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TECNOLOGÍA EN LA SUCESIÓN TESTAMENTARIA EN MÉXICO
Get PDFLos avances tecnológicos han permitido de alguna manera ahorrar tiempo, acortar distancias, facilitar las actividades del ser humano. La influencia de la tecnología en el ámbito del derecho no ha sido la excepción. En concreto se hará referencia sobre el uso de medios electrónicos que pueden emplearse para la realización de un testamento que puede ser otorgado de acuerdo con los supuestos establecidos por la ley, por lo tanto, puede hablarse de la existencia del testamento electrónico, el cual se encuentra regulado únicamente en la Ciudad de México en su correspondiente Código Civil del Distrito Federal. Y para poder determinar la viabilidad de dicho testamento se emplearon los siguientes métodos: el método analítico, mediante el cual se consideró como punto de partida lo relativo al derecho sucesorio, para ir desintegrando diferentes aspectos como las clases de sucesiones que existen, quienes son los sujetos dentro del derecho sucesorio, en cuanto a la sucesión testamentaria cuáles son las diferentes clases de testamentos que existen y en qué casos se aplica cada uno de ellos. Otro de los métodos que se empleó fue el método deductivo que partiendo de un conocimiento general respecto de las sucesiones se llegó al estudio de un conocimiento particular en este caso del testamento electrónico. Palabras clave: testamento; testamento electrónico; derechos digitales. RESUMO Os avanços tecnológicos permitiram de alguma forma economizar tempo, encurtar distâncias e facilitar as atividades humanas. A influência da tecnologia no campo do direito não foi exceção.Especificamente, será feita referência à utilização de meios eletrónicos que podem ser utilizados para a elaboração de um testamento que pode ser concedido de acordo com os pressupostos estabelecidos na lei, pelo que podemos falar da existência do testamento eletrónico, que é regulamentado apenas na Cidade do México em seu correspondente Código Civil do Distrito Federal.E para determinar a viabilidade do referido testamento, foram utilizados os seguintes métodos: o método analítico, através do qual se considerou como ponto de partida o que se refere ao direito sucessório, para desintegrar diferentes aspectos como os tipos de sucessões existentes, quem quais são os assuntos do direito sucessório, no que diz respeito à sucessão testamentária, quais os diferentes tipos de testamentos que existem e em que casos cada um deles é aplicado. Outro método utilizado foi o método dedutivo que, partindo de conhecimentos gerais sobre heranças, conduziu ao estudo de conhecimentos particulares neste caso do testamento electrónico.Palavras chave: testamento; testamento eletrônico; direitos digitais. ABSTRACT Technological advances have somehow made it possible to save time, shorten distances, and facilitate human activities. The influence of technology in the field of law has not been the exception.Specifically, reference will be made to the use of electronic means that can be used to make a will that can be granted in accordance with the assumptions established by law, therefore, we can speak of the existence of the electronic will, which is It is regulated only in Mexico City in its corresponding Civil Code of the Federal District. And in order to determine the viability of said will, the following methods were used: the analytical method, through which what is related to inheritance law was considered as a starting point, to disintegrate different aspects such as the types of successions that exist, who are the subjects within inheritance law, regarding testamentary succession, what are the different types of wills that exist and in which cases each of them is applied. Another method that was used was the deductive method that, starting from general knowledge regarding inheritances, led to the study of particular knowledge in this case of the electronic will.Keywords: will; electronic will; digital rights.
THE CONCEPT OF OMNIBUS LAW IN THE INDONESIAN LEGISLATION SYSTEM: IS INTEGRATION POSSIBLE?
No full textIndonesia's legislative development has been characterized by hyperlegislation and, in some cases, a lack of coordination. As a result, Indonesia is incorporating an Omnibus Law method into its legislative system in an effort to increase legislative efficiency. President Jokowi launched this initiative in early 2020, when he included two Omnibus Law draughts, which were enacted as Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation, and as Law No. 7 of 2021 on Harmonization of Tax Regulations in his National Legislation Program. However, there is some debate over the Omnibus Law's incorporation into the Indonesian legislation system, as it is based on common law, whereas the Indonesian legal system is based on civil law. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine how the concept of the Omnibus Law is integrated into the Indonesian legal system. Methods: This study, conducted by adopting a normative research method with a conceptual approach, found that it is possible to integrate the Omnibus Law legislative method into the Indonesian legal system. Results: Our findings suggest that Indonesia's legislative system should consider special provisions for the Omnibus Law method, which may be challenged in a preview system and may even fall under the doctrine of non-delegation. This system will ensure law coherence and legal certainty in the application of the Omnibus Law, as well as the efficacy of legislation development and the quality of the Omnibus Law's draft. Such an idea could only be implemented through legislative amendments, as required by Law No. 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making and the 1945 Constitution. Conclusion: The method of legislation development used in the Omnibus Law could be considered a viable option as long as the methods used to draught the law are consistent with the principles outlined in Law No. 12 of 2011 on Legislation Making. However, the implementation of the Omnibus Law has made insufficient progress due to the extensive use of delegated authority, which results in the emergence of 493 Government Regulations, trapping Indonesia in a coordination failure state or even overregulation. Therefore, the Omnibus Law should be drafted or enacted explicitly as a law without delegated norms or provisions. Thus, efficiency in the legislative process may be achieved
A INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL NAS PLATAFORMAS DIGITAIS PODE PÔR EM RISCO A ESTABILIDADE DA ORDEM DEMOCRÁTICA?
Get PDFObjetivo: analisar o impacto da utilização da inteligência artificial nas plataformas digitais, haja vista que a utilização de algoritmo pode influenciar a percepção do público em torno da realidade. Tarefa que requer avaliar como o avanço tecnológico dos canais de comunicação pode provocar abalos na estabilidade do mundo social e na ordem democrática, bem como avaliar como o arcabouço jurídico da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD) e da Autoridade Nacional de Proteção de Dados (ANPD) buscam sanar o problema de coleta, armazenamento, uso e compartilhamento de dados.Metodologia: a pesquisa se estrutura por meio da abordagem dedutiva dialética de dispositivos legais e bibliográficos.Resultados: Conclui-se que a inteligência artificial possui diversas aplicações positivas para o bom desenvolvimento da sociedade; no entanto, tem a capacidade de pôr em risco a estabilidade democrática.Contribuições: a pesquisa traz como contribuição a análise da falta de transparência na moderação de conteúdo e na responsabilização das plataformas digitais ao considerar que a inovação tecnológica da machine learning propõem o enfrentamento de desafios éticos na estabilidade da ordem democracia de uma sociedade midiatizada
GLOBALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Get PDFObjective: The object of the article is analyze the features of the transformation of the national higher education system in modern conditions of globalization and European integration, identifying the main perspectives and challenges of this process; focus special attention on the national direction of education as an important factor in preserving national identity Ukrainians in the global world; to consider the normative and legal framework, which is the basis for the educational state policy of Ukraine in the modern conditions of globalization and European integration.Methods: Methods of pedagogical research: general theoretical – analysis of psychological-pedagogical, scientific-methodological, reference and encyclopedic literature, normative documentation on the topic of research;interpretation, comparison, hypothesis building, pedagogical modeling;empirical – study and generalization of pedagogical experience, pedagogical observation, conversation, analysis of students’ activities, self-assessment, mutual assessment, expert assessment, diagnostics of the level of formation of students’ communicative self-efficacy; questioning, testing, survey; statistical – descriptive statistics, Fisher’s F-test, Student’s t-test and Fisher’s angular transformation (φ* – criterion).The practical significance of the study lies in the testing of evaluative diagnostic tools for studying the development of students’ communicative self-efficacy, including pedagogical diagnostics, supplemented with standardized psychological techniques; creating methodological recommendations for teachers on the design of professionally oriented tasks of a communicative nature, methodological development of professionally oriented tasks in a foreign language; cases for solving communication situations related to upcoming professional activities; development of a structural-functional model for the formation of students’ communicative self-efficacy; using forms of work and means: master class, project, social competition, elements of technology for the development of critical thinking and others. Results: As a result of the analysis of scientific research, it is worth noting that the pedagogical category innovative activity is characterized by a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, which in its content includes: systemic activity regarding the creation, development and application of new means; the process of interaction of individuals aimed at the development, transformation of the object and its transfer to a qualitatively new state; a special type of creative activity that combines various operations and actions aimed at acquiring new knowledge, creating technologies, systems.Conclusion: The article analyzes generally accepted and innovative approaches to managing the quality of training in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions, reveals the essence of the concept of competitiveness as a socio-economic phenomenon. It has been proven the effectiveness of the structural-functional model of quality management of specialist training, the issue of involving business and the board of stakeholders in quality management, innovative views in ensuring the quality of professional training by bringing the content of state standards of professional (professional-technical) education closer to the requirements of employers is considered; systematic work on increasing the prestige of working professions (introduction of innovative technologies of professional orientation, professional development and career planning); development of elements of dual and mixed education systems; effective management and control of the educational and production process. Offered effective areas such as mentoring, creation of educational clusters, application of hub technologies, digitization). The quality management mechanisms of professional education and training in countries are substantiated, the quality assessment system, the European framework of qualifications and the issue of standardization are analyzed
LEGAL PROTECTION OF SCIENTIFIC COPYRIGHTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Get PDFQuality education is the fourth goal of sustainable development. The Pirate Bay of Science has taken over more than 48 million journals, and nearly every published peer- reviewed research is now accessible online. According to Article 27 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights (UNDHR), everyone has the right to participate in the cultural life of education and knowledge. All articles owned by researchers and published on the internet do not pay royalties to researchers. In the music and film industry, creators receive royalties for every copy sold or accessed through internet sites. Then, how does the Indonesian Copyright Law regulate the protection of scientific work? The research methodology used is normative juridical, with descriptive-analytic specifications. The research results show that there are exceptions to the Indonesian Copyright Law. Article 44(1) of the Indonesian Copyright Law (UUHC), authors often question this restriction of The Pirates Bay of sciences to educational interests. The restriction on exceptions or fair use in the Copyright Law is interpreted as long as it does not harm the economic benefit of the creator. However, there is no explanation of definitions, criteria and limitations that can be used for work for education as one of the Copyright exceptions
LOAN DEBT BURDEN OF THE POPULATION IN CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Get PDFBackground: In an unstable macroeconomic situation, the high loan debt burden of the population creates significant social risks associated with the declining well-being of citizens. For the timely development of measures to prevent and minimize these risks, it is necessary to use a system of indicators to adequately assess the debt load burden of the population both in the country as a whole and in certain regions. Objective: The article aims to assess the debt burden of the population in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation based on the PTI indicator (pay-to-income ratio means the ratio of the borrower's monthly payment on all the loans (principal debt and interest) to their average monthly income). Methods: The main research methods are as follows: generalization and analysis, grouping, comparative and correlation analysis. Results: The authors have developed a methodical approach to calculating the PTI indicator based on open information sources. According to this approach, the PTI indicator has been calculated for regions of the Russian Federation for the first time. The authors have assessed this indicator for the total debt burden of the population, including mortgages and other loans. Based on the analysis, the relationship between the debt burden and income of the population, the debt burden of the population on mortgage loans, and housing affordability have been identified
O ASSÉDIO MORAL NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO EM ÉPOCA DE COVID-19
Get PDFRESUMO: Esta pesquisa científica versa sobre a análise do assédio moral no ambiente de trabalho. É cediço que o trabalhador desenvolve suas atividades laborais com o intuito de obter rendimentos de modo a viabilizar a sua subsistência, assim como a de sua família e, diante disso, com o fito de melhor exercer as suas funções, deve estar submetido a um ambiente sadio de trabalho. Entretanto, subsistem hodiernamente diversos ambientes de trabalho em que não é possível visualizar o desempenho das funções de maneira satisfatória, visto que o trabalhador se encontra submetido à prática do assédio moral. Tal diz respeito a uma conduta arbitrária, que expõe o obreiro a uma condição precária de labor, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de outras patologias, instigando até mesmo o indivíduo a cometer suicídio. Desta feita, a finalidade pretendida com a elaboração deste artigo científico é demonstrar que mesmo que os trabalhadores tenham permanecido durante um grande período de tempo laborando sobre o regime de home office e/ou teletrabalho, o assédio moral permaneceu no ambiente virtual, sendo considerado mais gravoso do que aqueles que se desencadeiam no âmbito da empresa, eis que não há horário para acontecer, tampouco limites.Palavras-chave: Assédio Moral; Dano moral; Assédio Moral Virtual. ABSTRACT: This scientific research deals with the analysis of moral harassment in the work environment. It is a must that the worker develops his work activities with the aim of obtaining income in order to make his subsistence viable, as well as that of his family and, in view of this, in order to better perform his duties, he must be submitted to an environment working healthy. However, nowadays there are several work environments in which it is not possible to visualize the performance of functions in a satisfactory way, since the worker is subjected to the practice of moral harassment. This concerns an arbitrary conduct, which exposes the worker to a precarious working condition, in addition to allowing the development of other pathologies, even instigating the individual to commit suicide. This time, the intended purpose with the preparation of this scientific article is to demonstrate that even though workers have remained for a long period of time working under the home office and/or telework regime, moral harassment remained in the virtual environment, being considered more serious than those that occur within the company, as there is no timetable for it to happen, nor limits. Keywords: Moral Harassment; Moral Damage; Virtual Moral Harassment
FORMATION METHODS OF STUDENTS' INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE
Get PDFObjective: Intercultural education reflects the logic of teaching academic disciplines. The research goal was to verify the form a special information space that can help the student in mastering a new and, most importantly, a different social experience. Results: The world studied in the context of intercultural communication is, first of all, a special kind of worldview based on the comparison of initially different phenomena, which provides a unique opportunity for students to develop the ability to understand different logic, style of thinking, forms of behavior. Conclusion: The consistency of intercultural education is achieved through the selection and unification of its content, as well as the unity and integrity of methodological principles. This issue will be discussed in this research
MANAGING THE PROCUREMENT ACTIVITIES OF THE CONTRACT DEPARTMENT IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: OPTIMIZATION OF STAFF TIME
Get PDFObjective: Improvement of the efficiency of state-funded organizations in times of crisis and the need to reduce costs are popular topics widely discussed among researchers in the field of budgeting. The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of managing the working time of specialists in procurement. Methods: During the course of the study, the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) method was used to estimate the probabilistic nature of the length of work of contract department staff. Results: The paper reports the results of using criteria for rationing the working time of procurement specialists, which allow reducing the costs associated with the organization of procurement. Conclusion: Transitioning to an efficient procurement system focused on the minimization of labor costs requires the workers to comply with the respective appropriate regulations and labor intensity control
RETENÇÃO E UTILIZAÇÃO DE METADADOS DE COMUNICAÇÕES ELECTRÓNICAS: REFLEXÕES A PROPÓSITO DO ACÓRDÃO DO TRIBUNAL CONSTITUCIONAL N.º 268/2022, DE 3 DE JUNHO
Get PDFObjectivos: O presente visa proceder à análise das dificuldades suscitadas pelos metadados de comunicações electrónicas enquanto instrumento de investigação criminal, partindo do recente Acórdão do Tribunal Constitucional português n.º 268/2022, de 3 de Junho.Metodologia: Procede-se ao estudo analítico e compreensivo da decisão, iluminado pela jurisprudência anterior do TC e articulando-a com a jurisprudência do Tribunal de Justiça da União europeia.Resultados: A decisão do Tribunal Constitucional põe termo ao entendimento generalizado (mas não unânime) da jurisprudência portuguesa anterior, no sentido de a legislação portuguesa sobre retenção e utilização de metadados como instrumento de investigação criminal não ter sido afectada pela declaração de invalidade da directiva europeia que esteve na sua origem, reconhecendo que a retenção generalizada de metadados de comunicações electrónicas é, em si mesma, violadora de direitos fundamentais vários, independentemente das garantias legais que rodeiam a utilização desses metadados.Contribuições: O presente trabalho destaca as dificuldades que a tecnologia coloca ao Direito e aos juristas, ao mesmo tempo que salienta a necessidade de ponderar adequadamente os riscos da sua utilização. A existência de benefícios evidentes não é suficiente para justificar essa utilização quando a mesma comporte riscos de ofensa grave a direitos fundamentais.Palavras-Chave: Comunicações electrónicas; Metadados; Direitos Fundamentais; Respeito pela vida privada. ABSTRACTObjectives: The present work aims to analyze the difficulties raised by electronic communications metadata as a criminal investigation tool, based on the recent Judgment of the Portuguese Constitutional Court No. 268/2022, of June 3rd.Methodology: an analytical and comprehensive study of the decision is carried out, illuminated by the previous case law of the Portuguese Constitutional Court in articulation with the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.Results: The Constitutional Court decision puts an end to the widespread (but not unanimous) understanding of the previous Portuguese jurisprudence according to which Portuguese legislation on retention and use of metadata as a tool for criminal investigation was not affected by the declaration of invalidity of the European directive that was in its origin, recognizing that the widespread retention of electronic communications metadata is, in itself, a violation of several fundamental rights, regardless of the legal guarantees surrounding the use of such metadata.Contributions: the present paper highlights the difficulties that technology poses to Law and jurists, emphasizing, at the same time, the need to adequately reflect about the risks of its use. The existence of obvious benefits is not sufficient to justify such use when it involves risks of serious harm to fundamental rights.Keywords: Electronic communications; Metadata; Fundamental rights; Respect for private life