewed the data and found no basis for changing this statement. Traditional, cultural, and religious factors all should play a part in the decision to circumcise, and the final decision of the parents should be one of informed consent (Committee, 1975). Nevertheless,the Committee did elaborate on their statement at a later date, stating that they did not advocate the abandonment of circumcision, but could define no "absolute medical indication for routine circumcision of thenewborn" (Committee, 1977).Other medical authorities have continued to advocate routine neonatal circumcision and the literature on both sides of the argument continues to increase. This paper shall investigate the indications for, benefits from, and complications of circumcision, in order that accurate informedconsent may be given
The Need for an Activist Cancer Prevention Policy in the Workplace: A Case-Study of Industrial Bladder Cancer
No full textAnecdotal reports of several cases of bladder cancer among a group of workers with a history of exposure to known bladder carcinogens at a chemical company in Bound Brook, New Jersey prompted a short-termstudy aimed at estimating the incidence of this disease. Refusal of the company to allow access to employment and exposure records effectively limited the authors' sources of data to records of employment maintained by the local union, medical documentation of bladder cancer In workers from the exposed group, public documents submitted by the company, and the workers themselves. Ten cases of bladder cancer arisingover a 10 year span (1970-1979) in an exposed population estimated at 250 to 400 people were confirmed, yielding an incidence of 250 to 400 cases per 100,000 people per year. This is 17 to 27 times greater than the incidence of bladder cancer in the general US population. The results are discussed within the limitations of the study. In addition, the authors briefly review the history of industrial bladder cancer, attemptsat primary prevention, and issues surrounding screening for bladder cancer in high risk populations
From Bio 101 to Pillars of Biology: A Pedagogical Experiment
Get PDFWithin the Department of Cell Biology at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, each student is required to present a research article of his or her choosing for the department journal club. As new students entering the Department, it was unclear to us (Sabrina Volpi and Sandeep Wontakal) whether there were any rules for choosing the papers we would pres- ent. Should the paper relate to work performed within the Department? Did the paper have to be published within the last year, or five years, or could we select a “classic” paper from the early 1900s? While pondering these questions, we realized we shared a great interest in reading the original “landmark” papers we had once learned about in our introductory biology courses, the papers that laid the foundation of what we know as biology today