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A IMPRESCRITIBILIDADE DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE
Get PDFObjetivo: o presente artigo realiza um estudo focado na imprescritibilidade dos direitos da personalidade. Após a compreensão da concepção clássica, adotada pela legislação de 1916, e da regulação dada pelo Código Civil de 2002 aos institutos da prescrição e da decadência, o trabalho analisa o chamado critério científico para a distinção da prescrição e da decadência. Em seguida, o texto estuda o problema da imprescritibilidade dos direitos da personalidade, demonstrando que não existe um prazo para o exercício de tais direitos, mas que as pretensões patrimoniais que deles decorrem estão sujeitas à prescrição. Metodologia: trata-se de pesquisa que utiliza metodologia descritiva e dedutiva, baseada fundamentalmente em revisão bibliográfica e na investigação da legislação. Resultados: a imprescritibilidade dos direitos da personalidade não significa que a pretensão ao pagamento de reparação pecuniária, em caso de ofensa a tais direitos, não esteja sujeita à prescrição. De fato, não há dúvida que os direitos da personalidade são imprescritíveis, de modo que não existe um prazo para o exercício de tais direitos. Entretanto, a imprescritibilidade dos direitos da personalidade não significa que as pretensões patrimoniais decorrentes desses direitos não estejam sujeitas à prescrição. Contribuições: ao mesmo tempo em que a pesquisa se ocupa de aspectos teóricos e práticos da imprescritibilidade dos direitos da personalidade, também busca instigar o leitor a procurar soluções no direito estrangeiro para problemas existentes no Brasil
FUNDAÇÃO ESTATAL DE EDUCAÇÃO – ART. 213 DA CF/88 RECURSOS DO FUNDEB CONTRATO DE GESTÃO AUTONOMIA GERENCIAL / ORÇAMENTARIA FINANCEIRA
Get PDFFundações estatais voltadas à educação possuem interessantes particularidades, sobretudo considerando a possibilidade de que a principal fonte de suas receitas, “FUNDEB[1]”, é notabilizado por ser um ‘fundo’ composto de recursos disciplinados nos artigos 212 e 212-A da Constituição Federal de 1988, todos oriundos de impostos e transferência dos Estados, Distrito Federal e Municípios. E de acordo com os ditames constitucionais, compete à União Federal complementá-los quando Estados e Municípios não arrecadarem o suficiente para garantir uma educação básica de qualidade mínima. Aludida fonte pode ser objeto de convênio entabulado entre fundações estatais e as respectivas pessoas políticas de direito constitucional interno, consoante dicção do 213 da CF/88. O presente estudo, portanto, tem o propósito de discorrer sobre o contrato de gestão previsto no §8º do art. 37 da CF/88, o “FUNDEB” como legalmente vinculado, utilizado e as consequências provenientes de tal liame[1] Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação, Emenda Constitucional nº 108/2020 e regulamentado pela Lei nº 14.113/2020
QUASE INDETECTÁVEIS? PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS SOROLÓGICOS EM AMBIENTES CLÍNICOS DE TESTES LABORATORIAIS
Get PDFA partir do privilégio à dignidade da pessoa humana concedido na Constituição de 1988, a repersonalização do sujeito nas relações privadas marca uma despedida à valorização do patrimônio sobre a vida. Nesse contexto, o sujeito torna-se o centro de proteção no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, cujo axioma ressoa no direito à privacidade. Na contemporaneidade, os dados pessoais tornaram-se um ativo financeiro imprescindível, de modo que as discussões relacionadas à proteção de dados pessoais ganharam notoriedade. A indevida instrumentalização de dados pessoais tem demonstrado riscos para grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade, de modo que a lei de proteção de dados pessoais do Brasil detém princípios antidiscriminatórios e valoriza a autonomia do sujeito sobre sua vida. Assim, este trabalho adiciona à discussão as especificidades do tratamento de dados sorológicos, pelas empresas responsáveis por ambientes clínicos de testes laboratoriais, de pessoas que vivem com HIV, ressaltando a gravidade e os prejuízos da violação da privacidade do dado sorológico que possa identificar alguém como uma pessoa que vive com HIV. Isso demonstra a imprescindibilidade da privacidade sorológica como instrumento para a consecução da dignidade da pessoa humana do sujeito que vive com o vírus do HIV. Palavras-chave: HIV e Proteção de Dados; Proteção de Dados; Ambientes Clínicos de Testes Laboratoriais; Dignidade da Pessoa que Vive com HIV; Dados Sensíveis. ABSTRACT:Based on the privilege to the dignity of the human person described in the 1988 Constitution, the repersonalization of the subject in private relationships marks a farewell to the appreciation of heritage over life. In this context, the subject becomes the center of protection in the Brazilian legal system, whose axiom resonates with the right to privacy. In contemporary times, personal data has become an essential financial asset, so that discussions related to the protection of personal data have gained notoriety. The undue instrumentalization of personal data has demonstrated risks for groups in vulnerable situations, so that Brazil's personal data protection law contains anti-discriminatory principles and values the subject's autonomy over their life. Thus, this work adds to the discussion the specificities of the treatment of serological data, by companies responsible for clinical laboratory testing environments, of people living with HIV, highlighting the seriousness and harm of violating the privacy of serological data that could identify someone as a person living with HIV. This demonstrates the indispensability of serological privacy as an important instrument for achieving human dignity for individuals living with the HIV virus. Keywords: HIV and Data Protection; Data Protection; Clinical environments for laboratory tests; Dignity of People Living with HIV; Sensitive Data
SOBERANIA E RECONHECIMENTO DO ESTADO NA ÓTICA DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL: BREVE ANÁLISE DA GUERRA RÚSSIA X UCRÂNIA
Get PDFAtravés do presente trabalho visamos buscar entender as relações internacionais modernas face à atual guerra (invasão) da Rússia contra a Ucrânia e o reconhecimento das regiões Ucranianas de Luhansk e Donetsk pela Rússia. Para tanto, vamos analisar de forma sucinta os institutos da soberania e do reconhecimento de um Estado para iluminar as questões advindas de atual cenário conflituoso
OPPORTUNITIES FOR REGULATING FINANCIAL MARKETS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: RESULTS OF A MULTIPLE FACTOR ANALYSIS
Get PDFObjective. This study unveils the outcomes of a comprehensive multiple factor comparative analysis delving into the development and regulatory frameworks governing financial markets across five developing nations: Hong Kong, India, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, and Kazakhstan.Methods. Employing the index method for computation and analysis, countries were evaluated and ranked based on comprehensive indices for three distinct periods: 2014, 2017, and 2020.Results. Through correlation and regression analyses, we discerned the intricate relationship between each country’s economic development indicators and the evolving dynamics of their respective financial markets.Conclusions. These findings have culminated in the formulation of practical management recommendations aimed at enhancing the regulatory efficacy of financial markets
RISK-BASED APPROACH TO THE REGULATION OF THE LEGAL REGIME OF LANDS AND OTHER REAL ESTATE IN THE RUSSIAN RESORT REGION CAUCASIAN MINERAL WATERS
Get PDFObjective. This article addresses current Russian legislation concerning land and other real estate in the specially protected ecological resort region Caucasian Mineral Waters.Methods. The study employs a risk-oriented approach, identifying legal, environmental, corruption-related, social, economic, and other risks threatening the well-being of Russia's major resorts.Results. The study emphasizes the regime of the three protective zones within the mountain sanitary protected district of federal resorts and the restrictions on land use, construction, and other economic activities in these zones. The article explores the utilization challenges of other real estate within resort territories, the trend of repurposing resort infrastructure facilities, and the prolonged preservation of unfinished construction projects. These problems are discussed in the context of their negative consequences, including corruption, systematic legal violations, environmental degradation of resorts, and disruption of the architectural appearance of historical towns in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region.Conclusion. The study highlights the imbalance in the land use management system and real estate transactions in these areas, recommending state oversight of local self-government activities in resort towns due to frequent legal violations. Proposals for improving Russian legislation governing land and real estate use in resorts are also presented
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Get PDFBackground: This article traces the transformation of internal financial audits into internal audits within public organizations in the Russian Federation. The need for such a transformation became apparent after Russia’s higher external audit bodies assessed the achievements of federal executive authorities in internal financial auditing and its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of budgetary funding. Objective: The study aims to examine both organizational and methodological aspects of this transformation. The study focuses on establishing a comprehensive model integrating internal financial audit, internal financial control, departmental control, and founder’s control systems within the framework of sustainable development concepts. Methods: The research presents the architecture of the internal audit system in public organizations and emphasizes a wide range of activities to ensure its continuous improvement. This approach is based on the principles of cyclicality and ongoing development. The model considers the subject of internal audit to encompass not only the financial activities of public sector entities and assessment of internal control systems but also the achievement of current and strategic development goals, minimization of financial crime risks, and risk-laden business processes under uncertain external and internal conditions. Results: The study introduces a comprehensive model that proposes to harmonize the systems of internal financial audit systems, internal financial control, departmental control, and founder’s control. It extends the scope of internal audit beyond financial analysis to include evaluating the achievement of operational and strategic objectives, minimizing financial risks, and managing risky business processes amid uncertainties. Conclusions: The research conclusions could be useful for public organizations in developing an effective internal audit system. The proposed model not only enhances financial auditing and control but also aligns these processes with the broader objectives of sustainable development and strategic risk management
LA CONFRONTACIÓN A LA DISCRIMINACIÓN INTERSECCIONAL EN EL SISTEMA INTERAMERICANO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS: APORTACIONES DE LA CORTE IDH A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL DERECHO ANTIDISCRIMINATORIO
Get PDFObjetivo: Analizar el abordaje de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (Corte IDH) sobre la discriminación interseccional a partir de tres decisiones que recogen disposiciones sobre la no discriminación y la garantía de la igualdad.Metodología: Se trata de investigación de carácter crítico, descriptivo y explicativo a través del análisis cualitativo del contenido de las decisiones judiciales de la Corte IDH con el soporte del marco analítico de las perspectivas interseccionales. Se adopta el enfoque dialéctico para problematizar la relación entre los paradigmas interseccionales consolidados en la literatura y su aplicación por parte de los jueces en las fuentes primarias de este estudio.Resultados: Por un lado, la aplicación del paradigma interseccional se ha sofisticado para analizar de forma más compleja el cruce de las causas prohibidas de discriminación, así como para determinar mejor el alcance de las responsabilidades estatales respeto a las vulneraciones de derechos humanos. Por otro lado, identifican tanto la prevalencia de los paradigmas unitario y múltiple sobre la discriminación en los tratados multilaterales de derechos humanos (TMDH) del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos (SIDH) cuanto la restricción del desarrollo del enfoque interseccional las decisiones de la Corte IDH.Contribuciones: La investigación posibilita visibilizar las aportaciones y los límites del enfrentamiento a la discriminación interseccional por parte de la Corte IDH. Con esto, permite desvendar los problemas que dificultan la cobertura de la complejidad de las discriminaciones que sufren los titulares de derechos y, de esta forma, contribuir de forma más efectiva para la construcción del Derecho antidiscriminatorio no solamente en el marco de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA), sino también para la comunidad internacional.Palabras claves: Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos; Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos; Derecho antidiscriminatorio; discriminación interseccional.ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze the approach of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) regarding intersectional discrimination based on three decisions that contain provisions on non-discrimination and the guarantee of equality.Methodology: This is critical, descriptive, and explanatory research through qualitative analysis of the content of the judicial decisions of the IACHR supported by the analytical framework of intersectional perspectives. A dialectical approach is adopted to problematize the relationship between the intersectional paradigms consolidated in the literature and their application by judges in the primary sources of this study.Results: On one hand, the application of the intersectional paradigm has been refined to analyze the intersection of prohibited causes of discrimination more complexly, as well as to better determine the scope of state responsibilities regarding human rights violations. On the other hand, they identify both the prevalence of unitary and multiple paradigms on discrimination in multilateral human rights treaties (MHRTs) of the Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) and the restriction of the development of the intersectional approach in the decisions of the IACtHR.Contributions: The research makes it possible to visualize the contributions and limitations of addressing intersectional discrimination by the IACtHR. Thus, it reveals the problems that hinder the coverage of the complexity of the discriminations suffered by rights holders and, thereby, contributes more effectively to the construction of anti-discriminatory law not only within the framework of the Organization of American States (OAS) but also for the international community.Keywords: Inter-American Human Rights System; Inter-American Court of Human Rights; anti-discriminatory law; intersectional discrimination
LEGAL RELATIONS ARISING BETWEEN AN INVESTIGATOR AND A LEGAL ENTITY THAT HAS SUFFERED FROM A CRIME IN THE CRIMINAL PROCESS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Get PDFIn the article, the authors consider the most pressing issues concerning the essence and content of legal relations arising between an investigator and a legal entity who has suffered from a crime in the criminal process of the Russian Federation. It is established that a legal entity appears as a subject of both public and private law, entering into civil, administrative, criminal, labor and criminal procedural legal relations. The authors substantiate the position that the investigator plays a decisive role in the preliminary investigation. He is interested in ensuring that the participation of the victim and his representative in the investigation process is as active as possible, therefore it is the investigator who must ensure that they can exercise their procedural rights. In conclusion, the authors conclude that in the current situation, it is in no way possible to limit the participation of a legal entity injured by a crime in criminal proceedings only as a civil plaintiff, whose rights are much narrower than those granted to such a participant in the process as the victim. In this regard, the recognition of legal entities as victims expresses the true meaning of this legal institution, which is enshrined in the provisions of criminal procedure legislation
FEATURES, FACTORS, AND RISKS OF THE INFLUENCE OF METAVERSES ON BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT
Get PDFThe article systematizes approaches to defining the essence of metaverses as multidimensional spaces that unite many virtual worlds (where participants can interact with each other and surrounding objects), in which digital copies of the real world are created (including in business) and used for various purposes. Metaverses are a key trend in the development of the Russian economy and its industries and spheres and can help improve productivity and optimize business processes in the digital world. The authors of the article analyze some examples of implementing metaverse technologies (including augmented, virtual, and mixed reality, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies) in Russia and other countries. Factors that influence the development of metaverses (including regulatory, economic, technological, and social) are identified. Risks and limitations associated with the development of metaverse technologies are demonstrated (cyber threats and risks of protecting a large amount of data, the lack of a single monetary unit in metaverses or rules for converting metaverse means of payment into conventional means of payment, difficulties in financing the development of technological projects due to a long time to market, insufficient number of specialists in the field of AR, VR, and mixed reality, blockchain, and cryptocurrencies, and other risks). The authors also identify features of the influence of metaverses on business development in the digital environment. In virtual multidimensional spaces of metaverses, the transition to a new economy of impressions is accelerating, new opportunities for remote interaction are being created, the format of employee training and development is being significantly transformed, digital twins are being made through the formation of exact virtual copies of business organizations, etc. Conclusions and proposals are drawn on the need to consider the influence of regulatory, economic, technological, and social factors on the development of business in the virtual spaces of metaverses and existing and potential threats and dangers associated with the development of economic activity in virtual spaces to realize the potential of business in the field of the new technological phenomenon of metaverses