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Mathematics teacher candidates’ approaches to using topology in geometry
No full textWhen we look at the theoretical relationships between the three types of geometry,
we find that the most primitive type is topology and that both Euclidean and projective geometry are derived from this earlier type. Therefore, Piaget described the first
stage or level of understanding geometry as topological understanding. In this study,
the geometric thinking conditions of mathematics teacher candidates were examined
and what they think about the topology course was determined by surveying their
opinions about the undergraduate courses. The participants of the study consisted
of 36 teacher candidates studying in the Mathematics Department of the Faculty
of Science attached to a university in Turkey. The findings of the study revealed
that none of the teacher candidates used topological thinking to solve the questions
in the data collection instrument. Those candidates who considered topology as an
abstract course did not associate topology with geometry. A thorough understanding of the meaning of topology and topological thought is an advantage to young
children as well as college-age students; improving mathematics curricula on this
topic, particularly at the graduate level, will ensure that all future teachers are appropriately trained for their future responsibility of educating others. We believe that it
is necessary to give Topology and topological thought the place they deserve in the
educational process
Determinación del índice de calidad del suelo en el delta de Batumi, Georgia
Get PDFThe soil quality index is a quantitative assessment concept and it is used in the evaluation of ecosystem components. Because of the high potential for agriculture and biodiversity, deltas are the most valuable parts of the ecosystem. This study aimed to determine the soil quality index (SQI) in the Batumi Delta, Georgia. For this purpose, the study area was divided into five plots due to their morphological positions (L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5). A total of 125 soil samples were taken for analysis including clay content (CC), silt content (SC), sand content (SaC), mean weight diameter (MWD), aggregate stability (AS), amount of water retained under -33 kPa (FC) and -1500 kPa (WP) pressures and organic matter content (OM). These properties were used as the main criteria, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Factor Analysis were used for weighting them. Sub-criteria were scored using expert opinion and the linear score functions, such as “more is better” and “optimum value”. For determining SQI, the additive method (SQIA), the weighted method with AHP (SQIAHP), and the weighted method with factor analysis (SQIFA) were used. The resulting SQI scores of the three methods were ordered as SQIAHP>SQIA>SQIFA, but these differences were not significant. However, the SQI scores of the plots (p£0.01) showed statistically significant differences and were ordered as L5>L4>L3>L2>L1.El índice de calidad del suelo es un concepto de evaluación
cuantitativa y se utiliza en la evaluación de los componentes del
ecosistema. Debido a su potencial alto para la agricultura y la
biodiversidad, los deltas son las partes más valiosas del ecosistema. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el índice de
calidad del suelo (SQI) en el delta de Batumi, Georgia. Es por
ello que el área de estudio se dividió en cinco parcelas con base
en sus posiciones morfológicas (L1
, L2
, L3
, L4
y L5
). Un total de
125 muestras de suelo se tomaron para su análisis, e incluyeron
contenido de arcilla (CC), contenido de limo (SC), contenido de
arena (SaC), diámetro medio ponderado (MWD), estabilidad de
agregados (AS), cantidad de agua retenida de presiones por debajo de -33 kPa (FC) y -1500 kPa (WP) y contenido de materia
orgánica (OM). Estas propiedades se utilizaron como criterios
principales, y para ponderarlas usamos el Proceso analítico jerárquico (Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP) y el Análisis de factores. Los subcriterios se calificaron de acuerdo con la opinión de
expertos y con las funciones de calificación lineal, como “más es
mejor” y “valor óptimo”. Para determinar el SQI, se utilizó el
método aditivo (SQIA), el método ponderado con AHP (SQIAHP)
y el método ponderado con análisis de factores (SQIFA). Los valores resultantes de SQI de los tres métodos se ordenaron como
SQIAHP> SQIA> SQIFA, pero estas diferencias no fueron significativas. Sin embargo, los valores de SQI de las parcelas (p£0.01)
mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas y se ordenaron como L5
> L4
> L3
> L2
> L
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Abelmoschus esculentus leaf and antimicrobial effects on some food pathogens
Get PDFBu çalışmada, Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) yaprağı özütü kullanılarak düşük maliyetli, çevre dostu ve
kolay bir şekilde gümüş nanopartiküller (AgNP’ler) sentezlendi. Ultraviyole-görünür (UV-vis.)
Spektrofotometre analiz verilerine göre, nanokristaller 431 nm'de karakteristik bir tepe noktası
gösterdi. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Transmisyon Elektron Mikroskobu (TEM) ve enerji
dağılımlı X-Işını Spektroskopisi (EDX) analizleri, biyolojik yolla sentezlenen AgNP'lerin morfolojik
yapılarının küresel olduğunu ortaya koydu. XRD analizi sonuçlarına göre AgNP'lerin kristal yapılarının
kübik olduğu görüldü. Nanopartiküllerin boyutu, Debye-Scherrer denklemi ile 19.05 nm olarak
hesaplandı. Sentezlenen nanomalzemenin zeta potansiyeli -9.83 mV ve zeta boyutu da 142.2 nm olarak
ölçüldü. AgNP'lerin, gıda patojenlerinden Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli
ATCC25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 ve Candida albicans
üzerindeki Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyonu (MİK) değerlerinin (mg/mL) sırasıyla 0.125, 0.50, 0.0312,
0.125 ve 0.125 düzeyinde olduğu tespit edildi.In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) leaf
extract in a low cost, environmentally friendly and easy way. According to the ultraviolet-visible (UVvis.) spectrophotometer analysis data, the nanocrystals showed a characteristic peak at 431 nm.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive
X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analyzes revealed that the morphological structures of the biosynthesized
AgNPs were spherical. According to the results of XRD analysis, it was seen that the crystal structures
of AgNPs were cubic. The size of the nanoparticles was calculated as 19.05 nm by the Debye-Scherrer
equation. The zeta potential of the synthesized nanomaterial was -9.83 mV and the zeta size was 142.2
nm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values (mg/mL) of AgNPs on the food pathogens
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Bacillus subtilis ATCC11774,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27833 and Candida albicans were 0.125, 0.50, 0.0312, 0.125 and 0.125
respectively
Conventional and microwave-assisted synthesis of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing tryptamine skeleton and evaluation of antimi-crobial activity
No full text1,2,4-Triazole-3-one (3) obtained from tryptamine was transformed to the corresponding car-box(thio)amides via several steps (6a-d). Their reaction with sodium hydroxide performed the 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7a-d). Compounds 7a-d treatment by 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanoneain an ambiance with sodium ethoxide afforded the compounds (8a-d). The reduction reaction of 8a-d afforded 1,2,4-triazoles (9a-d). The synthesis of (10a-d), (11a-d) and (12a-d) was afforded treatment of products 9a-d with 4-chlorobenzyl chloride (for 10a-d) or 2,6-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 11a-d) or 2,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride (for 12a-d). Besides the improved of entirely novel agents having various chemical features than those of the existing ones, another aim is to combined two or more groups into a single hybrid compound. For this reason, a single compound containing more than one group, each with various modes of effect, could be helpful for the cure of bacterial infections. Microwave-assisted and conventional techniques were utilized for the syntheses. The structures of recently obtained molecules were elucidated on the foundation of1H NMR,13C NMR, FT IR, EI MS methods and elemental analysis. All novel synthesized molecules were investigated for their antimicrobial activity using MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) method. The aminoalkylation of triazoles (7a-d) formed products 8a-d which have excellent activity against testing bacteria with values between 0.24 and 125 µg/mL. Especially compounds 8a and 8d exhibited much better activity against E. coli than ampicillin used as standard drug. The microwave process ensured a more efficient road to the creation of desired mole-cules. The antibacterial examination demonstrated that after the carbonyl group is increased the anti-bacterial activity of the compounds is greatly increased. That's why molecules formed as a result of the alkylation reactions of triazoles has high activity
Oxythyrea cinctella’nın (Schaum, 1841) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae) erkek ve dişi pronotumu arasındaki geometrik morfometriye dayalı morfolojik varyasyonlar
Get PDFIn this study, pronotum size and shape were used as an exemplar characteristic to evaluate the utility
of pronotal morphology on the sexual dimorphism determination of the scarab beetle Oxythyrea
cinctella (Schaum, 1841). Using geometric morphometrics, the sexual size and shape dimorphism of
pronotum of 85 specimens (45 females, 40 males) collected from Ankara Province (Turkey) were
analyzed. Results of geometric morphometrics revealed that there is statistically significant sexual size
and shape dimorphism in pronotum. Further, the mean centroid sizes of the females was significantly
larger than that of the males. Finally, multivariate regression results indicated that size has negligible
influence on the differentiation in pronotum shape between sexes. We hope the results here presented
would be helpful for the further understanding of the sexual dimorphism in the beetle genus Oxythyrea.Bu çalışmada, pronotal morfolojinin Oxythyrea cinctella (Schaum, 1841)'nın eşeysel dimorfizminin
tayini için pronotum büyüklüğü ve şekli örnek bir özellik olarak kullanılmıştır. Ankara ilinden (Türkiye)
toplanan 85 örneğin (45 dişi, 40 erkek) pronotumu geometrik morfometri ile eşeysel boyut ve şekil
dimorfizmi analiz edildi. Geometrik morfometrinin sonuçları, pronotumda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
eşeysel boyut ve şekil dimorfizmi olduğunu ortaya koydu. Ayrıca, dişilerin ortalama centroid boyutu
erkeklerden önemli ölçüde daha büyüktü. Son olarak, çok değişkenli regresyon sonuçları, boyutun
eşeyler arasındaki pronotum şeklindeki farklılaşma üzerinde ihmal edilebilir bir etkiye sahip olduğunu
göstermiştir. Burada sunulan sonuçların Oxythyrea cinsi böceklerde eşeysel dimorfizmin daha iyi
anlaşılması için yararlı olacağını umuyoruz
Osmanlı’daki tahmishanelerin lokasyonunun mali ve ticari açıdan doğurguları
Get PDFCoffee, has emerged as the food in Abyssinia. It was recognized in Yemen in the 15th century and has since become a popular beverage in the country. It first made its way to Hejaz and Egypt in the 16th century, then to Syria via pilgrimage caravans, and finally to Istanbul. In the 17th century, it spread throughout Europe. Coffee brought along religious and social discussions wherever it entered in the 16th and 17th centuries. It has, however, been enjoyed and consumed by almost everyone. The issue of the places where tahmishanes were established and their distribution was discussed in this study as a result of innovations made in the Ottoman State's administrative, financial, and commercial fields at the end of the 17th century. Because most studies on coffee and coffeehouses have focused on administrative and sociological aspects, this aspect of coffee has received little attention. Since its introduction into Ottoman lands, coffee has been regarded as a luxury consumer item. It therefore constituted a significant revenue item for the State. Coffee consumption is believed to have risen in Anatolia and Rumelia in the 18th century. The indicator of this must be the tahmishanes that became widespread in the mentioned period. Testing the connection between the proliferation of tahmishanes and the rise in public coffee consumption, on the other hand, is a problem that is beyond the scope of this paper. Within the scope of this study, tahmishanes serving in Anatolia and Rumelia were discussed between the end of the 17th century and the middle of the 19th century. The Ottoman Archive of the Presidency State Archives of the Republic of Turkey, the General Directorate of Foundations Archive, Ottoman chronicles, and the literature on the subject are all examined in this research In the research, answers were sought to the following questions: "Why did the state take administrative, financial and commercial measures and what were these measures?" and "What did coffee mean for the state financially?" In addition, answers to such basic questions have been sought in the context of the main subject; What is Tahmishane? Where was it established? How are the tahmishanes distributed? What are the effective causes in this distribution? Is there a set of rules or a system for where tahmishanes should be established? What was the procedure for running the tahmishanes? Has the number of tahmishanes increased over the years? If so, what are the reasons for this? In the study, it was concluded that tahmishanes were established in Rumelia more than Anatolia, and generally on the range routes included in the Ottoman road system. Secondly, it is understood that the number of tahmishanes has steadily increased since the end of the 17th century. It can be concluded from this that the measures taken by the State in administrative, financial, military and commercial areas are beneficial. Furthermore, the rise in the number of coffee houses can be said to play a significant role in the spread of tasmihhanes Besides that, the government's needs had determined how the tasmihhanes are enforced.Kahve, Habeşistan’da yiyecek olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. XV. yüzyılda Yemen’de tanınmış ve burada içecek halini almıştır. XVI. yüzyılda önce Hicaz ve Mısır’a, daha sonra hac kervanları aracılığıyla Suriye’ye, ardından da İstanbul’a ulaşmıştır. XVII. yüzyılda ise Avrupa’ya yayılmıştır. Kahve, XVI. ve XVII. yüzyılda girdiği her yerde dini ve toplumsal tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Ancak hemen hemen herkes tarafından beğenilerek tüketilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı Devleti’nde XVII. yüzyıl sonlarında idari, mali, ticari alanda yapılan yenilikler sonucu sayısı arttığı düşünülen tahmishanelerin kurulduğu yerler ve dağılımı konusu ele alınmıştır. Zira şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalarda, kahve ve kahvehane konuları daha çok idari ve sosyolojik açıdan işlenmiş, bu yönü pek ele alınmamıştır. Kahve, Osmanlı topraklarına girdiği yıllardan itibaren lüks tüketim maddesi olarak görülmüştür. Bu yüzden devletin önemli bir gelir kalemini oluşturmuştur. XVIII. yüzyılda Anadolu ve Rumeli’de kahve tüketiminin arttığı düşünülmektedir. Bunun göstergesi de anılan dönemde yaygınlaşan kahvehaneler ve tahmishaneler olmalıdır. Ancak bu işletmelerin çoğalmasıyla halkın kahve tüketiminin artması arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek bu makaleyi aşan bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada tahmishaneler, XVII. yüzyılın sonları ile XIX. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar Anadolu ve Rumeli’deki faaliyetleri kapsamında ele alınmıştır. İncelemede; Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı Osmanlı Arşivi, Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü Arşivi, Osmanlı kronikleri ve konuya dair literatür gözden geçirilmiştir. Araştırmada öncelikle şu türden sorulara yanıt aranmıştır: "Devlet; idari, mali, ticari tedbirleri neden almıştır ve bu tedbirler nelerdi?" ve "Kahve, mali olarak devlet için ne anlam ifade ediyordu?" Asıl konu bağlamında; Tahmishane nedir? Nerelerde kurulmuştur? Tahmishaneler nasıl bir dağılım göstermiştir? Bu dağılımda etkili olan nedenler nelerdir? Tahmishanelerin nerelere kurulacağına dair takip edilen herhangi bir kural veya sistem var mıdır? Tahmishaneler ne şekilde işletilmiştir? Tahmishanelerin sayılarında yıllara göre artış olmuş mudur? Artış olmuşsa bunun sebepleri nelerdir? gibi sorular yanıtlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada tahmishanelerin; Anadolu’dan daha çok Rumeli’de kurulduğu, genelde de Osmanlı yol sisteminde yer alan menzil güzergâhlarında bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İkinci olarak XVII. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren tahmishanelerin devamlı şekilde arttığı görülmüştür. Buradan da devletin idari mali, askeri ve ticari alanda aldığı tedbirlerin işe yaradığı sonucuna varılabilir. Bununla birlikte tahmishanelerin yaygınlaşmasında kahvehane sayılarındaki artışın önemli bir payının olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca tahmishanelerin ne şekilde işletileceği konusunda devletin ihtiyaçlarının belirleyiciliğinden bahsedilebilir
Changes in wood properties of chestnut wood structural elements with natural aging
Get PDFKnowing the effects of natural aging on wood properties is important both for the conservation of historical wooden material and for reuse of aged wood. The aim of this study was to investigate the wood properties
of old wooden elements not impregnated with any protective chemicals and taken from different parts of
Zeytinlik houses in Giresun, Turkey. Test samples were prepared from old wooden elements and freshly cut
chestnut timber. The anatomical, chemical, physical and mechanical properties were determined according to
standard procedure, and the results were compared with those of recent wood specimen. As a result of the anatomical identification, it was determined that the wooden elements used in traditional Zeytinlik houses belong
to species of Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa), and after an average service life of 88, 113 and 120 years,
there was no change in the anatomical structure of the old wooden elements. Fourier transform infrared band
characterization of old wood specimens revealed that hemicelluloses degraded and lignin structure changed on
the surface of almost all specimens. Especially, the wood density values of the facade elements were smaller
than that of recent wood specimen. Except for the modulus of rupture of window sill and rafter, all mechanical
properties were significantly greater compared with those of recent wood specimen. The results of this research
showed that old wood not damaged by fungi and insects could be evaluated for reuse
Şüpheli/Doğrulanmış COVID-19 Hastasının Perioperatif Yönetimi
Get PDFIn December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, and it spread worldwide, causing great concern.
This disease was named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020.
Secondary transmission mainly occurs through contact with contaminated respiratory droplets or aerosolized virion-containing particles, and the
virus is found in all body fluids such as the gastrointestinal tract, blood, saliva, and urine, extending the potential transmission routes, health
during treatment, and care of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients. It worries that health workers may be widely contaminated. Therefore, it
is very important that the surgical team is fully aware of the current situation regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, determines appropriate strategies against occupational exposure risk, and takes protective measures. Based on this, this review discussed with the aim of presenting a plan
for the response of general surgery clinics to the current pandemic crisis and other pandemic events of similar magnitude, examining effective
management strategies before, during, and after surgery of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients in the light of the literature, and suggesting
measures that will help minimize risk.Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde etiyolojisi bilinmeyen birkaç pnömoni vakası ortaya çıktı ve dünyanın dört bir yanına yayılarak büyük bir
endişeye neden oldu. Bu hastalık Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından koronavirüs hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19) olarak adlandırıldı ve Mart 11, 2020’de
pandemi ilan etti. İkincil bulaşmanın esas olarak kontamine solunum damlacıkları veya aerosol haline getirilmiş viryon içeren partiküller ile
temas yoluyla gerçekleşmesi ve virüsün gastrointestinal sistem, kan, tükürük ve idrar gibi tüm vücut sıvılarında bulunarak potansiyel bulaşma
yollarını genişletmesi, şüpheli/doğrulanmış COVID-19 hastalarının tedavi ve bakımı sırasında sağlık çalışanlarının yaygın olarak kontamine olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu nedenle, cerrahi ekibin COVID-19 pandemisiyle ilgili mevcut durumun tam olarak farkında olması, mesleki maruz
kalma riskine karşı uygun stratejileri belirlemesi ve koruyucu önlemleri alması oldukça önemlidir. Buradan yola çıkarak bu derleme, genel cerrahi
kliniklerinin mevcut pandemik krize ve benzer büyüklükteki diğer pandemik olaylara vereceği yanıt için bir plan sunmak, şüpheli/doğrulanmış
COVID-19 hastalarının ameliyat öncesi, sırası ve sonrası dönemde etkili yönetim stratejilerini literatür ışığında incelemek ve klinik olarak tedavisinde mesleki riski en aza indirmeye yardımcı olacak önlemleri önermek amacıyla ele alındı
Treatment of auto wash wastewater with classical fenton process: effect of presettling on cod removal kinetics
Get PDFNüfusa paralel olarak trafikteki araç sayısı da her geçen gün artmaktadır. Dolayısıyla araçların yıkanmasından kaynaklanan
atıksuların miktarı da önemli boyutlara ulaşmaktadır. Bu atıksuların çoğu evsel atıksu sınıfında olmayıp doğrudan kanalizasyona
verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2 farklı oto yıkama tesisine ait 4 tip (ham ve ön çökeltim uygulanmış) atıksuda kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı
(KOİ) giderimi amacıyla klasik Fenton prosesi uygulanmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalar sonunda sabit pH = 3 değerinde, optimum
kimyasal dozlar; 1 nolu tesisten alınan ham atıksu için: [Fe+2] = 100 mg L-1
, [H2O2] = 200 mg L-1
ve ön arıtım uygulanan örnek için
bu değerler [Fe+2] = 75 mg L-1
, [H2O2] = 150 mg L-1 olarak tespit edilirken, 2 nolu tesisten alınan ham atıksu için [Fe+2] = 100 mg
L
-1
, [H2O2] = 225 mg L-1
, ön çökeltim uygulandıktan sonra ise [Fe+2] = 75 mg L-1
, [H2O2] = 100 mg L-1 olarak belirlenmiştir.
Prosesin arıtım verimliliği değerlendirildiğinde, optimum koşullarda KOİ giderimi 1. Atıksu örneği için sırasıyla, %86 ve %89 iken
2. örnekte ise bu değerler sırasıyla %90 ve %98’dir. Reaksiyon kinetiği incelendiğinde, ham atıksularda oksidasyon mekanizmasının
genel itibariyle 2. derece kinetiğe uygun olduğu görülse de (R2=0,55 ve 0,95) ön çöktürme sonrası ayrışma mekanizmasının BMG
kinetik modeline daha fazla uyum gösterdiği (R2=0,99) ortaya çıkarılmıştırIn parallel with the population, the number of vehicles in traffic is increasing day by day. Therefore, the volume of wastewater
generated by vehicle cleaning reaches substantial proportions. While most of these wastewaters are not classified as domestic
wastewater, they are directly discharged to the sewerage. In this study, classical Fenton process was applied to remove chemical
oxygen demand (COD) from 4 types (raw and pre-treated) wastewater belonging to 2 different car wash plants. At the end of
experimental studies, optimum chemical doses at a constant pH = 3 value; for the sample taken from the 1nd plant without presettling:[Fe+ 2]= 100 mg L-1
, [H2O2]= 200 mg L-1 and for the sample treated with pretreatment these values [Fe+ 2]= 75 mg L-1
,
[H2O2]= 150 mg L-1
, for the raw wastewater sample taken from the 2nd plant, [Fe+ 2]= 100 mg L-1
, [H2O2]= 225 mg L-1
, after presettling whereas [Fe+ 2] = 75 mg L-1
, [H2O2]= 100 mg L-1
. COD removal in ideal conditions for the first wastewater sample is 86
percent and 89 percent, respectively, while these values are 90 percent and 98 percent for the second sample. The oxidation process
in raw wastewater was found to be generally appropriate for 2nd order kinetics (R2 = 0.55 and 0.95), but the decomposition
mechanism after pre-settling was found to be more consistent with the BMG kinetic model (R2 = 0.99)
Investigation for the role of oil and natural gas in the BIST sector indexes in Turkey
No full textIn this chapter, the authors aim to investigate the association between the primary energy sources' prices involving oil and natural gas and sectors indices operating the Turkey stock market for the period covering 2012M1-2021M3. Regarding energy price indicators, Brent oil and natural gas real-time future prices are preferred in the models, and BIST Industrials (XUSIN), BIST Chem-Petrol Plastic (XKMYA), and BIST Electricity (XELKT) indices are used as financial performance indicators. Fourier unit root tests improved by Becker et al. and Fourier co-integration tests improved by Tsong et al. are employed to investigate the relationship between considered variables. As a result of the models, it is found that the energy prices and financial performance index do not move together in the long run; in other words, change in oil and natural gas prices seem not to have an impact on the sector indexes