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Wild plants used as vegetables by transhumant people around the Georgia–Turkey border in the western lesser caucasus
No full textRecent ethnobotanical studies in the Caucasus, mainly in Georgia, reveal the significant ethnobotanical knowledge of local people related to wild edible plants. However, few studies have been conducted in the Lesser Caucasus, west Georgia, and Turkish Caucasus. This study aims to represent and evaluate the cultural importance of wild vegetable plants and their patterns of use along the Georgia–Turkey border. During the transhumance period in the summers of 2017 and 2018, 104 participants (65 in Turkey and 39 in Georgia) were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. The Cultural Importance Index and Relative Frequency of Citation were used to compare the relative importance of species in each region. The use of 83 wild plant species from 23 plant families as vegetables was documented, with 45 species recorded in Georgia and 72 species in Turkey. One-third of the recorded wild plant species and 52 use instances out of 122 species-use combinations were shared on both sides of the border. Women and men had mentioned almost the same number of species, and there was a nonsignificant correlation between the plant knowledge and age. Although there were no significant differences in the plant parts used, the way people used plants as vegetables varied significantly across the border. Considering the floral similarity across the border, the number of species used in common and shared vegetable plant knowledge was quite low. There is not a significant difference between the two countries in terms of the most frequently cited and culturally important species (Rumex, Urtica, and Polygonum spp.). However, the recognition of some of the most important shared species (Heracleum, Chaerophyllum, Arctium, and Campanula spp.) diverged significantly in different administrative regions
Effects of oleanolic acid on inflammation and metabolism in diabetic rats
No full textThis work was supported by Coordinator of Scientific Research Projects [2018.M83.02.02] at Artvin Coruh University.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that threatens the health of the world population. We investigated the effects of oleanolic acid (OA) administration on inflammation status and metabolic profile in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Four experimental groups were established: healthy rats not administered OA, healthy rats administered OA, diabetic rats not administered OA, diabetic rats administered OA. OA, 5 mg/kg, was administered by oral gavage for 21 days. Serum samples collected at the end of the experiment and analyzed for toll-like receptor-9, interleukin-18, nuclear factor kappa B, malondialdehyde MDA, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium. Pancreas tissue was examined for pathology. Induction of DM caused increased serum concentrations of inflammation and oxidative damage markers. DM also caused hyperglycemia-hyperlipidemia and decreased serum concentration of minerals. The islets of Langerhans were degenerated and necrotic. Administration of OA reversed the adverse effects of DM. OA treatment can ameliorate inflammation and oxidative damage due to DM by normalizing hyperglycemia and decreasing TLR-9, IL-18, NF-kappa B and MDA levels
The relationship between credit default swaps and net portfolio investments: The case of Turkey
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between credit default swaps and net portfolio investments. Since the series remained stationary at varied levels in the study, the ARDL limit test approach was employed. In the analysis, 10 years of periodical data from 2010 to 2020 were compared. During the implementation of the ARDL limit test, it agreed to add a dummy variable to the model for months 2018M4 and 2020M3 upon the analysis of the CUSUM and CUSUM2 graphics; hence, in the final model, a dummy variable was also included. By means of diagnostic tests administered to the ARDL model that was repeated after the inclusion of the dummy variable, it became evident that the final model met the required hypotheses for the ARDL limit test, and it was thus feasible to interpret the long- and short-term coefficients. As the coefficients of final model attained, it was detected that an increase by 1% in short term risk premiums reduced current period net portfolio investments by 2.87%. However, it was evident that in the long term credit risk premiums have a small but positive and significant (p<0,05) effect on net portfolio investments.
A new flexible family of continuous distributions: the additive Odd-G family
Get PDFThis paper introduces a new family of distributions based on the additive model structure. Three submodels of the proposed family are studied in detail. Two simulation studies were performed to discuss the maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters. The log location-scale regression model based on a new generalization of the Weibull distribution is introduced. Three datasets were used to show the importance of the proposed family. Based on the empirical results, we concluded that the proposed family is quite competitive compared to other models
The chemical characteristics and anatomy of Caucasian fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana) crown gall tumors infected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens
No full textIn this study, chemical and anatomical properties of tumorous and normal root of
Abies nordmanniana subsp. nordmanniana were compared. The amount of hemicellulose in tumorous root was identifed to be 5.34% higher on average than in normal
root. However, the amount of lignin was measured to be around 5.78% less. It was
determined that the amount of extractive substance, 1% NaOH, cold and hot water
dissolution also increased with the formation of tumors. In the study, carbohydrate
analysis of samples was also made and it was found out that the amount of glucose,
xylose, mannose and galactose of the roots containing tumor were 2.27%, 1.18%,
1.1%, 0.37% more than normal root, respectively. On the other hand, the crystallinity of tumorous roots was decreased in spite of the increase in the amount of cellulose with the formation of tumors. According to the elemental analysis results, it
was observed that carbon formation increased with tumor formation. These results
were also supported by FTIR-ATR characterization and thermal analysis results. In
the anatomical comparison, it was observed that tracheid lengths, tracheid thicknesses and lumen thicknesses decreased with tumor formation. Traumatic resin
canals were observed in the cross sections of the tumorous root samples. In addition,
it was determined that the annual ring separation was less prominent in the cross
section, and the cell diameters were smaller and their location was more dispersed.Scientific Research Projects Commission of Artvin Çoruh University
2017,F11.02.0
Modeling of the distribution of Purple-flowered Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum L.) under the current and future climate conditions
Get PDFBu çalışmanın amacı mor çiçekli orman gülü Rhodendron ponticum L. 'nin maximum entropi
algoritması kullanılarak günümüz ve gelecek potansiyel yayılış alanlarının iklim senaryolarına göre
modellenmesidir. İki aşamalı olarak yürütülen bu çalışmanın birinci aşamasında R. ponticum L.’nin
çalışma alanı (Türkiye, Gürcistan ve Rusya sınırları) içerisindeki yayılışını temsil eden örnek noktalara
ait (presence data) veriler ve biyoklimatik değişkenler kullanılmıştır. Yüksek korelasyonu ve çoklu
doğrusallığı önlemek amacıyla, Worldclim 2.1 versiyonu 2.5 dakika (yaklaşık 20 km2
) konumsal
çözünürlükteki 19 biyoklimatik değişken Pearson Korelasyon analizi yapılarak 8 değişkene
indirgenmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise türün yayılış alanlarının iklim değişiminden nasıl etkileneceğini
belirlemek için CMIP6 modellerinden olan CNRM-CM6-1 iklim değişikliği modeli kullanılmış, SSP2 4.5
ve SSP5 8.5’e senaryolarına göre 2041-2060 ve 2081-2100 periyotlarına ait potansiyel yayılış alanı
MaxEnt 3.4.1 programı kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Ayrıca, tür için tahmin edilen günümüz ve
gelecekteki potansiyel yayılış alanları arasındaki alansal ve konumsal farklar, değişim analizi ile ortaya
konulmuştur. Sonuçta, R. ponticum L.’nin potansiyel yayılış alanlarına göre üretilen bilginin teoriden
pratiğe dönüşmesindeki temel faydalar sürdürülebilir peyzaj yönetimi kapsamında tartışılmıştır.This study aims to model the present and future potential distribution of Rhododendron ponticum L.
species according to diverse climate scenarios using maximum entropy. Carried out in two stages, the
present study utilized presence data representing natural distribution of R. ponticum L. species in
Turkey, Georgia, and Russia. In the first stage, we determined variables of the climate models and
focused on 19 bioclimatic variables (in 2.5 minute, or approximately 20 km2
, spatial resolution in
Wordclim version 2.1) obtained for presence data from sample points. In order to prevent from high
correlation and multi-collinearity, bioclimatic variables were reduced to 8 variables by performing
Pearson correlation analysis. In the second stage, CNRM-CM6-1 climate change model, which is one of
the CMIP6 models, was used to determine how the distribution areas of the species will be affected by
climate change. Within this scope, the potential distribution areas of the species under the SSP2 4.5
and SSP5 8.5 scenarios in the periods 2041-2060 and 2081-2100 were modelled by means of the MaxEnt
3.4.1 software. Furthermore, spatial differences between the present and future potential distribution
of the species were assessed by change analysis. In conclusion, this study suggested using produced
knowledge and transforming them from theory to practice for underpinning sustainable landscape
management
Immigrant children in Turkey a descriptive study: Determining the depression levels of children who have been exposed to forced migration
No full textPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine the level of depression in children aged 6–17 years who had been subject to forced migration. Design and Method: This study was a descriptive design. The sample included comprised 200 children aged 6–17 years who had experienced forced migration. Findings: About 69.5% of the children who participated in the research migrated from Syria due to war. Participants’ mean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) score was 13.65 ± 8.58; a CDI score of 19 and higher is considered to indicate depression. Conclusion: It was found that the depression levels of the migrant children were low. Practice Implications: Psychiatric nurses should understand risk factors for depression when providing care to immigrant children
Energy policy recommendations for ASEAN countries: empirical evidence from the bootstrap panel granger causality analysis
No full textstyle="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">In social sciences, especially style="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">in the economic literature, energy has been one of the most important topics. Energy seems to be dominant on the political and economic agendas because of nearly all economic activities linked to energy. Hence, all economies have endeavored to detect and implement policies to increase their efficiency and mitigate energy’s detrimental effects on the earth. This study’s principal mission is to check the connection between economic growth, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption style="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">in ASEAN-5 countries over 1990–2014 to recommend energy-saving policies. Within this view, bootstrap panel Granger causality style="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">test is applied. The model results indicate that economic growth causes renewable energy consumption style="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">in the Philippines and economic growth induces non-renewable energy consumption style="background: var(--highlight-yellow); color: inherit;">in Indonesia and Malaysia. A unidirectional causality relationship operating from renewable energy consumption to economic growth is approved for Brunei Darussalam. Finally, a unidirectional causality relationship working from renewable energy consumption to Brunei Darussalam’s economic growth is confirmed
Comparison of seedling morphological characteristics in brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) provenances
Get PDFÇalışma, Burdur-Gölhisar orman fidanlığında yetiştirilen, Bucak (Uludere) orijinli Döşemealtı tohum
bahçesi (TB19) (P2) ve Gölhisar (Evciler-Koçaş) orijinli Düzlerçamı tohum bahçesi (TB8)(P1)’nden elde
edilen tohumlardan gelen kızılçam fidanları üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı orijinli ve 1+0 yaşlı
kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) fidanları, aynı yetişme ortamında bazı morfolojik özellikler (fidan boyu,
kök boğazı çapı, en uzun kök uzunluğu, yan dal, tomurcuk, kök ve ibre sayıları) bakımından
karşılaştırılmıştır. Varyans analizi sonuçlarına göre, popülasyonlar fidan boyu ve kök boğazı çapı
bakımından benzerlik (p>0.05) gösterirken, kök ve tomurcuk sayısı bakımından popülasyonlar arası
anlamlı (p<0.05) farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanan korelasyon analizi sonucunda morfolojik
özellikler bakımından genel olarak anlamlı (p<0.05) pozitif ilişkiler ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, hesaplanan
gürbüzlük indisi bakımından en etkili olan faktörler sırasıyla en uzun kökün uzunluğu ve tomurcuk
sayısı olarak bulunmuştur. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü (TSE) fidan kalite sınıfları bakımından P1
popülasyonuna ait fidanların %56’sı 1. sınıf, %22’si 2. sınıf, %22’si dikime elverişsizdir. P2
popülasyonunda ise fidanların %84’ü 1. sınıf, %10’u 2. sınıf, %6’sı dikime elverişsiz olarak
belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında, Bucak (Uludere) orijinli fidanların gerek morfolojik
özellikler gerekse de TSE fidan kalitesi bakımından daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır.The study was carried out on Brutian Pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) seedlings from the seeds originated from
Dosemealti seed orchard (TB19) (P2) established by Bucak (Uludere) provenance and Duzlercami seed
orchard (TB8)(P1) established by Golhisar (Evciler-Kocas) provenance, grown in Burdur-Gölhisar forest
nursery. The seedling of the orchards of the species were sampled at 1 + 0 year to compare in terms of
some morphological characteristics (seedling height, root collar diameter, root length, side branch, bud,
root and needle numbers) at the nursery. According to the results of the variance analysis the seed
orchard populations were statistically similar (p>0.05) in terms of seedling length and root collar
diameter, while the populations had significant differences (p <0.05) in terms of root and bud numbers.
As a result of the correlation analysis, generally significant (p<0.05) positive relationships in terms of
morphological features were determined. In addition, the sturdiness index of the seedlings was
calculated in the light of the measurements obtained. The most effective factors in the context of the
sturdiness index were the length of the longest root and the number of buds, respectively. In terms of
seedling quality classes of the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE), 56%of the seedlings were 1st class,
22%were 2nd class, 22%were unsuitable for planting in P1. In the P2 population, 84%of the seedlings
were 1st class, 10%2nd class, 6%unsuitable for planting. As a result, it was determined that the
seedlings originated from Bucak (Uludere) showed higher growth performance in terms of both
morphological characteristics and TSE seedling quality than Golhisar
Developing a new equation between proximate contents and upper heat values of biomass sources and investigating the success of the equation
Get PDFBu çalışmada, biyokütle kaynaklarının üst ısı değerlerinin (ÜID) tahmini için proximate analizlerine
dayanan yeni bir denklem geliştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, termal dönüşüm süreçlerinde hammadde olarak
kullanılabilecek biyokütle kaynaklarını temsilen on farklı biyokütle örneği seçilmiştir. Bu örneklerin
kalori tayinler ve proximate analizleri yapılmış ve bir denklem geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen denklem
kullanılarak biyokütle kaynaklarının hesaplanan ÜID değerleri ve deneysel ÜID değerleri
karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca mutlak sapma ve yüzde hata değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra, biyokütle
kaynaklarının proximate analiz verileri ile kalorifik değerleri arasında bir ilişki kurulmaya çalışılmıştır.
MATLAB 2019A programı ile elde edilen denkleminin başarısı, literatürde bulunan 17 farklı
denklemlerle kıyaslanmıştır. Geliştirilen denklemin başarısının diğer eşitliklerden yüksek olduğu,
regresyon katsayısının 1 ve mutlak sapma değerlerinin sıfır olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, geliştirilen
denklemin literatürdeki farklı biyokütle örneklerinin kalorifik değerlerinin tahminindeki başarısı da
araştırılmıştır. Bu aşamada da 18 farklı biyokütle kaynağı kullanılmıştır ve denklemin mutlak sapma,
yüzde hata ve regresyon katsayıları tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerler sırasıyla 0.91 kJ/g(max.), % 4.3 (max.)
ve 0.91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen denkleminin diğer biyokütle kaynakları içinde oldukça başarılı
sonuçlar verdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.In this study, a new equation was developed based on proximate analysis for estimation of higher heat
values (HHV) of biomass sources. For this purpose, ten different biomass samples that can represent
biomass resources that can be used as raw materials in thermal conversion processes have been
selected and characterized. Then, a relationship was tried to be established between proximate analysis
data of biomass sources and calorific values. For this purpose, data analysis was done with MATLAB
2019A program and an equation was developed. HHV values and experimental HHV values of biomass
sources calculated using the equation were compared. Also, the absolute deviation and percent error
values were calculated. In addition, the success of the equation was compared with 17 different model
equations in the literature. It has been determined that the success of the developed equation is higher
than the other equations, the regression coefficient is 1 and the absolute deviation values are zero. In
addition, the success of the developed equation in the estimation of calorific values of different biomass
samples in the literature was investigated. At this stage, 18 different biomass sources were used and
absolute deviation, percent error and regression coefficients of the equation were determined. These
values are determined as 0.91 kJ/g (max.), 4.3% (max.) and 0.91, respectively. It is concluded that the
developed equation gives very successful results as also for other biomass sources