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Drought analysis of Muğla city for 1960-2018 period
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı, Muğla ilinin 1960-2018 periyodundaki yağış eğilimini ve meteorolojik, tarımsal ve hidrolojik kuraklık durumunu
incelemektir. Çalışmada, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden elde edilen Muğla Meteoroloji İstasyonu’na ait 1960-2018 dönemi aylık
toplam yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Yağış verilerine Run (Swed-Eisenhart) homojenlik testi, Mann-Kendall metodu ve Standart Yağış
İndeksi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, yaşanan kuraklıkların şiddet ve süresi de incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Muğla ilinin uzun yıllar
yağış ve kuraklık eğilimleri ortaya konulmuştur. Muğla ili için yıllık toplam yağışların 1960-2018 dönemi ortalaması 1180.2 mm olarak
bulunmuştur. Çalışma döneminde en düşük yağış miktarı 2008 yılında 564.6 mm, en yüksek yağış miktarı ise 1969 yılında 1805 mm
olarak görülmüştür. Muğla ilinde hafif nemli ve hafif kurak ay sayıları diğer sınıflara göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Ayrıca, ekstrem
kurak dönem, ekstrem nemli döneme göre daha fazla gerçekleşmiştir. Muğla ilinde nemli ve kurak ay sayılarının, çoğunlukla hafif
nemli, orta nemli, hafif kurak ve orta kurak şiddet sınıflarında kümelendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca analizler, zaman periyodu arttıkça,
kuraklığın daha az tekrar ettiği ama daha uzun süreli etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Muğla istasyonunun ölçekler bazında toplam
kuraklık şiddeti ve toplam kuraklık süreleri hemen hemen benzer yıllara denk gelmiştir. Ancak, 3 aylık Standart Yağış İndeksi
periyodunda en güçlü toplam kuraklık şiddetinin -13.90 değeri ile 2006 Aralık – 2007 Eylül arasında görülmesine karşılık, yaşanan
uzun süreli (12 ay) kuraklığın 2000 Haziran – 2001 Mayıs arasında olduğu görülmüştür.The objective of this study is to investigate the meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought of Muğla city for the period of
1960-2018 as well as to analyse precipitation trend. Monthly total precipitation data for the period of 1960-2018 belonging to Muğla
meteorological station obtained from the Turkish State Meteorological Service were used in this study. Run (Swed-Eisenhart)
homogeneity test, Mann-Kendall method and Standardized Precipitation Index method were applied to precipitation data. In addition,
the severity and duration of droughts were examined. As a result, long years’ precipitation and drought trend were demonstrated for
Muğla city. The annual total precipitation for Muğla city in the period 1960-2018 was found to be 1180.2 mm. The lowest amount of
precipitation in the study period was 564.6 mm in 2008 and the highest amount of rainfall was 1805 mm in 1969. In the province of
Muğla, the number of the humid months was slightly higher than the other classes. In the province of Muğla, the numbers of the mildly
humid and moderately dry months were slightly higher than the other classes. It was seen that the numbers of humid and dry months
in Muğla province were mostly clustered in mildly humid, moderately humid, mildly dry and moderately dry classes. In addition,
analyzes show that drought is less repetitive as the time period increases, but has a longer duration effect. Total drought severity and
total drought duration of Muğla station on scales basis coincided with almost similar years. However, in the 3-monthly Standardized
Precipitation Index period, the strongest total drought intensity (-13.90) was observed between 2006 December – 2007 September,
whereas the long-term (12 months) drought occurred between 2000 June – 2001 Ma
Empowering aid personnel that respond to disasters
Get PDFTüm dünyada afetlerin yaratmış olduğu olumsuz sonuçlar gün geçtikçe artış göstermektedir. Afetler her yıl küresel düzeyde milyonlarca
insanı etkilerken ne yazık ki toplumda yaşanan eşitsizliği ve adaletsizliği de hızlandırmaktadır. Afetlerin sıklığı ve insanlar üzerine
etkisi, iklimsel değişmeler ve artan nüfus yoğunluğu sebebiyle artmış durumdadır. Günümüzde deprem, sel, kuraklık, yangınlar,
volkanik ve nükleer patlamalar, terörist saldırılar adeta sıradan olaylara dönüşmüştür. Bu doğrultuda doğal veya insan kaynaklı
afetlerin kazazede ve toplumlar üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili literatür oldukça fazladır. Afet ruh sağlığı literatüründen elde ettiğimiz
bulgular, ilk müdahaleyi yapan kurtarma ekibinin, afetlere müdahale ettikten sonra travmatik deneyimlere doğrudan ve sürekli maruz
kaldıklarından olumsuz psikolojik sonuçlar için bir risk taşıdıklarını bildirmektedir. Afetlere anında müdahale eden ve mağdurlara
yardımcı olan yardım personeli (arama kurtarma ekibi, itfaiyeci, destek grupları vb.), afet sonrasında çeşitli sorunlarla karşı karşıya
kalabilmektedir. Ancak literatürde yaşanan afetlerin bu yardım personeli üzerindeki etkileri ile ilgili çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, afet literatürü, afet ruh sağlığı ilişkisi, afetlerin genel sonuçları, afetlerin yardım personeli üzerindeki
psiko-sosyal, fiziksel ve davranışsal etkileri, bunların semptomları ve bu personele nasıl yardım edilebileceği ve güçlendirileceği
tartışılmaktadır.All over the world, the negative consequences of disasters are increasing day by day. While disasters affect millions of people globally
each year, unfortunately they also accelerate the inequality and injustice in the society. The frequency of disasters and their impact on
people has increased due to climatic changes and increasing population density. Today, earthquakes, floods, drought, fires, volcanic
and nuclear explosions, terrorist attacks have turned into ordinary events. Accordingly, the literature on the effects of natural or manmade disasters on victims and communities is abundant. Our findings from the disaster mental health literature indicate that the rescue
team that performs the first responders has a risk for negative psychological consequences as they are directly and continuously
exposed to traumatic experiences after intervening in disasters. Aid personnel (search and rescue team, firefighters, support groups,
etc.) who immediately respond to disasters and assist victims may face various problems after disaster. However, it has been determined
that the studies in the literature on the effects of disasters and disasters on these aid personnel are limited. The following study discusses
the disaster literature, the relationship of disaster mental health, the general consequences of disasters, the psycho-social, physical
and behavioral effects of disasters and disasters on aid personnel, their symptoms, and how to help and strengthen these personnel
Assessment of flood awareness and early warning systems: the case of Beşikdüzü, Trabzon
Get PDFBu çalışmada 21 Eylül 2016 tarihinde Trabzon’un Beşikdüzü İlçesinde meydana gelen ve büyük miktarda can ve mal kaybıyla
sonuçlanan taşkın, hidrolojik ve sosyal yönden incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, ilk olarak yaşanan taşkının kaç yıl tekerrür süreli taşkın
debisine karşılık geldiğini belirlemek için bölgesel taşkın frekans analizi ile T=2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 500 ve 1000 yıl tekerrür süreli
taşkın debileri hesaplanmıştır. İkinci olarak; taşkın riski farkındalığı ve erken uyarı sistemindeki ihtiyaçları belirlemek adına taşkın
olayını yaşayan bölge halkıyla anket yapılmıştır. Genel farkındalık kapsamında halkın; taşkın öncesinde, taşkın sırasında veya
sonrasında sunulan önlemlerden, stratejilerden ve uygulanan politikalardan ne kadar haberdar olduğu ölçülmüştür. Erken uyarı
farkındalığı kapsamında ise, halkın erken uyarı sistemlerinden beklentileri ve bu konudaki bilinç düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Kişinin erken
uyarı alması ya da almaması durumunda harekete geçme eğilimi ise bir olay ağacı üzerinde değerlendirilmiş olup, harekete geçmenin
bağlı olduğu faktörler incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda, erken uyarı sistemleri ilgili öneriler sunulmuştur.In this study, the flood, occurred in Beşikdüzü District, Trabzon, on 21 September 2016 and resulted in the large amount of life loss
and property, was investigated in terms of hydrological and social aspects. For this purpose, firstly, various flood discharges for
different return periods were estimated by regional flood frequency analysis in order to determine the flood quantile of the Beşikdüzü
flood. Secondly, for determining flood risk awareness and needs in the early warning system, a survey was conducted with the people
living in the region. Within the scope of general awareness, the people’s knowledge of the measures, strategies and policies
implemented before, during or after the flood, was investigated. Within the scope of early warning awareness, the expectations of the
people from early warning systems and their awareness on this issue were examined. The tendency to take action upon receiving early
warnings or not, was evaluated on an event tree, and the factors depending on taking action were examined. At the end of the study,
recommendations about early warning systems were also presented
On the arcsecant hyperbolic normal distribution. Properties, quantile regression modeling and applications
Get PDFThis work proposes a new distribution defined on the unit interval. It is obtained by a novel
transformation of a normal random variable involving the hyperbolic secant function and its inverse.
The use of such a function in distribution theory has not received much attention in the literature,
and may be of interest for theoretical and practical purposes. Basic statistical properties of the newly
defined distribution are derived, including moments, skewness, kurtosis and order statistics. For the
related model, the parametric estimation is examined through different methods. We assess the
performance of the obtained estimates by two complementary simulation studies. Also, the quantile
regression model based on the proposed distribution is introduced. Applications to three real datasets
show that the proposed models are quite competitive in comparison to well-established models
Development of socıal desirability scale: validity and reliability study
Get PDFBu çalıĢma bireylerin sosyal beğenirlik düzeylerinin belirlenebilmesine yönelik bir ölçeğin geliĢtirilmesini
amaçlamaktadır. Katılımcılar yaĢları 17 ile 45 arasında değiĢen (OrtyaĢ=21.33, Ss=2.32) 527’si kadın (%62),
325’i erkek (%38) toplamda 852 öğrenciden oluĢmaktadır. AraĢtırma kapsamında ölçek maddelerinin dil, anlam
ve kapsam geçerliği sağlanmıĢ, pilot uygulama ardından formun nihai hali 426 öğrenciye uygulanarak açımlayıcı
faktör analizi yapılmıĢtır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen faktör yapısının toplam varyansın %52.29’unu açıkladığı
belirlenmiĢtir. Iki faktörlü ve 15 maddeden oluĢan yapının doğrulayıcı faktör analizi 426 kiĢilik farklı bir
örnekleme uygulanmıĢ elde edilen sonuçlar faktörlerin yapısal uyum gösterdiğini ortaya koymuĢtur (χ2
/df= 2.50,
GFI= .93, CFI= .92, AGFI= .91, RMSEA= .06). Güvenirlik analizi için Cronbach Alpha Ġç Tutarlılık
katsayısından faydalanılmıĢtır. Analizler ölçeğin bütününün ait güvenirlik katsayısının .84, kabul görme alt
boyutunun .85 ve dikkat çekme al boyutunun .75 olduğunu göstermektedir. ÇalıĢma sonucunda, ortaya çıkan 15
maddeli ölçeğin bireylerin sosyal beğenirlik düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir
bir ölçme aracı olduğu görülmüĢtür.This study aims to develop a scale to determine the social desirability levels of individuals. Participants
consisted of a total of 852 students, ranging in age from 17 to 45 (Mage= 21.33, Sd= 2.32), 527 female (62%),
325 male (38%). Within the scope of the research, the language, meaning and content validity of the scale items
were provided. After the pre application, the final form of the scale was applied to 426 students and exploratory
factor analysis was conducted. It was determined that the factor structure obtained as a result of the analysis
explained 52.29% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis of the structure consisting of two factors
and 15 items was applied to a different sample of 426 people, and the results showed that the factors showed
structural adjustment (χ2
/df= 2.50, GFI= .93, CFI= .92, AGFI= .91, RMSEA= .06). Cronbach Alpha Internal
Consistency coefficient was used for reliability analysis. As a result of the analysis, the reliability coefficient of
the whole scale was .84, the acceptance sub-dimension was .85 and the attention-getting dimension was .75. As a
result of the study, it was found that the resulting 15-item scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can
be used to determine the social desirability levels of individual
In vitro and in silico evaluation of some plant extracts and phytocompounds against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
No full textThe spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDR) bacteria is a global public health problem, as infections caused by
MDR Gram-negative bacteria are difcult to treat. New antibiotic agents need to be developed to overcome this problem,
and phytochemicals show promise at this point. In this study, methanol extracts were prepared from cinnamon, thyme,
nettle, white tea, rosehip, and antibacterial activity of the methanol extracts was studied against two MDR Gram-Negative
bacteria (K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii) by broth microdilution method. The MICs of methanol extracts of cinnamon,
rosehip, thyme, white tea for A. baumannii were found as 0.015125 g/ml, 0.07825 g/ml, 0.030625 g/ml, 0.00796875 g/ml,
respectively. It was found that only cinnamon methanol extract had antibacterial activity in the used extract concentrations
against K. pneumoniae and the MIC value was 0.0605 g/ml. The efects of plant methanol extract with antibacterial activity
and imipenem combinations were studied in vitro using the checkerboard method. The FIC Indexes were obtained from the
checkerboard results and it was observed that the combination of methanol extract and imipenem showed an antagonistic
or additive/indiferent efect but not a synergistic efect. We evaluated the binding afnity of epigallocatechin 3-gallate,
quercetin, cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, and thymol phytocompounds using in silico methods, which are well known as a
phytocompounds in white tea, cinnamon, thyme, nettle, and rosehip and have antibacterial activities. The results suggested
that these phytocompounds should be supported with in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate their potential for being
inhibitor candidates
Pb(II) adsorption on eastern spruce sawdust (Turkey) by applying taguchi method and adsorption isotherms
No full textModern industry advances through time
with the change in living conditions as more chemicals are used and released into the environment.
This causes severe pollution problems, especially of
heavy metals including lead (Pb(II)). Pb(II) is continuously released by diferent industries into the
environment, and it leads to certain diseases such as
anemia and kidney malfunction. This study examines the adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution
regarding eastern spruce sawdust (Picea orientalis) in Turkey, and SEM/EDS and FTIR analyses
were applied to determine the chemical structure of
Picea orientalis. Moreover, the Taguchi method was
utilized to investigate the efects of initial metal ion
concentration and contact time on Pb(II) removal. It
was found that initial metal concentration has more
impact on Pb(II) removal than contact time. The condition of 626 mg/L and 60 min by using 0.3 g sawdust usage was found to be the optimum setting for
Pb(II) adsorption. Furthermore, the behavior of Pb(II)
adsorption was examined by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption occurred not only
on the monolayer but also on heterogeneous surfaces
due to the R2
values close to 1
Chemical composition of Satureja spicigera essential oil and its insecticidal effectiveness on Halyomorpha halys nymphs and adults
No full textThe brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is an invasive and economically important agricultural and ornamental insect pest nowadays established in many countries. There are numerous methods used for its control. Due to the increased risk of chemical contamination upon the application of synthetic insecticides to control harmful insects, essential oils are gaining increasing attention. In this research, the insecticidal effectiveness of Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss (Laminaceae) essential oil at 10, 15 and 20 μL/mL doses, and 24, 48, 72 and 96 h against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys was investigated. In addition, the chemical analysis of S. spicigera essential oil was done by GC-MS. The major components of the S. spicigera oil were carvacrol (32.14%), thymol (20.01%), ɣ-terpinene (17.05%), p-cymene (9.08%) and carvacrol methyl ether (5.70%). At the 96th h of the study, the essential oil caused a mortality rate of between 20.1 and 87.5%. The positive control (Nimbecidine®) had the highest mortality rates for nymphs (100%) and adults (90.3%). According to the LD50 and LD90 values, while the most toxic LD50 values were recorded as 0.63 and 4.66 μL/mL for the N1 instar and adults, the lowest LD90 values were 19.12 and 26.32 μL/mL for the N5 instar and adults, respectively. In conclusion, results showed that S. spicigera oil had a highly toxic effect against five nymph instars and adults of H. halys
3D printed microwave clamp probe design to detect water level in PVC pipes
Get PDFThis work was supported by Artvin Coruh University Scientific Research Projects Coordinator (BAP). Funding Number is 2019.F14.02.01The permittivity of water is considerably larger than that of air. As the amount of water in PVC water pipes increases, the air will be replaced by water. This means that the electromagnetic environment properties inside the pipe will change. In this study, we proposed a microwave clamp probe designed with a 3D printer that can detect the percentage of water in 50 mm diameter PVC water pipes. The clamp probe allows measurement of return loss from a single port for determining the fill rate of water without any physical intervention from outside the pipe. The clamp, which is structurally similar to a loop antenna, operates at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. As a result of simulations and experimental measurements for different fill percentages of the pipe, the input impedance of the clamp was calculated. Then, an impedance-fill rate graph was created, showing the amount of water in the pipe section according to the impedance values obtained. The impedance seen from the clamp input indicated a linear increase between 40-100 Omega, according to the 0%, 20%, 50%, 80% and 100% of the water in the pipe. The clamp has a compact structure that can be used as a plug-and-play anywhere on the horizontal
Effects of personality traits, social support and self-efficacy on predicting university adjustment
No full textThe current study examined the relationship between personality traits, social support perceptions, academic selfefficacy and the adjustment to university. Participants were 992 university students (615 [62%] female, 377 [38%]) male.
Results showed that social support, conscientiousness, extraversion and at low levels agreeableness predicted friendship
adjustment, while academic self-efficacy and conscientiousness predicted academic adjustment. Academic self-efficacy,
social support, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness traits were determined to affect prediction of general
adjustment to university. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed