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Stand structure and spatial distribution of trees at different developmental stages and stand layers in mixed stands in Artvin region, Turkey
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to determine the stand structure and spatial distribution patterns in
rare mixed stands of Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Caucasian
fir (Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach. subsp. nordmanniana). The study was conducted in Ovacik Forests
of Artvin, Turkey in 2016. To evaluate stand structure, the distribution of tree species was determined
according to developmental stage (seedling- thicket stage; sapling- pole stage; small wood stage; medium
- large wood stage) and vertical structure (overstory, middlestory and understory). Spatial distribution of
trees was analyzed using Ripley’s K function in ArcGIS. Results showed that all three species contributed
to the mixed stand. Caucasian fir dominated in in all plots and plots had a layered structure. Spatial analyses
revealed that all trees showed clumped distributions (p<0.01) at smaller scales. Scots pine and Caucasian
fir mostly showed random distribution whereas Oriental spruce showed a clumped distribution at 0–7 m
scales. Each of the tree species at the medium wood developmental stage showed random distributions at
all scales. Clumped distribution was observed in the middle and understory while trees in the overstory
layer were randomly distribute
Is procedural knowledge of recycling correlated with socioeconomic status and residential area?
Get PDFAim of the present research is to reveal correlation between
procedural knowledge of recycling and socioeconomic status
of the primary school children. The present research was
designed in correlational research, one of the quantitative
research tradition. Data were analyzed through SpearmanBrown Rank Order and multiple regression. Results of the data
analysis indicated that procedural knowledge of recycling is
positively correlated with maternal education, maternal
employment, and residential area rather than paternal education and paternal employment. Regression model strongly fitted into observed data. Regression model also revealed that
maternal education, maternal employment and residential
area can predict procedural knowledge of recycling among
primary school children. Results of the study were discussed
along with social learning theory, social capital and relevant literature
Effects of different germination medium and seed gathering time on Red Lime (Tilia rubra DC. subsp. caucasica) seed germination
Get PDFÇalışma kapsamında Kafkas ıhlamuru (Tilia rubra DC. subsp. caucasica ) türünün Karadeniz Teknik
Üniversitesi kampüsü içerisinde yer alan üç farklı ağaçtan toplanan tohumları kullanılmıştır. Tohumlar
iki farklı tarihte (15 Ağustos 2017 ve 5 Eylül 2017) toplanıp herhangi bir ön işleme tabi tutulmaksızın
aynı gün içerisinde ekilmiştir. Ekim ortamı olarak dere kumu ve orman toprağı karışımı (1:2)
kullanılmıştır. Sera ve açık alanda oluşturulan ekim yastıklarında ekimler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açık
alanda yapılan ekimlerde gölgeleme yapılan ve yapılmayan deneme parselleri oluşturulmuştur.
Çalışma kapsamında en iyi çimlenme yüzdesi % 59.0 ile 5 Eylül döneminde toplanan tohumlardan açık
alanda gölgeleme yapılan ekim yastıklarında elde edilmiştir. En yüksek çimlenme hızı ise Ağustos
döneminde, 1 ve 2 no’lu ağaçtan toplanan tohumlarda, açık alanda gölgeleme yapılmayan ekim
ortamında 36 gün olarak elde edilmiştir.Red lime (Tilia rubra DC. subsp. caucasica) seeds which were gathered from three different trees
located in the Karadeniz Technical University campus were used as a material in this study. Seeds were
gathered at two different times (15 August 2017 and 5 September 2017) and sowing was done in the
same day without any pre-treatment. A mixture of river sand and forest soil (1:2) was used in
germination medium. Three different germination medium (green house, open environment and
open environment with shade effect) were used for obtaining germination characteristics. Obtained
results showed that best germination percentage occurred in the outside germination medium with
shade effect as 59.0% in seeds which were gathered from the tree 1 in September. However, the best
germination speed was obtained as 36 days under the outside environment conditions in seeds
gathered from the trees 1 and 2 in August
Trophic state and limiting nutrient evaluations using trophic state/level index methods: a case study of Borcka Dam Lake
No full textThe relationships between nutrients and the trophic state of Borcka dam reservoir in the Coruh River Basin, which is located in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, were evaluated using the trophic state index (TSI), trophic level index (TLI), and statistical analysis. The samples data were analyzed for chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and secchi disk (SD). In the evaluation, according to the TSI, TLI and Turkish legislation, the reservoir is assessed as mesotrophic in terms of TP, TN data of the water quality. The measurement results of these parameters are higher at the depth points and lower on the surface. The Chl-a parameter is evaluated mesotrophic with 2013 data at the depth, and oligotrophic with 2016 data. The result of TSI (Chl-a) < TSI (SD), TSI (Chl-a) < TSI (TP), and TSI (TN) indicate non-algal turbidity. At the same time, this was verified by calculating the non-algal turbidity coefficient (Kna). It is observed that there is a low correlation between Chl-a and Kna, however a low correlation with TN, and a high correlation with TP. Non-algal particles in the dam lake may occur due to surface runoff and soil erosion from the agricultural area and human settlements. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between nutrients and Chl-a. The relationship of Chl-a concentration with TN, TP, and TN/TP concentrations is weak. This supports that there are inorganic suspended solids (non-volatile suspended solids) with high underwater light availability
Reading comprehension interventions for students with intellectual disability: A systematic literature review
Get PDFThe purpose of this literature review was to examine the characteristics of reading comprehension interventions
implemented for students with intellectual disability (ID). Electronic databases were searched to identify reading
comprehension studies published between 2006 and 2019. A total of 13 emprical studies fit the inclusion criteria.
109 students with ID participated in the studies. Results showed that students with ID were able to develop
effective reading comprehension skills after interventions. This literature review highlights strategies and materials
used to teach reading comprehension skills to students with ID. Limitations along with implications for future
research were provided
Liveability classification of countries in terms of children via Topsis-sort
Get PDFAvrasya University Faculty Of Economics And Administrative Sciences International Online Conference On Social Scıiences Researches 10-11 December 2020Geleceği şekillendirecek çocukların, farklı yapılara sahip coğrafyalarda birbirinden derin farklılıklar içeren
şartlar altında yaşadığı tartışılmaz bir gerçektir. Bu çalışmada, ülkelerin on beş kriter bağlamında çocuklara
sağladıkları imkan ve şartlar açısından sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için veriler
UNICEF veri tabanından temin edilmiş, analizler ise çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden TOPSIS-SORT ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ülkelerin yaşanabilirlik açısından en yüksek düzeyden en düşük düzeye doğru beş sınıfta
gruplandırılması amacıyla sınıf profillerinin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu noktada, kriterlerin değişim aralığı
değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Sınıflandırmada kullanılan kriterler arasında 18 yaş altı nüfusun toplam nüfusa
oranı, doğumda yaşam beklentisi, 0-14 yaş ölümler, gebelikte anne ölüm oranı, aşı ve hastalık bakım oranları
ortalaması, düşük ağırlıklı çocuk doğum oranı, okul öncesi çağındaki çocuklar arasında yetersiz beslenme,
çocuklarda evlilik oranı, doğum kayıtı, kişi başına GSYİH, en alt düzeyde temizlik hizmetlerine erişim, aşırı
zayıflık, aşırı kiloluluk, kamu harcamaları içinde sağlığın payı yer almaktadır. Yüksek yaşanabilirlik sınıfı içinde
İsviçre, Norveç ve Lüksemburg’un da aralarında bulunduğu otuz iki ülke yer almaktadır. Türkiye, Portekiz, Katar
gibi ülkeleri içeren ikinci sınıf (orta-yüksek) içinde elli ülke bulunmaktadır. Üçüncü (orta) sınıf içinde kırk dokuz,
dördüncü (düşük-orta) sınıfta on bir ve çoğunluğunu Afrika kıtasından ülkelerin oluşturduğu son sınıf olan beşinci
(düşük) sınıfta kırk bir ülke yer almaktadır. Genel olarak, ekonomik yönden refah düzeyi yüksek ülkelerin
çocuklara daha fazla imkân sağlayabildiği görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, görece olarak yüksek ekonomik refah
düzeyine sahip olmasa da bazı ülkelerin, çocuklara iyi imkânlar sağlamaya çalıştığı tespit edilmiştir. İlk iki sınıf
içinde hiçbir Afrika ülkesi bulunmamaktadır. Bunun nedeni Afrika ülkelerinde iç karışıklık ve çatışmaların sıklıkla
görülmesi olabilir. Öte yandan, son yıllarda sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyüme sağlayan Hindistan’ın bu başarısını
aynı ölçüde çocuklar için yaşanabilir çevre sağlamaya taşıyamadığı görülmüştür.It is an unquestionable fact that children who will shape the future life or try to live in geographies with different
structures under conditions that contain great differences from each other. In this study, it is aimed to classify
countries in terms of the opportunities and conditions they provide to children in the context of fifteen criteria. In order to achieve this goal, the data were obtained from the UNICEF database, and the analyzes were carried out
with TOPSIS-SORT, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. Class profiles should be determined to
group countries into five classes from the highest to the lowest in terms of child livability. At this point, the range
values of the criteria were used. The ratio of the population under the age of 18 to the total population, life
expectancy at birth, number of deaths among children aged 0-14, maternal mortality ratio, average vaccination,
and disease care rates, low-weight childbirth rate, malnutrition among preschool children, child marriage, birth
registration, GDP per capita, access to basic sanitation services, thinness, overweight, health share in government
expenditure are among the criteria used in classification. Thirty-two countries, including Switzerland, Norway,
and Luxembourg, are among the countries in the high livability class. Turkey is located in medium-high countries,
including second-class countries like Qatar and Portugal. There are forty-nine countries in the third (middle)
class, eleven in the fourth (low-middle) class, and forty-one in the fifth (low) class, which is the last class, the
majority of which are countries from the African continent. In general, it has been observed that economically
prosperous countries can provide more opportunities for children. However, some countries have been found to
try to provide good opportunities for children, even though they do not have a relatively high level of economic
welfare. The first two classes do not include any African country. The reason for this, internal turmoil and conflicts
are widely seen in African countries. On the other hand, it has been observed that India, which has achieved
sustainable economic growth in recent years, cannot carry this success to provide a livable environment for
children
Türkiye'de tıbbi bitkilerin korunmasına genel bakış
Get PDFMedicinal plants are a special area that needs to be evaluated with different parameters than the
general biodiversity threatening due to intense collection pressure.
In the study, Turkey's plant diversity, requirements and strategies for sustainable use of Turkish
medicinal plants, criticizing and planning of data for the protection of medicinal plants have been
evaluated using standards of the Guidelines on the Conservation of Medicinal Plants by WHO, IUCN,
WWF and Traffic. In addition, the richness of traditional medicinal plant uses in Turkey, the concept,
and usage potentials, administrative requirements for the protection, creation of the in situ and ex
situ conservation areas and recommendations for the future have been presented.Tıbbi bitkiler yoğun bir toplama baskısı nedeniyle genel biyoçeşitlilik üzerindeki baskıdan daha farklı
parametrelerle değerlendirilmesi gereken bir alandır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’nin bitki zenginliği, tıbbi bitki
olarak kullanılan bitkilerin sürdürülebilir kullanımı için gereksinimler ve stratejiler, verilerin ve tıbbi
bitkilerin korunmasına yönelik planlamalar, WHO, IUCN, WWF ve Traffic tarafından hazırlanmış Tıbbi
Bitkileri Koruma Kılavuzu’na göre değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca Türkiye’nin geleneksel tıbbi bitki kullanım
zenginliği, tıbbi bitki kavramı ve kullanım potansiyeli, korumaya yönelik yönetimsel gereksinimler, in
situ ve ex situ koruma alanlarının oluşturulması ve geleceğe yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur
Bezlü’l-mâʿûn fî fadli’t-tâʿûn adlı eser çerçevesinde veba hastalığı
Get PDFMuhaddislerin yoğunlaştığı alanlardan birisi de tıbb-ı nebevîdir. Tarihi süreç içerisinde Hz.
Peygamber (s.a.v.)’den sağlık, hastalık gibi konularda sadır olan hadisleri inceleyen birçok eser kaleme
alınmıştır. Bu eserlerden birisi de İbn Hacer el-Askalanî (ö. 852/1449)’ye ait olan Bezlü’l-mâʿûn fî fadli’t-tâʿûn
adlı eserdir. Üç kızını da bu hastalık sebebiyle kaybeden İbn Hacer, tâʿûn hakkındaki hadislerin
toplanmasını talep eden kimselere cevaben bu eseri yazdığını dile getirmiştir.
Tâ’ûn kelimesi, dilimizde veba olarak adlandırılan hastalığı ifade etmektedir. Arapçadaki veba
kelimesi ise İbn Hacer’e göre şemsiye bir kavram olup bütün bulaşıcı hastalıklar için kullanılmaktadır. O,
söz konusu hastalıkla ilgili hadisleri eserinde derlemiş, yer yer onların tahriç ve sıhhat tartışmalarını da
yapmıştır. İbn Hacer, veba hastalığından kaynaklanan ölümün Müslümanlar için şehadet vesilesi olurken,
kâfirler için azap anlamına geleceği, Hz. Peygamber (s.a.v.)’in hadisleri çerçevesinde karantina
uygulanması, sair durumlarda olduğu gibi hastalıklar karşısında dua etmenin meşruiyeti, veba
hastalığının kaldırılması için yapılacak dua gibi başlıklarla eserini detaylandırmıştır. Bulaşıcı hastalıkların
son bulmaması, hatta içinde bulunduğumuz zaman diliminde dünyayı kasıp kavuran Kovid -19 salgını,
söz konusu eserin aktüel değerini daha da artırmıştır
A new gluten-free product: Brown rice bulgur, and its physical and chemical properties
Get PDFIn this research, a new alternative food product, defined as brown rice bulgur (BRB), rich in functional components compared to white rice and cooked in a short time compared to brown rice was developed for society especially individuals with gluten intolerance and celiac disease. BRB was produced with two different methods as boiling (BRB-B) and steaming (BRB-S). The cooking time of raw brown rice decreased from 30 to 9 min in BRB samples. The phytic acid content of BRB samples decreased by about 15% and enzyme resistant starch content of BRB-B and BRB-S samples increased by about 9% and 21% compared to brown rice, respectively. The produced BRB samples were in the medium GI food group. In conclusion, it was evaluated that the newly developed BRB is superior than brown rice, white rice, and wheat bulgur in terms of short cooking time, lower GI, and being gluten-free, respectively. Practical applications: In this study, brown rice bulgur has been produced from brown rice, unpreferable by consumers due to its long cooking time, hard texture, and dark color, with wheat bulgur production method. This new food product includes the advantages of wheat bulgur such as resistivity to insect and mold activity because of applied high-temperature thermal process and drying process, but do not include the disadvantages of brown rice such as long cooking time. Additionally, it could be attention to some consumers because of being a new gluten-free product. The obtained data can help diversify this product in the food industry
Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus modulate SIRT1, Caspase3 and Bcl-2 in the testes of high-fructose-fed rats
Get PDFBackground and Aims: The influence of a high-fructose diet and probiotics on the male reproductive system and the testicular apoptotic pathway has been poorly documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of Lactobacillus
plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus supplementation on apoptotic factors such as sirtuin1, caspase3 and bcl-2 on the
testicular tissue of high-fructose-fed rats.
Methods: Fructose was given to the rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Gene expressions were established
by real-time PCR. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis.
Results: Fructose consumption did not change mRNA expression of SIRT1, but did resulted in a decreased protein level.
Dietary fructose reduced bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions, whereas no changes were observed in the gene and protein expression levels of factor caspase-3. Both Lactobacillus supplementations increased SIRT1 protein expression without
changing the mRNA levels in fructose-fed rats. The supplementations with both probiotics produced a significant downregulation on caspase3 mRNA and protein levels. Bcl-2 proetin level increases with both probiotics supplementation while,
mRNA level did not show difference in L.plantarum, but increased in L. helveticus supplementation.
Conclusion: Treatments with L.plantarum and L.helveticus can reduce testicular apoptosis induced by dietary high-fructose
in rats via suppressing caspase3 and promoting sirt1 and bcl-2 protein expressions