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Indoor air quality evaluation in intercity buses in real time traffic
No full textRoad transport allows all forms of land conditions to be met at less cost. Because of this function, despite numerous disadvantages, it becomes the most frequently used method of transport, especially in underdeveloped or developing countries. One of the most significant factors used in evaluating the atmosphere's air quality is the amount of CO2, increasing people's density in indoor spaces. The amount of CO2 indoors is, therefore, vital to determine. In this study, CO2 and temperature measurements made on nine different bus journey was made in Turkey. The minimum and maximum values were recorded as 555 ppm and 3000 ppm CO2, respectively, in the measurements. On all journeys, the average concentration is 1088.72 ppm. The minimum and maximum values were measured as 17.4 degrees C and 32.7 degrees C in the temperature measurements, and the average of all trips was calculated to be 25.76 degrees C. In this study conducted before the Covid-19 pandemic, it was determined that the amount of CO2 increased with the density and insufficient ventilation in the buses. The risk of infection increases in places with high human density and low clean air. For situations such as pandemics, CO2 measurement is a rapid indicator of determining human density
Evaluation of theme parks in terms of spatial landscape features; the case of Istanbul
No full textTema parklar insanların boş vakitlerinde eğlenmek ve başkalarıyla iletişim kurmak için gittikleri, bazı durumlarda da kendi kültürlerini öğrenmek ve sosyokültürel gelişimlerini artırmak amacıyla vakit geçirdikleri, hayatımızda çok önemli bir yeri olan rekreasyonel alanlardandır. Tema parkların insanların fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlığına, kentin çevresel kalitesine ve ekonomisine önemli katkıları vardır. Bu çalışmada; tema park kavramı, tema park türleri ve sınıflandırılması, planlama ve tasarım ilkeleri tanımlanmış, farklı kaynaklardan elde edilen veriler derlenerek ulusal ve uluslararası tema park örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırma alanı olarak İstanbul kentindeki 4 farklı tema park seçilmiştir (İsfanbul / Viland, Miniaturk, Marina Aquapark Waterland, Forestanbul). Tema park alanlarının mekansal peyzaj özelliklerini değerlendirmeye yönelik 15 maddeden oluşan bir değerlendirme formu düzenlenmiş ve saha ziyaretleri yoluyla bulgular elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre tema parkların mekânsal peyzaj özellikleri konumları ve çevresel ilişkileri, ulaşım imkanları ve otopark alanları, sirkülasyon tasarımı, sert zemin elemanları, kentsel donatılar ve sosyal hizmetleri, bitkilendirme tasarımı, güvenlik ve bakım durumları bağlamında ele alınarak yeterlilikleri, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda gelecekteki planlama ve tasarımlarda, tema parkların sürdürülebilirliğinin ve mekânsal niteliklerinin artmasına katkı sağlayacak bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.Theme parks are recreational areas that have a very important place in our lives, where
people go to have fun and talk to others in their spare time, and in some cases spend time
to learn about their own culture and increase their socio-cultural development. Theme
parks have important contributions to people's physical and mental health, environmental
quality and economy of the city.
In this study; firstly, the concept of theme parks, the types and classification of theme
parks, planning and design principles are defined, the data from different sources are
collected, and samples of national and international theme parks are included. The 4
different theme parks in Istanbul were selected as study areas (Istanbul/Viland, Miniaturk,
Viaport Marina Aquapark, Forestanbul). An evaluation form of 15 items for the spatial
landscape features of theme parks was arranged and findings were obtained through field
visits.
According to the findings obtained in the study, the spatial landscape characteristics of
theme parks positive and negative aspects of environmental relations, transportation
facilities and parking areas, circulation design, hard ground elements, urban
reinforcements, and social services, planting design, safety and maintenance conditions
were evaluated. As a result of the research, recommendations are made that will help
improve the sustainability and spatial quality of theme parks in future planning and design
Traditional Artvin dishes
No full textTarih boyunca insanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmek ve nesillerinin devamlılığını
sağlayabilmek amacıyla gerçekleştirdikleri yeme eylemi, her ne kadar sıradan bir olgu olarak
görülse de insan yaşamının çok önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Her toplumun kendi
iç dinamiğine bağlı olarak oluşturmuş olduğu bir yeme kültürü bulunmaktadır. Bu kültürün
oluşmasında coğrafya, iklim ve gelenekten gelen alışkanlıklar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır.
Artvin, kültürel etkileşime açık bir coğrafi özelliğe sahip olmasının yanı sıra, iklimsel
özellikleri sebebiyle ve yemeklerin icrasında kullanılan hammaddelerin çeşitliliği
bakımından da zengin bir yemek kültürünün oluşması için uygun zemine sahiptir.
Çalışmamızda bu kültürel zenginliği ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Derleme yöntemi
kullanılarak oluşturulan çalışmamız iki ana bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Birinci
bölümde Artvin coğrafi özellikleri bakımından incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise derlenen
yüz on sekiz yiyecek incelenerek Artvin yemek kültürünün ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Yemekler oluşturulurken kullanılan malzemelerin elde edilişi, yemeklerin yapılış ve sunum
aşamalarında etkili olan geleneksel ve coğrafi etkiler incelenmiştir. Sonuç kısmında ise
yapılan incelemeler sonucunda elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiştirAlthough the act of eating, which people have done throughout history in order to
survive and ensure the continuity of their generations, is seen as an ordinary phenomenon, it
constitutes a very important part of human life. Each society has a food culture that it has
created depending on its own internal dynamics. Geography, climate and habits from
tradition have an important place in the formation of this culture.
In addition to having a geographical feature open to cultural interaction, Artvin has a
suitable ground for the formation of a rich food culture due to its climatic characteristics and
the diversity of the raw materials used in the execution of the dishes. In our study, it is aimed
to reveal this cultural richness. Our study, which was created using the compilation method,
consists of two main parts. In the first part, Artvin has been examined in terms of its
geographical features. In the second part, it is aimed to reveal the food culture of Artvin by
examining the compiled dishes. The traditional and geographical effects, which are effective
in obtaining the materials used in the preparation of the dishes, in the preparation and
presentation of the dishes, were examined. In the conclusion part, the findings obtained as a
result of the examinations were evaluated
nvestigation of some technological properties of cement-bonded particleboards manufactured from planer shavings of CCA-treated scotch pine woods
Full text linkBu çalışmanın amacı, bakır-krom-arsenik (CCA) ile emprenyeli sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) planya
artıkları kullanılarak üretilen çimentolu yongalevhaların mekanik, fiziksel ve termal özellikleri üzerine
odun/çimento oranı ve pres sıcaklığının etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla, 3 farklı odun-çimento oranı
(1/2, 1/2.5 ve 1/3) ve 2 farklı pres sıcaklığı (20 ℃ ve 60 ℃) kullanılarak 1200 kg/m3 hedef yoğunluk ve
500 mm x 500 mm x 10 mm boyutuna sahip tek tabakalı çimentolu yongalevhalar üretilmiştir. Üretilen
levhalar, fiziksel (rutubet, yoğunluk, su alma ve kalınlığına şişme oranı), mekanik (eğilme direnci,
eğilmede elastikiyet modülü, yüzeye dik çekme direnci ve vida tutma direnci) ve termal (TGA/DTG)
özellikler açısından incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, pres sıcaklığının artması levhaların
mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklerinde önemli bir iyileşme sağlamıştır. Levhada odun-çimento oranın artması,
eğilme direnci ve vida tutma direncini artırırken, eğilmede elastikiyet modülü ve yüzeye dik çekme
direncini düşürmüştür. Diğer taraftan, odun/çimento oranı artıkça, su alma ve kalınlığına şişme oranları
da artmıştır. TGA sonuçlarına göre, odun-çimento oranın azalması ve pres sıcaklığının artması,
levhalarda çimento hidratasyon ürünlerinin artmasına neden olmuştur. Genel olarak, CCA ile
emprenyeli planya artıklarından üretilen tüm levhalar, EN standardında belirtilen değerleri karşılamıştır.This study investigates the effects of wood/cement ratio and press temperature on the mechanical,
physical and thermal properties of cement-bonded particleboards manufactured from the planer
shavings of copper-chromium-arsenic (CCA) treated scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woods. For this
purpose, single-layer cement-bonded particleboards were produced in a target density of 1200 kg/m3
and a dimension of 500 mm x 500 mm x10 mm using three different wood-cement ratios (1/2, 1/2.5
and 1/3) and two different press temperatures (20 ℃ and 60 ℃). The experimental boards produced
were evaluated in terms of physical (moisture content, density, water absorption, and thickness
swelling), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, screw
withdrawal resistance), and thermal (TGA/DTG) properties. The results demonstrated that increasing
press temperature significantly improved the mechanical and physical properties of the boards. An
increase in wood-cement ratio improved bending strength and screw withdrawal resistance and
decreased internal bond strength and modulus of elasticity. In addition, the high wood-cement ratio
led to an increase in the water absorption and the thickness swelling. TGA results revealed that an
increase in cement ratio and press temperature led to a significant improvement in the cement
hydration products. In general, all the boards made from CCA-treated planer shavings met the
requirements specified in EN 634-2 standard
Investigation of children's playgrounds in kindergartens in terms of design principles: the case of Aydın city
Full text linkBu çalışmada Aydın ili Efeler merkez ilçesinde yer alan devlet anaokullarına ait dış mekân kullanım
şekilleri, kişi başına düşen açık alan miktarları, donatı elemanları ve bitki türleri yerinde gözlem
çalışmaları ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, anaokulu bahçelerinin çocuk gelişimine
katkısını tespit etmek amacıyla bu alanlarda bulunan oyun alanları tasarım ilkeleri kapsamında
değerlendirilerek öneriler sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Tapu ve Kadastro Genel
Müdürlüğü’nün internet sitesinden elde edilen bilgilerle (okul bahçelerine ait parsellerin açık alan
miktarları), İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’nden ise 9 devlet anaokuluna ait öğrenci ve öğretmen sayıları
oluşturmaktadır. Belirlenen okul bahçelerinde yapılan yerinde gözlem çalışmaları sırasında çekilen
fotoğraflardan faydalanılarak, okul bahçelerinde bulunan mevcut bitkiler, açık alanlardaki oyun ve
donatı elemanları tespit edilmiş; dış mekân kullanımlarına yönelik puanlama tabloları kullanılmıştır.
Çalışma sonucunda temsil derecelerine göre iyi dereceli olarak kabul edilen okullar İstiklal Anaokulu
ve Unicef Türkiye Milli Komitesi Seyda Kayhan Anaokulu; orta dereceli olarak kabul edilen anaokulları
ise Dalama Anaokulu, Efe Emir Ayşe Çetin Anaokulu, Mimar Sinan Anaokulu, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi
Anaokulu, Şehit Polis Demet Sezen ve Zübeyde Hanım Anaokulu’dur. Yunus Emre Anaokulu’nun ise
zayıf dereceli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the outdoor usage patterns, the amount of open space per capita, the equipment
elements and plant species of the public kindergartens located in the central district of Aydın province
were determined. In the light of the information obtained, in order to determine the contribution of
kindergarten gardens to child development, the playgrounds in these areas were evaluated within the
scope of design principles and suggestions were presented. The main material of the study consists of
the information obtained from the website of the ‘Tapu ve Kadastro Genel Müdürlüğü’ (open area
amounts of the parcels belonging to the school gardens), and the number of students and teachers
belonging to 9 state kindergartens from the ‘İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’. In the realization of the study,
the existing plants in the school gardens, the playground and equipment elements in the open areas
and the observation forms for outdoor use were used through the photographs taken during the
examinations and observations made in the selected schools. As a result of the study, the schools that
were accepted as good grades according to their representation degrees consisted of İstiklal Anaokulu
and Unicef Türkiye Milli Komitesi Seyda Kayhan Anaokulu, while the kindergartens accepted as middlegrade Dalama Anaokulu, Efe Emir Ayşe Çetin Anaokulu, Mimar Sinan Anaokulu, Organize Sanayi Bölgesi
Anaokulu, Şehit Polis Demet Sezen Anaokulu and Zübeyde Hanım Anaokulu. It has been determined
that Yunus Emre Anaokulu has a weak grade among all others
Artists' production sensibilities within the dynamics of an emerging art market
No full textPurpose This study aims to understand the characteristics and formation of artists' production sensibilities and relations with other actors within an emerging hybrid art market structure. Design/methodology/approach To unravel senses and map out relationships and structures in the context of this study, qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and analysis of secondary data sources, were applied. Findings The authors describe three art production sensibilities and market-based relationship logics rooted in the artist and the artwork's diverse role in the market. Practical implications The findings suggest that artistic sensibilities motivate managers working in the hybrid art market to develop a more nuanced positioning of artists and their creative outputs to improve harmony and collaboration. Originality/value This study demonstrates that the hybrid structure of art markets allows for the harmonious separation and collaboration of non-market (artistic) and market logics. This study uncovers how artists combine their non-market creative position with market needs in the process of marketization and hybridization
Anatomija stabljika rodova Matricaria i Tripleurospermum (Asteraceae) iz Turske sa svojim taksonomskim i ekološkim implikacijama
No full textA comparative anatomical study of the stems in 32 taxa assigned in the two related genera; Matricaria (4 taxa) and Tripleurospermum (28 taxa, 30 accessions), was carried out in Turkey by using cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to address generic classification and taxa delimitation. All the studied taxa have the following stem characteristics: one layer of epidermal cells with a sparse distribution of non-glandular trichomes, a cortex composed of interchanging collenchyma and chlorenchyma cells, a number of schizogenous secretory ducts near the bundles, ovate to oblong and open collateral vascular bundles which are arranged in a ring and are variable in size, and parenchymatous pith. The differences among the taxa are mainly the thickness of the xylem in the vascular bundle, the length of the epidermal cells and the pith cell size. The taxonomic and ecological values of the anatomical data are discussed in light of the current framework
Being a woman driver in Erzurum: women’s driving experiences in the context of tensions, erosion borders and changing social face
Full text linkToplumsal cinsiyet ilişkilerindeki farklılaşmalar, toplumsal ilişki ve etkileşim sahasında
farklı deneyimlerin oluşmasına sebebiyet vermektedir. Kadınların sürücülük deneyimleri de
söz konusu deneyimlerden biri olup, kadın kimliğinin ayrılmaz parçalarını oluşturmaktadır.
Kadınların sürücülüklerini nasıl gerçekleştirdikleri, sürücülük deneyiminin hangi sorunları
ortaya çıkardığı, kimliklerini nasıl etkilediği ve bunun nasıl bir değişimi beraberinde
getirdiği bu çalışmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunsal çerçevesinde, bu
çalışmada, Erzurum’da yaşayan 8 kadınla nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında derinlemesine
mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Yapılan mülakatlarda, sürücülüğün kadınlara bireyselleşme ve
kamusallaşma deneyimi oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Sürücü olmanın kadınlara özel bir alan
açtığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Kadın sürücülerin Erzurum’da muhafazakârlığın sınırlarını
aşındırdıkları ve toplumsal yaşamda yeni yüzleri görünür kıldıkları tespit edilmiştir. Kadın
sürücü sayılarının giderek artmasına rağmen, trafikte kadın sürücülerin erkek sürücüler
tarafından şiddete maruz kaldıkları, ötekileştirildikleri ve damgalandıkları görülmüştür.
Erzurum’da kadınların sürücülük deneyimlerinin birbirinden farklı sonuçlar ortaya koyduğu
anlaşılmıştır. Bu açıdan Erzurum’da kadın sürücü olmak, gerilimleri içeren, toplumsal
cinsiyet sınırlarının aşındığı ve kamusal yaşamda toplumsal yüzlerin giderek değiştiği bir
yapıda karşımıza çıkmaktadırDifferences in gender relations lead to different experiences in the field of social relations
and interaction. Women’s driving experiences are also one of the experiences in question
and form integral parts of women’s identity. The main problematic of this study is how
women perform their driving, what problems their driving experience creates, how they
affect their identities and what kind of change this brings about. In this problematic
framework, in this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with 8 women living in
Erzurum within the scope of qualitative research method. In the interviews conducted, it was
observed that driving creates an experience of individualization and publicization for
women. It was concluded that being a driver opens up a special space for women. It has been
determined that female drivers erode the limits of conservatism in Erzurum and make new
faces visible in social life. Despite the increasing number of female drivers, it has been
observed that female drivers in traffic are subjected to violence, marginalized and
stigmatized by male drivers. In this respect, being a female driver in Erzurum emerges in a
structure that includes tensions, erosion of gender boundaries and gradually changing social
faces in public life
Innovation Research in Tourism and Hospitality Field: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
No full textNew studies have constantly been emerging in the field of tourism. However, it is not clear
to what extent which study contributes to the literature and tourism application areas. There are a few
bibliometric studies that illustrate the intellectual structure of the tourism innovation field. Therefore,
the purpose of this study is to determine the performance and intellectual structure of research
studies conducted on innovation in the field of tourism. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis of
387 research studies, which were published over the period 1975–2021 and cited in SCI-EXPANDED,
SSCI, A&HCI indexes of WoS, is performed. Co-citation analysis indicates that innovation research
studies in tourism can be categorized into three groups: (1) conceptualization and types of innovation
in tourism, (2) review research on innovation in tourism, and (3) methodological studies. According
to the co-word analysis, sharing economy, open innovation, sustainability, and technology are the most
popular topics of recent times. A steady increase is observed in the number of citations to articles in
the field of tourism innovation after 2008. The research study has crucial impacts in terms of guiding
the researchers who would study in this field and providing the intellectual appearance of the field
Susceptibility assessment and mapping of Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in oriental spruce forests in Artvin, Turkey
No full textIps typographus, which was first identified in 1984 in the oriental spruce forests of
Artvin, Turkey, has killed millions of cubic metres of trees. Severe outbreaks of I. typographus following storms resulting in fallen trees and salvage logging done as a part
of control activities have caused gaps in the stand canopy of oriental spruce forests.
These forests, which have many important functions, such as supplying water, soil
conservation and preventing natural disasters in the area they spread, have a fragmented structure because of beetle damages and various traditional utilization practices of the local community. In this study, the local spread of I. typographus in the
forests of Hatila Valley National Park and the neighbouring Taşlıca Forest Sub-District
was evaluated, and the areas susceptible to the beetle were determined using the
frequency ratio method. A total of 120 pheromone traps were employed in the study.
A beetle density map of the study area was produced using the inverse distance
weighting interpolation method based on the total number of beetles caught by the
traps. Then, the correlation between the regions with high I. typographus density and
environmental factors that contributed to this situation were determined using the
frequency ratio method. An average 6528.70 beetles were caught by the pheromone
traps as a result of this study. The density of the beetles was high in 60.64% of the
study area, and an average 10,844.25 beetles were caught by the pheromone traps
in these areas. The difference in the total number of beetles between areas with high
beetle density and those with low or medium beetle density was significant. It was
determined that 32.53% of the study area had very high or high susceptibility to I.
typographus. Different parameters such as altitude, slope, aspect, distance to forest
roads, stand type, topographic wetness index and area solar radiation were found to
be associated with the susceptibility of an area to I. typographus