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Discourse and educational functions of students’ and teachers’ code-switching in EFL classrooms in Turkey
No full textCode-switching (CS) is frequently used in English as a Foreign Language classrooms (EFL) serving different discourse and educational functions. This paper reports on a case study investigating the forms and functions of code-switching used by the students and the teachers in EFL classrooms in a Turkish university, where the language of instruction was English. Data were gathered from two advanced classes, two pre-intermediate classes and one intermediate class through video-recordings. The data obtained from these recordings were transcribed and analysed using the transcription software EXMARaLDA. The results suggest that the most frequent form of code-switching was observed to be using discourse markers. Both the teachers and students used code-switching in the classes for educational and communicative reasons, in particular, to achieve better communication, to deliver content, and to deal with classroom management problems. Implications of the findings for educators and language learning contexts are also discussed
The type I quasi lambert family: properties, characterizations and different estimation methods
Get PDFA new G family of probability distributions called the type I quasi Lambert family is defined and applied for
modeling real lifetime data. Some new bivariate type G families using "Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula",
"modified Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula", "Clayton copula" and "Renyi's entropy copula" are derived. Three
characterizations of the new family are presented. Some of its statistical properties are derived and studied. The
maximum likelihood estimation, maximum product spacing estimation, least squares estimation, Anderson-Darling
estimation and Cramer-von Mises estimation methods are used for estimating the unknown parameters. Graphical
assessments under the five different estimation methods are introduced. Based on these assessments, all estimation
methods perform well. Finally, an application to illustrate the importance and flexibility of the new family is
propose
The prevalence of pandemic anxiety, anxiety and depression during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey
Get PDFBackground: This prevalence study involved participants from various cities in Turkey was conducted in April 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic in Turkey, with a view to evaluate the pandemic-related anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression in the society.
Method: The study was conducted with 1267 people in more than 70 cities in Turkey. The study data were obtained by means of online data collection forms, due to the risks posed by the contagious COVID-19 disease in face to face interviews. The Demographic Properties Form, the Utkan Pandemic Anxiety (UPA) scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI-PC) were utilized as data collection tools.
Results: The average value for the UPA scale for the sample was calculated as 10.5 +/- 0.257 points, for the GAD-7 scale as 5.5 +/- 0.153 points, and for the BDI-PC as 3.8 +/- 0.095 points. The cut-off threshold for the UPA scale was exceeded by 34%, for the GAD-7 scale by 25.7%, and for the BDI-PC by 30.9% of the sample.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of pandemic-related anxiety in the community was high, that the level of generalized anxiety and depression had increased in comparison to pre-pandemic times, and that women had a higher risk of pandemic-related anxiety, generalized anxiety, and depression, because they were a group at risk, and also due to the effect of media surveillance and reports
Gm/IDtransistör boyutlandirma tekniǧi kullanarak evirici tabanli OTA tasarimi
No full textIn this paper, transistor sizing of the inverter-based
operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), which has been
widely used in circuit applications recently, has been implemented
with the gm-ID technique. Especially, considering the unit gain
bandwidth, this design parameter is optmized with this technique.
The proposed inverter-based OTA gain is 25dB, and the unity
gain bandwidth value is 4.82 MHz, which is the simulation result,
and 4.77 MHz, which is the calculated value. The simulated unit
gain bandwidth frequency value, in particular, agrees with the
measured value.Bu yayında, son zamanlarda devre uygulamalarında genisçe yer bulan evirici tabanlı operasyonel geciş iletkenliği kuvvetlendirici devresinin, gm-ID tekniğiyle transistor
boyutlandırılması gerçeklenmiştir. Özellikle, birim kazanç bant genişliği tasarım parametresi bu teknikle optimize edilmiştir. Simulasyon sonuçlarına göre, amaçlanan evirici tabanlı OTA kazancı 25dB’dir ve birim kazanç bant genişliği ise 4.82 MHz simulasyon de geri olarak ve 4.77 MHz hesaplanan değer olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, birim kazanç¸ bant genişliği parametre belirlenmesinde ki uygulanan methodun etkinliğini göstermektedir
Classical and Bayesian estimation of multicomponent stress–strength reliability for exponentiated Pareto distribution
No full textThis study deals with the classical and Bayesian estimation of reliability in a multicomponent stress–strength model by assuming that both stress and strength variables follow exponentiated Pareto distribution. First, the maximum likelihood method is used to estimate reliability. The asymptotic confidence interval is constructed. We also propose two bootstrap confidence intervals. Next, the Bayesian estimates of reliability are obtained using Lindley’s approximation, Tierney–Kadane approximation and the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method since there are no explicit forms. The MCMC method is used to construct the Bayesian credible interval. A Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to compare the performance of the corresponding methods. Finally, the hydrological data set is analyzed in the application part
Investigation of the operations of open pit ıron mineralization for acid mine drainage (Adana/Saimbeyli)
Get PDFBu çalışma, Adana İli, Saimbeyli İlçesi, Kaburluk Mevkiinde bulunan demir cevherleşmesinin Asit Maden Drenajı (AMD) oluşumuna
yönelik kestirimlerin araştırılması hakkında arazi ve laboratuvar çalışmalarını ve Asit Üretme Potansiyeli (AÜP), Nötürleştirme
Potansiyeli (NP) ile ilgili statik testleri içermektedir. Bölgedeki demir cevheri oluşumu Üst Devoniyen şeyl kumtaşı-kireçtaşı
ardalanmasının tabanında Orta Devoniyen dolomitik kireçtaşları içerisinde bir kapanda yerleşmiştir. Araziden alınan cevher ve yan
kayaç örnekleri üzerinde jeokimyasal ve statik testler kapsamında XRF, XRD, toplam S (toplam kükürt), NP (Nötralizasyon
potansiyeli), AÜP (Asit Üretim Potansiyeli), Çamur pH, fışırdama ölçümleri yapılmış, elde edilen verilere göre örneklerin NP, NNP
(Net nötralizasyon potansiyeli), AÜP, Nötürleşme potansiyel oranı (NPO= NP/AÜP) değerlendirilmiştir. Cevherleşmenin parajenezini
hematit, götit, siderit ve limonit, yan kayaç parajenezini ise dolomit, kalsit ve pirit mineralleri oluşturmaktadır. Yan kayaç örneklerinde
% toplam S: 0,21-0,42, NP (∑NP (kg/ton)): 289,07-478,07, AÜP sülfürik asit eşdeğerleri (kg/ton): 13,13- 26,25 tespit edilmiştir. NPO
değerleri, 11,01-31,26 aralığında hesaplanmıştır. Cevherde yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre: %toplam S: 0,03-0,09, NP (∑NP
(kg/ton)): 8,07-53,16, AÜP sülfürik asit eşdeğerleri (kg/ton):1,56-5,56 tespit edilmiştir. NPO değerleri ise 2,58-16,50 olarak
hesaplanmıştır. NPO değerlerine göre yan kayaç ve cevherli örneklerin asit üretme potansiyeli bulunmamaktadır. Ancak, maden
sahasının faaliyete geçildiği zamanlarda asit üretme potansiyel ihtimali mevcut olduğundan, kinetik testlerin bölgede maden faaliyeti
başladıktan sonra yapılması önerilmektedir.This study includes the field and laboratory studies (statics tests related to the Acid Production Potential [APP], Neutralization
Potential [NP]) to investigate the estimation for the formation of Acid Mine Drainage of an iron mineralization located in Kaburluk,
Saimbeyli District, Adana Province. An iron ore formation in the studied region is located in a trap in the dolomitic limestones of the
middle Devonian at the base of the shale sandstone-limestone sequences of the upper Devonian. X-ray Fluoresence (XRF), X-ray
Diffraction (XRD), total sulfur (S), NP, Net Neutralization Potential (NNP), Acid Production Potential (APP), mud pH and squirting
tests were carried out on the ore and other rocks samples collected from the study area within in the scope of geochemical and static
tests. The NP, Net Neutralization Potential (NNP), APP, Neutralization Potential Ratio (NPR=NP/APP) values of the samples were
evaluated based on the data obtained. The paragenesis of the mineralization was composed of hematite, gothite siderite and limonite,
while constitutes dolomite, calcite and pyrite minerals constitute the host rock. According to the results of the analysis performed on
the host rocks, % total S: 0.21-0.42, NP (∑NP (kg/ton)): 289.07-478.07, APP sulfuric acid equivalents (kg / ton): 13, 13- 26.25 were
determined. The NPR values were found to be between 11.01 -31.26. According to the results belonging to the ore samples, the
following values were calculated: % total S: 0.03-0.09, NP (∑NP (kg / ton)): 8.07-53.16, APP sulfuric acid equivalents (kg / ton):
1.56- 5.56. The NPR values of the ore sample varied 2.58 and 16.50. According to the NPR values, there was no acid producing
potential of the ore-bearing samples and host rocks. However, it is recommended that kinetics test should be performed after mining
activities start in the region as there is a potential to generate acid during conducting mining operations
Post-Neoliberalism, free market and disillusionment: Anders Lustgarten’s if you don’t let us dream, we won’t let you sleep
No full textNo Abstract Availabl
Trend analysis of historical drought during 1929-2016 in Diyarbakır station with İnnovative şen method
Get PDFBir doğal afet olarak kuraklık; su temini, hidroelektrik üretimi, tarım ve sanayi gibi çeşitli sektörleri etkilemektedir. Su kaynaklarının
etkin ve verimli kullanılması açısından, kuraklığın zamansal değişiminin belirlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır
ilindeki meteoroloji gözlem istasyonunda 1929-2016 yılları arasında ölçülmüş aylık toplam yağış verileri kullanılarak kuraklık analizi
yapılmıştır. Kuraklık analizinden önce verilerin homojenliği kontrol edilmiştir. Kuraklığın belirlenmesinde, Standartlaştırılmış Yağış
İndeksi (SYİ) yöntemi kullanılmış ve 1, 3, 6 ve 12 aylık zaman ölçeklerinde meydana gelen tarihsel kuraklık indis değerleri
belirlenmiştir. Farklı zaman ölçeklerine göre hesaplanan kuraklık indis değerlerinin trendini belirlemek için Yenilikçi Şen Yöntemi
(Innovative Trend Analysis-ITA) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada, 1, 3, 6 ve 12 aylık zaman ölçekleri için en kurak periyodlar sırasıyla 8, 18,
21 ve 53 ay olarak belirlenmiştir. 1 aylık zaman ölçeğinde (SYİ-1) kurak dönem meydana gelme oranı %40 iken, diğer zaman
ölçeklerinde bu değerin yaklaşık %50 olduğu, ayrıca üç aylık (SYİ-3), altı aylık (SYİ-6) ve 12 aylık (SYİ-12) için orta kurak ve üzeri
kuraklık meydana gelme oranının %15-16.5 arasında değiştiği görülmüştür. Yenilikçi Şen Yöntemi ile kuraklık indislerinin trendi
incelendiğinde ise, özellikle SYİ-12 için 0.8’den büyük indis değerlerinde zayıf bir azalma eğilimi, orta nemli sınıfa giren indis
değerlerinde ise %5 üzerinde bir azalma eğilimi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, SYİ-12 değerlerinde -3 ve -3’ten küçük indis değerlerinin güçlü
bir artış (%10 ve üzeri) eğilimi gösterdiği, yani aşırı kurak durumun son yıllarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir.Drought, a natural disaster, affects various sectors such as water supply, hydropower generation, agriculture, and industry. It is
important to determine temporal change of drought in order to use water resources effectively and efficiently. In this study, drought
analysis is performed using monthly total precipitation data measured between 1929-2016 at the meteorology observation station in
Diyarbakır, Turkey. A homogeneity test is also made before drought analysis. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method is
used to determine drought for 1, 3, 6 and 12 months’ time scales, and Innovative Şen Method (also known as Innovative Trend AnalysisITA) is used to identify the trend of drought indices values for different time scales. The driest periods are determined according to
time scales of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months are found as 8, 18, 21 and 53 months, respectively. While the percentage of dry periods is 40% for
the 1-month time scale (SPI-1), and about 50% for the other time scales. The percentage of droughts (sum of moderate, severe, and
extreme drought) for 3-months (SPI-3), 6-months (SPI-6) and 12-months (SPI-12) is between 15% and 16.5%. The ITA method results
show that a weak decreasing trend found on SPI-12 for indices value greater than 0.8, and a strong decreasing trend (more than 5%)
is calculated for moderate wet values. In addition, it is determined that the index values, less than -3 and -3, in SPI-12 values shows a
very strong increasing trend (more than 10%). Its means that the extreme dry situation has decreased in recent years
Positive solutions for two-point conformable fractional differential equations by monotone iterative scheme
Get PDFIn this paper, two successively iterative schemes have been provided to show
the existence of nontrivial solutions for nonlinear conformable fractional differential equation involving nonlocal boundary condition and a parameter. The iterative sequences
begin with some constant. The fractional derivative in this study is based on the newly
defined and so called ”conformable fractional derivative”. The corresponding Green’s
function that is singular at zero has been derived. Because of this singularity, the fixed
point theorem can not be applied directly, thus a sequence of operators that are completely continuous is constructed and uniform convergence of these operators to the
underlying operator is shown. Then a fixed point result on the order interval is applied.
Nontrivial solutions of the problem and the positive solutions of the problem that are
the limit of the iterative sequences constructed has been demonstrated
Different methods applied to remove pollutants from real epoxy paint wastewater: modeling using the response surface method
No full textComparing between classical and advanced methods for the treatment of industrial wastewater is extremely important to optimize factory operations and cost, and reduce the effects on environment. In the present study, some classical and advanced processes were assessed for chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, the biggest problem in the wastewater from a factory producing epoxy paints. The response surface methodology was used for optimization. While the chemical coagulation (CC) and classical Fenton (CF) processes were used as the traditional methods, the electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-Fenton (EF) processes were used as the advanced methods to treat wastewater. As a result, the highest COD removal efficiencies were obtained in EF (97.8%) and CF (88.6%), respectively. Low COD removal efficiencies (43.5% and 47.5% respectively) were achieved in coagulation-based processes (CC and EC). Operating cost for CF calculated as 2.15 €/m3. Considering in terms of treatment efficiency, sludge volume and operating cost, CF is the most suitable option for the management of epoxy paint wastewater (EPW). These results also show that Fenton-based methods provide higher removal yields for the treatment of EPW. In other words, it is stable wastewater and the presence of hydroxyl radicals is required for its successful management