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An ınvestigation of soil profile depth change on site response analysis
Full text linkGüncellenerek “Türkiye Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği (TBDY-2018)” ismi ile yürürlüğe giren Türk deprem yönetmeliği, tasarım gözetimi
ve kontrolü hizmetinden deprem haritasının güncellenmesine kadar birçok köklü değişiklik içermekte ve uygulamaya yeni koşullar
getirmektedir. Getirilen en önemli koşullardan bir tanesi “ZF” yerel zemin sınıfı için “Sahaya Özel Zemin Davranışı Analizi”
yapılması gerekliliğidir. Bu çalışmada, yönetmeliğin 16.5.2.3 (a) maddesinde serbest zemin modeli oluşturulması için belirtilen ve
özellikle büyük açıklıklı yapı projelerinde pratik olarak uygulaması zor olan ve ek maliyet gerektiren “mühendislik taban kayasının
bina temelinden itibaren derinliği, en büyük bina genişliğinin üç katından daha az olmayacaktır” koşulu irdelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda,
İzmir ili, Konak ilçesi sınırlarında, zemin değerlendirilmesi yapılmış, bölgenin karakteristik zemin türünü temsil eden “ZF” zemin
sınıfına ait bir zemin profili, dört farklı derinlik için oluşturulmuştur. Dört farklı deprem düzeyi için ayrı ayrı olmak üzere tasarım
spektrumuna spektral uyuşum sağlanacak şekilde dönüştürülen 11 adet deprem kaydının iki yönlü zaman tanım alanında doğrusal
olmayan analiz yöntemi ile analizleri tamamlanmış ve farklı derinliklerinin profil davranışına etkileri incelenmiştir. Analizler
sonucunda, çalışma kapsamında dikkate alınan zemin profili için yüksek yapı sınıfına girmeyen ve ileri performans hedefi
değerlendirmesi gerektirmeyen yeni yapılacak önüretimli betonarme, yerinde dökme betonarme ve çelik binalar için ZE zemin sınıfı
için oluşturulan spektrumun derinlik değişiminden bağımsız olarak davranışı karşıladığı belirlenmiştir.The updated Turkish seismic code “Building Earthquake Regulations-2018 (TBDY-2018)” includes radical changes in many aspects
such as peer review and the earthquake hazard map hence, it brings new conditions into practical engineering. One of the most
important conditions is the concept of "Site Response Analysis" for the soil type “ZF”. This study investigates the item 16.5.2.3 (a)
which states that “the depth of the engineering bedrock from the building foundation must not be less than three times of the largest
building width. However, the application of this provision is almost difficult especially for the large span structures, and it requires
additional cost. In this context, the soil profile evaluation has been made within the borders of Konak district of İzmir province for soil
class "ZF" considering four different depths. Non-linear bidirectional time history analyses are performed using 11 pairs of earthquake
records which are scaled to match various earthquake levels. The study also evaluates the effect of various depths on the behavior of
the soil profile in question. The paper concludes that, for the soil profile addressed in this study, the derived design spectrum related
to soil type ZE- regardless of the depth change - is conservative for all periods except the high rise buildings as well as the buildings
that do not require advanced performance evaluations such as new designed reinforced concrete buildings, precast concrete buildings
and steel buildings
Ecosystem services studies in Turkey: A national-scale review
No full textThe concept of “Ecosystem Services (ES)” has gained global importance since the 1990s. Today its link to sustainable development and human welfare is well documented. However, the level of know-how and the scale and effectiveness of practices differ significantly around the globe. The Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) National Network of Turkey aims to fill gaps in ES research and foster collaboration among experts in the public and academic sectors and non-governmental organizations. Therefore, a comprehensive review of ES studies was carried out with rigorous literature research. The review of 247 publications showed that ES research has advanced in the last two decades principally as a result of academia's impetus but increasing efforts in the science-policy interface have also supported its integration into diverse policy sectors. Among all ES, regulating ES were studied more intensely due to the growing effects of climate change on leading economic sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and water management. Monetary valuation and trade-off knowledge have remained low, based on the difficulties in data availability and assessment methods. Although protected areas are critical to biodiversity conservation, the ES concept has not been integrated into protected area management. Therefore, the ES knowledge in Turkey needs to be scaled up to cover the national level, with higher stakeholder engagement and more focused implementation driven by political will
Counter attack of Sufi-oriented traditional movements against the salafi movement in England
Full text linkİngiltere’deki azınlık topluluklar arasında en fazla nüfusa sahip olan Müslüman toplumun kendi içinde mezhebi
unsurların etkin olduğu bir gerçekliktir. Son çeyrek yüzyılda özellikle küresel çapta adından sıklıkla bahsettiren
Selefilik hareketinin İngiltere’de yaşayan Müslümanlar üzerine etki ettiği bilinmektedir. Temel hedefleri arasında inanç ve ibadetler açısından standart bir Müslüman yapısı oluşturmak isteyen Selefilik hareketi, özellikle
İngiltere’de dünyaya gelmiş genç Müslümanları hedef kitlesi olarak görmekte ve onları kendi saflarına dâhil
etmek için bir gayret sarf etmektedir. Diğer taraftan karşısında geleneksel din anlayışını korumak isteyen Barelvî ve Deobandî gibi Hint-alt kıtası kökenli Sûfî eğilimli akımlar da Selefilik akımının karşısına çıkıp onların radikal olarak adlandırılabilecek anlayış ve uygulamalarını eleştirmektedir. Bu makalede İngiltere’de İslâm’ı temsil
etme noktasında Selefilik hareketinin faaliyetleri ile geleneksel din anlayışını muhafaza etmek isteyen Sûfî eğilimli hareketlerin karşı atakları incelenecektir.It is a fact that the sectarian elements are effective in the Muslim community, which has the largest population
among the minorities in England. It is known that he Salafi movement, which has gained a global reputation in
the last quarter century, has had an impact on Muslims living in England. The Salafi movement, which wants to
create a standard Muslim structure in terms of belief and worship among its main goals, sees young Muslims
born in England as its target audience and makes an effort to include them in its ranks. On the other hand, Sufi
tendencies of Indo-subcontinent origin such as Barelvi and Deobandi, who want to preserve the traditional
understanding of religion against them, also oppose the Salafi movement and criticize their understanding
and practices that can be called radical. In this article, the activities of the Salafi movement at the point of
representing Islam in England and the counter-attacks of the Sufi-oriented movements that want to preserve
the traditional understanding of religion will be examined
Photophysical, photochemical properties of chalcone substituted Zinc(II) and Magnesium(II) metallophthalocyanines bearing thiophene units
No full textThe novel thiophene-chalcone compound (2), phthalonitrile derivatives bearing thiophene-chalcone group (3 and 4) and
their zinc (II) (ZnPcs) (3a and 4a) and magnesium (II) (MgPcs) (3b and 4b) phthalocyanine compounds were synthesized
in this study. The structure of all these new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques like IR, 1 H NMR,
13 C NMR (for compounds 2, 3 and 4), MALDI–TOF mass and UV-Vis. The fuorescence quantum yields and lifetimes
(photophysical properties), and the singlet oxygen and photodegradation quantum yields (photochemical properties) of
thiophene bearing chalcone substituted ZnPcs (3a and 4a) and MgPcs (3b and 4b) were studied in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) to determine if they are convenient photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications
Earthquake statistical parameters analysis and regional variations of march 02, 2017 Adıyaman-Samsat earthquake (ml = 5.7) by using its aftershocks
Full text linkBu çalışmada 02 Mart 2017 Adıyaman-Samsat Depremi (Ml=5.7) sonrasında meydana gelen artçı sarsıntılar kullanılarak b-değeri ve
artçı deprem azalım parametresi p-değerinin istatistiksel analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kandilli Rasathanesi ve Deprem Araştırma
Enstitüsü (KOERI) ile Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) kataloglarından derlenmiş 1345 artçı şok, yerel büyüklük Ml'ye
göre derlenmiştir. Sonrasında, kayan pencereleme yöntemi ile tamlık magnitüdü Mc=1.6 elde edilmiş, en büyük olasılık yöntemi
kullanılarak tüm bölge için ortalama b-değeri 0.768±0.03 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu değer, tektonik depremlerde b için beklenen 1'e
yakındır ve Gutenberg-Richter bağıntısı ile uyumludur. Geliştirilmiş Omori yasası ile tüm bölge için p=0.91±0.05 c=0.041±0.030 ve
K=25.6±3.21 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kabuk heterojenitesi, ısı akısı ve tektonik deformasyonla ilgili olabileceği düşünülen p-değerinin
1'den küçük olması artçı şok azalım oranının nispeten yavaş olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. b- ve p-parametrelerinin bölgesel değişim
haritaları 0.01
O x 0.01
O grid aralığı ve her düğüm noktasına 450 deprem alınarak hazırlanmıştır. b-değeri 02 Mart 2017 (Ml=5.7)
depreminin kuzeydoğu-güneybatı hattında yüksek ve bu depremin güney-güneydoğusunda düşük değer almıştır. Düşük b-değerinin
yanında bölgede 24 Nisan 2018 (Ml=5.4) depreminin meydana gelmesi, bölgesel gerilmenin arttığının habercisi olabilir. p-değerinin
bölgesel değişimi incelendiğinde, yüksek p-değeri Adıyaman-Samsat depreminin kuzey-kuzeydoğusundadır ve literatürde verilen
InSAR haritasındaki deformasyon bölgesi ile hemen hemen uyumludur.In this study, using the aftershocks that occurred after the March 02, 2017 Adıyaman-Samsat Earthquake (Ml = 5.7) statistical analyzes
of b-value and aftershock decay parameter p-value were performed. 1345 aftershocks compiled from the catalogs of the Kandilli
Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) and the Disaster & Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) were
homogenized according to the local magnitude Ml. Afterwards, the completeness magnitude Mc=1.6 was obtained with the moving
time window approach and using maximum likelihood method, b-value was calculated as 0.768±0.03 for the whole region. This value
is close to the expected 1 for b for tectonic earthquakes and is consistent with the Gutenberg-Richter relation. With modified Omori's
Law p=0.91±0.05, c=0.041±0.030 and K=25.6±3.21 were calculated for the entire region. The p-value, which is thought to be related
to crustal heterogeneity, heat flux and tectonic deformation, is less than 1, reflecting the relatively slow aftershock decay rate. Regional
variation maps of b- and p-parameters were prepared by taking 450 earthquakes at each node point with 0.01O x 0.01O grid interval.
The b-value was high in the northeast-southwest line of the March 02, 2017 (Ml=5.7) earthquake and low in the south-southeast of
this earthquake. Besides the low b-value, the occurrence of the 24 April 2018 (Ml=5.4) earthquake in the region may foreshadow the
increase in regional stress. Examining the regional variation of the p-value, the high p-value is in the north-northeast of the AdıyamanSamsat earthquake and is almost consistent with the deformation region on the InSAR map given in literature
İslam dinindeki temel kavramların Osmanlı dönemi türbe mimarisine yansımaları
Full text linkIn architecture, there are some factors that we cannot define, see, or feel, but whose effect on the formation we can guess. The main purpose of this study is to reveal and interpret these factors through the tombs, which is one of the religious architectural building types. In the study, based on the assumption that religious concepts affect architecture and that religious concepts are a language, it is aimed to determine the reflections of the basic concepts in the religion of Islam on the formation of religious architecture or by another definition, based on the verses in the Qur'ān. In this context, within the scope of the study, five of the tombs designed by Mimar Sinan belonging to the Classical Ottoman Period in Turkey were examined. In the introduction part of the study, general information about Islamic art was included. In the material and method part; in order to evaluate the tombs through religious concepts, it is explained that semiotics is used in the study, and how the concepts and principles are determined in the semantic and syntactic dimensions of semiotics in the context of the study. The analysis part of the study was carried out under two headings, semantic and syntactic. In the study of the semantic dimension, 11 concepts such as wahdāniyyat (oneness), beqā (everlasting), power, the hereafter, the world, beauty, justice, trust, humility, frugality, privacy were discussed among the basic concepts in the Islamic religion. Examination of the syntactic dimension; it is made under the basic design principles (symmetry, dominance, rhythm, balance, contrast, coram, conformity, unity). The semantic and syntactic dimension analyses were made on the plans, sections and appearances, and interior and exterior photographs of 5 tomb buildings selected from the province of Istanbul, and they were interpreted and examined. In the conclusion section, the concepts that emerged in the examined examples and the sub-concepts of these concepts and the values they add to the architecture are presented, and suggestions are made on the subject.Mimaride, biçimlenmedeki etkisini tanımlayamadığımız, göremediğimiz, hissedemediğimiz,
ama var olduğunu tahmin ettiğimiz bazı faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörleri dini mimari yapı
türlerinden biri olan türbeler üzerinden ortaya çıkarmak ve yorumlamak bu çalışmanın temel
amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, dini kavramların mimariyi etkilediği, dini kavramların bir dili
olduğu varsayımından yola çıkılmış ve Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki ayetlere dayalı olarak İslam dinindeki
temel kavramların, dini mimarideki yansımaları ya da başka bir tanımla biçimlenmeye etkisinin
belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında Türkiye’de Klasik Osmanlı Dönemine
ait Mimar Sinan tarafından tasarlanmış türbelerden beşi incelenmeye alınmıştır. Çalışmanın giriş
bölümünde İslam sanatı hakkında genel bilgiler yer almış, materyal ve metot bölümünde; türbeleri
dini kavramlar üzerinden değerlendirebilmek için çalışmada göstergebilimden faydalanıldığı,
çalışma bağlamında göstergebilimin anlamsal ve dizimsel boyutlarında kavramlar ve ilkelerin nasıl
belirlendiği anlatılmıştır. Çalışmanın irdelemeler bölümü, anlamsal ve dizimsel olarak iki başlıkta
yürütülmüştür. Anlamsal boyutun irdelenmesinde, İslam dinindeki temel kavramlardan vahdaniyet,
beka, kudret, ahiret, dünya, güzellik, adalet, tevekkül, tevazu, tutumluluk, mahremiyet olmak üzere
11 kavram ele alınmıştır. Dizimsel boyutunun irdelenmesi; temel tasar ilkeleri (simetri, egemenlik,
ritim, denge, zıtlık, koram, uygunluk, birlik) altında yapılmıştır. İstanbul ilinden seçilen 5 türbe
binasının plan, kesit ve görünüşleri ile iç ve dış fotoğrafları üzerinden anlamsal ve dizimsel boyut
analizleri yapılmış, yorumlanarak irdelenmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde; incelenen örneklerde ortaya çıkan
kavramlar ve bu kavramlara ait alt kavramlar ve bunların mimariye kattığı değerler sunulmakta,
konuyla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmaktadır
On the Unit-Chen distribution with associated quantile regression and applications
No full textIn this paper, a new distribution defined on (0, 1) is introduced. It is obtained by the transformation of a positive random variable following the Chen distribution with respect to the inverted exponential function. Basic distributional properties of the newly defined distribution are studied. Then, as a statistical model, we examine different methods of estimation for related parameters. We assess the performance of the obtained estimators by a complete simulation study. Subsequently, the quantile regression model based on the proposed distribution is introduced. Applications of the proposed models to real data sets show that they have better modeling capabilities than fair competitors. © 2022 Mathematical Institute Slovak Academy of Sciences
Online learning satisfaction and internet addiction during Covid-19 Pandemic: a two-wave longitudinal study
Full text linkStay-at-home orders and quarantines have not only shifted traditional face-to-face learning to online learning, but have also led to greatly increased consumption of digital devices during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Thus, many students who were new to online learning were forced into a new environment. The purpose of this two-wave longitudinal study is to investigate the effects of internet addiction on online students' learning satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of two hundred and forty-nine undergraduate-level students from 51 of the 81 cities in Turkey completed an online questionnaire. The data used cross-lagged structural equation modeling. The results indicated that internet addiction at Time 1 decreased online students' learning satisfaction at Time 2. The results also revealed that online students' learning satisfaction (Time 1) did not affect internet addiction (Time 2). It is concluded that internet-addicted students had lower learning satisfaction in online learning environments. Thus, it is essential for institutions to provide effective online instruction, psychological coping tools, and social and behavioral support, which may help reduce internet addiction and minimize its negative impacts on online learning environments during the pandemic
Student and school-level factors to predict science literacy for two top-performing countries in PISA 2015: Finland and Singapore
No full textFinland and Singapore are both top-performing countries in international assessments such as PISA. Finland has been consistently one of the high-achievers regarding not only students’ literacy levels but also educational equity. Similarly, Singapore has continuously shown outstanding performance in PISA. It outperformed all the other participants in all three literacy domains in PISA 2015. We believe exploring the factors affecting students’ science literacy in these two top-performing countries will provide the low-performing countries with a useful guideline. In this regard, we aim to build models including the student and school-level factors associated with the students’ science literacy in Finland and Singapore using PISA 2015 data. We conduct Hierarchical Linear Modeling to create these models. The sample includes 5882 students in Finland and 6115 students in Singapore. The resulting models explain about 43% and 40% of the within-school variance while they explain 62% and 71% of the between-school variance in science literacy in Finland and Singapore respectively. At the student level, students’ enjoyment and interest in science are the most influential predictors of science literacy while at the school level, schools’ economic, social, and cultural status is by far the most powerful predictor of science literacy in both Finland and Singapore
Insecticidal effects of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on Pristiphora abietina larvae
No full textToday, Pristiphora abietina is known worldwide as an essential forest pest damaging spruce needles. Essential oils are of increasing interest because of the increased risk of chemical contamination with synthetic pesticides to control pests. The chemical constituents of essential oils of flowers and leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis were produced with steam distillation in Clevenger apparatus in this study. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to analyse the oil and to identify 38 components that represent 99.80 % of the total oil, with alpha-Pinene (27.02%), 1.8-Cineole (25.1%), Camphor (13.11%), Borneol (6.43%), and Linalool (4.27%). The essential oil of R. officinalis was applied with as 10, 15, and 20 mu L/petri to determine the larvicidal efficacy and Lethal Dose (LD) toxicity of R. officinalis essential oil on P. abietina larvae in the laboratory. Deaths were observed at different proportions at R. officinalis essential oil applications at 10, 15, and 20 mu L/Petri doses at 24th, 48th, 72nd and 96th hours on four instar larvae of P. abietina (38.3-100%). According to LD50 and LD90 values, the highest toxicity was found as L1 (0.63 mu l/larvae), and the lowest toxicity was found as L4 (10.94 mu l/ larvae). As a result, rosemary essential oil showed high toxicity against L-1 and L-2 instar larvae of P. abietina