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Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli/Artvin, Türkiye)’nın florası
Get PDFThe vascular plant diversity growing in Kılıçkaya (Yusufeli, Artvin), located in the western lesser
Caucasus corridor in Turkey, was investigated between 2014 and 2015. In the area under review, 511
plant taxa belonging to 334 genera and 89 families were determined. Of the 511 taxa, 18 Pteridophytes
and 492 Magnoliophytes were detected. Magnoliophytes also included 7 Pinophytina and 485
Magnoliophytina. Poaceae (12.13%), Asteraceae (11.15%), Rosaceae (5.87%), Fabaceae (5.47%),
Lamiaceae (5.08%) are the largest families, and Poa, Trifolium, Geranium, Veronica, Epilobium and Salix
are the largest genera in the study area. The endemism ratio is 5.47 % (28 taxa). Threatened categories
were evaluated for 50 taxa according to IUCN Red List Categories.Türkiye’de, Batı Aşağı Kafkasya Koridorunda yer alan Artvin ili, Yusufeli İlçesi, Kılıçkaya civarında yayılış
gösteren iletim demetli bitkiler 2014 ve 2015 yılları arasında araştırılmıştır. İncelenen alanda, 89
familya ve 334 cinse ait toplam 511 bitki taksonu belirlenmiştir. Bu bitki taksonlarından, 18’i
Pteridophyta ve 492’si Magnoliophyta şubesine aittir. Magnoliophyta’nın 7’si Pinophytina ve 485’i
Magnoliophytina alt şubesindendir. Çalışma alanından belirlenen en fazla türe sahip familyalar
Poaceae (%12.13), Asteraceae (%11.15), Rosaceae (%5.87), Fabaceae (%5.47), Lamiaceae (%5.08) ve
en fazla türe sahip cinsler Poa, Trifolium, Geranium, Veronica, Epilobium ve Salix’dir. Endemizm oranı
%5.47 (28 takson)’dir. IUCN Kırmızı Liste sınıflarına göre 50 taksonun tehlike kategorileri
değerlendirilmiştir
Effects of sprouting and fermentation on free asparagine and reducing sugars in wheat, einkorn, oat, rye, barley, and buckwheat and on acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural formation during heating
No full textUsage of sprouted grains is an increasing trend in thermally processed foods. Sprouting alters the composition of sugars and amino acids, which are Maillard reaction precursors. Free asparagine, total free amino acids, and sugars were monitored during sprouting and yeast and sourdough fermentations. Acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were analyzed in heated samples. The asparagine concentration decreased up to 40% after 24-36 h of sprouting, except for buckwheat, and then increased to the initial concentration after 48 h and several folds after 72 h. The increased amount of reducing sugars after sprouting caused higher acrylamide and HMF formation even if the asparagine concentration was lower. Acrylamide and HMF formation decreased after fermentation of sprouted wholemeal because sugars and asparagine were consumed by yeast. A pH drop of 3 units by sourdough fermentation decreased acrylamide formation but increased HMF formation. Results indicated that sprouted cereal products should be produced under controlled conditions to be used in heated foods
Conventional air pollutant source determination using bivariate polar plot in Black Sea, Turkey
No full textThe purpose of this study is to identify and characterize individual sources of pollutants such as PM10, SO2, NOx, and CO in the urban area in Karadeniz (Turkey) using the bivariate polar plots method. In addition, the relationship between the meteorological conditions and the pollutants was determined based on correlation analysis in the region. Bivariate polar plots are a graphical method used to demonstrate the dependence of pollutant concentrations on wind direction measured at stations. Thanks to these graphics, resource types and properties can be determined. Wind flow and pollution data were used to provide information on wind and pollutant interactions in the study area. As a result of the study, it was founded that the main source of pollutants is intensive anthropogenic activities such as urban, street traffic, agricultural activities, and natural resources. It has been concluded that the highway in the region is not an important source of pollutants. In addition, the pollutant relations were examined with meteorological data, and it was discovered that temperature and relative humidity were effective for all pollutants. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V
Artvin Araştırmaları- 3
No full textTürkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Artvin, sahip olduğu tarihsel,
toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasal birikimleriyle geçmişten günümüze
nev-i şahsına münhasır özelliğini korumuş bir sınır şehridir. Bu özellikleri itibariyle Artvin, her dönemde zengin bir mirasa sahip olmuştur. Sosyal bilimler açısından
Artvin, her şeyden önce, araştırılmayı, incelenmeyi, keşfedilmeyi bekleyen bakir bir
toprak ve zengin bir kaynak konumundadır. Artvin’in sözü edilen ayrıcalıklı özellikleri, Artvin’le ilgili bilimsel ve akademik çalışmaları yapmayı gerektirmektedir. Bu
kitap böyle bir ihtiyaç doğrultusunda ortaya çıkmıştır.
Elinizdeki kitap, Artvin hakkında sosyal bilimlerin muhtelif alanlarında yer alan
akademisyenlerin yaptıkları araştırmaları bir araya getirmektedir. Daha önce “Artvin
Tarihi Araştırmaları 1” ve “Artvin Araştırmaları 2” isimleriyle yayınlanan kitapların
devamı niteliğinde olan “Artvin Araştırmaları 3” kitabı, Artvinle ilgili birbirinden
farklı konulara odaklanmaktadır. Kitapta, Osmanlı-Rus Savaşlarından Şavşat Sancağı’nın demografik yapısına, Kiskim/Yusufeli Hapihanesinden şehrin anavatana
katılma süreçlerine, kuruluş döneminden günümüzdeki milletvekillerine, şehrin ağız
yapısıyla ilgili bibliyografik çalışmalardan fonolojik bağlantılara ve ekonomiye dek
uzanan geniş bir yelpazede Artvin ile ilgili çalışmalar yer almaktadır.
Bu eserin ortaya çıkmasında emeği geçen Prof. Dr. Memet YETİŞGİN’e, Doç.
Dr. Nurhan AYDIN’a, Doç. Dr. Mehmet NAR’a, Doç. Dr. Mehmet Şükrü NAR’a, Dr.
Öğr. Üyesi Sabina ABİD’e, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Faruk TAŞKIN’a, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Melike
KARABACAK YILMAZ’a, Arş. Gör. Toroshan ÖZDAMAR’a, Arş. Gör. Mehtap
ÖZTÜRK’e, Öğr. Gör. İbrahim YAHŞİ’ye, Doktora Öğrencisi Zafer IŞIK’a, Araştırmacı-Yazar Kübranur Öztürk DERİCİ’ye ve Uzman Tarihçi Ecem KUTLU’ya teşekkürlerimi sunuyorum. Kitabın hazırlanması sürecinde katkıda bulunan Doç. Dr. Kerem ÖZBEY’e teşekkür ederim. Kitabın Artvin ile ilgili okuyucular ve araştırmacılar
için kaynak bir kitap oluşturmasını temenni ederi
A comparative study on the education systems in the Turkic countries
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to examine the structure of education and training in the Turk World and to compare them with each other. In the study, the general structure, development and current situation of the education and training systems of the Turk World has been researched in detail and compared. In this comparative study, a horizontal approach was used that examined the elements of different education systems as a whole. The education and training systems in these countries, the stages of the educational institutions, the structure of the institutions that educate students, the admission conditions of the students to the schools, the duration of education, the status of higher education, and postgraduate education were examined, and evaluated. The education and training systems of the countries in the Turk World were first researched one by one and explanations were made in the light of the gathered information, then the tables were created with the information, the information in the tables was analysed and explanations were made under the tables. In the conclusion part, the information in the tables for all countries was summarized, the current situations were compared, and evaluations were made. At the stage of data collection; printed scientific resources such as thesis, books, journals, and articles related to the education and training systems applied in the Turk World were used. The data gathered were analysed using descriptive analysis approach according to the criteria determined with the aims of the research. As a result, it has been determined that there are similarities and differences in the structure of the education and training of the Turk World, and these determinations have been revealed. The main differences achieved are; secondary education (high school) and higher education periods, and the difference in the age of starting primary school. The duration of basic education (primary school) is the same in all countries. The Turk World should establish common quality standards in education and training, reflect these standards in their programs, and carry out remedial studies to bring education and training to the level of exclusive civilizations and put them into practice as soon as possible
Optimizing of discrete time-cost in construction projects using new adaptive weight formulations
No full textIn this paper, four new adaptive weight formulations are developed to enhance the
performance of traditional Modified Adaptive Weight Approach (MAWA), which is the
simplest way for solving the multi-objective optimization of discrete time-cost trade-off
problem (DTCTP). Several numerical experiments are conducted to validate the newly
proposed formulations. In addition, three meta-heuristic-based optimization algorithms are
utilized to examine the variations within the results of the test instances. The proposed model
provides several ways to solve DTCTP, as it includes different formulations and optimization
algorithms. So, this model performs well for the medium and large-scale time-cost
optimization problems on contrary to the traditional MAWA
Willeria sinensis maserasyon yağı ile Bacillus subtilis ve Candida tropicalis inaktivasyonu
Get PDFIn this study, the antimicrobial effect of maceration oil obtained from W. sinensis flowers oil soaked
in olive oil on B. subtilis and C. tropicalis was investigated. In addition, the efficacy of W. sinensis
maceration oil on inactivation of the strains of B. subtilis and C. tropicalis inoculated bulgur (pounded
wheat) was investigated using dip incubation method. The components of W. sinensis macerate were
analyzed by GC-MS and found the main components as olealdehyde (38.03%), oleic acid (29.13%), 9-
octadecenoic acid (15.09%), (Z)-9,17-octadecadienal (7.87%) and palmitic acid (5.97%). Broth
Microdilution and Agar Well Diffusion Method for antimicrobial activity of W. sinensis and also
Modified TDtest for persistent/tolerant levels of microorganisms were used. Minimum Inhibitory
Concentrations (MICs) of W. sinensis were 10.3 mg/mL and 9.6 mg/mL for B. subtilis and C. tropicalis
while the inhibition zones were 2.23 mm and 2.07 mm, respectively. In TDTest which was made
persistent/tolerant screening of microorganisms in W. sinensis condition, both of microrganisms were
persistent sensitive. W. sinensis at 50 µL, 100 µL and 150 µL caused an almost 2-log reduction on the
number of B. subtilis and C. tropicalis on bulgur.Bu çalışmada, zeytinyağına batırılmış W. sinensis çiçeklerinden elde edilen maserasyon yağının B.
subtilis ve C. tropicalis üzerindeki antimikrobiyal etkisi araştırıldı. Ek olarak, W. sinensis maserasyon
yağının, bulgura (dövülmüş buğday) aşılanmış B. subtilis ve C. tropicalis suşlarının inaktivasyonu
üzerindeki etkinliği daldırma inkübasyon metodu kullanılarak araştırıldı. W. sinensis maserat
bileşenleri GC-MS ile analiz edildi ve ana bileşenleri olealdehit (%38.03), oleik asit (%29.13), (Z)-9,17-
oktadekadienal asit (%15.09), (Z)-9,17-oktadekadienal (%7.87) ve palmitik asit (%5.97) olarak bulundu.
W. sinensis'in antimikrobiyal aktivitesi için Sıvı Mikrodilüsyon ve Agar Kuyucuk Difüzyon Yöntemi ve
ayrıca kalıcı/toleranslı mikroorganizma seviyeleri için Modifiye TDtest kullanıldı. W sinensis’in
Minimum İnhibitör Konsantrasyonları (MİK), B. subtilis ve C. tropicalis için 10.3 mg/mL ve 9.6 mg/mL
iken inhibisyon zonları sırasıyla 2.23 mm ve 2.07 mm idi. W. sinensis varlığında mikroorganizmaların
kalıcı/toleranslı taranması yapılan TDTest'te her iki mikroorganizmanın da kalıcı duyarlılığı saptandı.
W. sinensis’in 50 µL, 100 µL ve 150 µL’si, bulgur üzerindeki B. subtilis ve C. tropicalis sayısında
neredeyse 2 log azalmaya neden oldu
Computer-based communication tool provides effective communication for non-speaking patients: a quasi-experimental study
No full textEven though they are conscious, patients who are unable to speak while connected to a mechanical ventilator have serious
difficulties in communicating with healthcare staff. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness for patients of a
computer-based communication tool (CBCT) and to compare these results with patients using a routine method. This
quasi-experimental study was conducted with 90 intubated patients. It was found that 20.0% of the patients using CBCT
stated that they had difficulties in communicating, while this rate was 82.2% among patients not using CBCT. Compared
with participants in the control group, experimental group patients reported a lower median score for the anxiety levels
(23.0 [20.0–39.0], 29.0 [20.0–57.00], p<.001) and higher mean comfort levels (130.2±9.0, 109.6±13.3, p<.001). Positive
impacts of the CBCT are its suitability for patients who are dependent upon ventilation for different reasons and their
improved ability to communicate effectivel
The usage of mycoviruses in Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and some plant pathogens
Get PDFBitki patojeni fungusların da yer aldığı birçok organizmada yaygın olarak bulunan mikovirüsler,
biyolojik mücadelede alternatif bir kullanım olanağı sağlayan obligat parazitlerdir. Çoğunluğu biyolojik
ajan olarak mikoviral dsRNA genomuna sahip olmakla birlikte, DNA genomlarına sahip olanları da
bulunmaktadır. Mikovirüsler, fungus hücrelerinde hücre birleşmesi yoluyla, hücre bölünmesi ve eşeyli,
eşeysiz spor formları ile yayılış göstermektedir. Enfekte ettikleri funguslarda bazı morfolojik ve
fizyolojik farklılıklara sebebiyet vermekte, virülensi artırma ve azaltma yönünde etkide
bulunmaktadırlar. Bu derlemede mikovirüslerin Rhizoctonia solani ve diğer bazı funguslara karşı
etkileri ve virülensi azaltma etkisinden yola çıkarak, bitki hastalıklarıyla biyolojik mücadelede kullanım
olanakları araştırılmıştır.Mycoviruses, which are commonly found in many organisms including plant pathogenic fungi, are
obligate parasites that provide an alternative use in biological control. Although the majority have
mycoviral dsRNA genome as biological agent, there are also those with DNA genomes. Mycoviruses are
spread in fungus cells through cell fusion, cell division and sexual and asexual spore forms. In fungi
infected by mycoviruses, they cause some morphological and physiological differences and have an
effect on increasing and decreasing virulence. In this review, it was aimed to give information on the
effects of mycoviruses against some fungi, including Rhizoctonia solani, and their use in biological
control against plant diseases, based on the effect of reducing virulence
Utjecaj temperature Čuvanja i predsjetvene pripreme na klijavost sjemena muŠmulastog gloga (Crataegus azarolus var. pontica)
Get PDFIn this study, which aimed to determine the effects of storage temperatures on the germination of azarole (Crataegus azarolus var. pontica) seeds, pretreatments were applied to the seeds and were dry-stored for 10 months at four storage temperatures (-5, 5, 15 and 25ºC) for various periods in floating water and in an ash solution (2, 4 and 6 days), scarification in sulfuric acid (1, 3 and 6 hours), and combinations of scarification in sulfuric acid and floating in ash solution pretreatments. Also, the scarification rates in the seed coats that were corroded in sulfuric acid for 1, 3 and 6 hours were determined. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. As a result of the study, higher germination percentages (p0.05) on the germination percentage of azarole seeds. The diameters of the seeds that were corroded in sulfuric acid for 1, 3 and 6 hours decreased by 6.15%, 10.47% and 11.51%, respectively. To achieve higher germination percentages, azarole seeds should be kept at 15ºC, and exposed to sulfuric acid for 3 hours with 4 day ash solution for sowing in August