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Testing the durability of copper based preservative treated bamboos in ground-contact for six years
Full text linkIn this study, durability of bamboo samples in terms of the variability of location along culm
height (top, middle and bottom) were evaluated in
a ground-contact feld test for six years in comparison to Scots pine and beech wood samples. Bamboo
and wood samples were treated with Wolmanit-CB
(CCB) and Tanalith-E (Tan-E) solutions, and then
were installed in a feld located in the North-West of
Turkey. The decay resistance of samples was assessed
by weight loss, and compared by SEM observations
and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, chemical leaching from the samples was detected by ICP-OES after
the test. Results showed that un-treated bamboo and
wood samples had a very low durability such that
weight losses were found as 64–80% for bamboo and
57–63% for wood samples. The SEM micrographs
showed the characteristics decay patterns of soft-rot type I and brown-rot fungi in the parenchyma cells,
vessels and fbers in vascular bundles. Fungal hyphae
within the cell walls resulted in the gradual breakdown of the cell wall layers. FTIR analysis revealed
the mechanism of the biodegradation, which indicates
the reduction of carbohydrate content. The weight
loss in CCB and Tan-E treated bamboo samples was
reduced as 20–45% depending on bamboo height
parts, but the wood preservatives did not ensure suffcient resistance for six years against soil degrading organisms since more than half of the chemical
amount leached out from the bamboos to soil. Weight
losses were well confrmed by chemical leaching
rates for both CCB and Tan-E. It was observed that
the lower parts of the culm were more durable, which
was also in accordance with ICP-OES and SEM analysis. Copper-based preservatives seemed to be more
efcient in pine and beech wood samples than bamboos since the impregnability of bamboo was much
lower than that of wood
Intellectual traces of the border from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic: the image of the border in Namik Kemal, Ziya Gökalp and Mehmet Akif Ersoy
Full text linkBu çalışma, Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e geçişte sınırları dönemin entelektüellerinin
yaklaşımları üzerinden anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, dönemin önde gelen
entelektüellerinden Namık Kemal, Ziya Gökalp ve Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un düşüncesinde
sınır kavramı ele alınmıştır. Dönemin entelektüellerinin yaklaşımlarında ve çözüm
önerilerinde sınırların nerede yer aldıkları ve neleri sembolize ettikleri, bu çalışmanın temel
sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Bu sorunsal çerçevesinde, çalışmada, söz konusu
entelektüellerin yaklaşımları üzerinden Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e geçişte sınırların içerdiği
anlamlara odaklanılmıştır. Sınırların Namık Kemal’de kutsal bir fikir ve yüce bir değer
olarak vatanın bir parçası, Ziya Gökalp’te Turan’dan Anadolu’ya Türk milliyetçiliğinin,
millî kimliğin ve kültürel farklılıkların bir taşıyıcısı ve Mehmet Akif Ersoy’da mukaddes bir
mekânın ve Türk-İslam kimliğinin kurucu unsuru olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Her üç entelektüelin
düşüncesinde sınırlar, coğrafi bir işaret değil, aksine vatanı ve milleti ifade eden değerlerin
taşıyıcısıdır. Sözü edilen entelektüellerin yaklaşımlarından hareketle, sınırların, Osmanlı
vatanını korumanın ve Türk vatanını kurmanın bir adı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Söz
konusu dönemde sınırların yok olmaktan kurtulmanın ve yoktan var olmanın bir ifadesi
olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, Osmanlı’nın son döneminde sınırların savunmacı, buna
karşın erken Cumhuriyet döneminde inşacı bir karakterde olduğu anlaşılmıştırThis study aims to understand the borders in the transition from the Ottoman Empire to the
Republic through the approaches of the intellectuals of the period. For this purpose, the
concept of border was discussed in the thought of Namık Kemal, Ziya Gökalp and Mehmet
Akif Ersoy, who were the leading intellectuals of the period. The main problematic of this
study is where the borders are located and what they symbolize in the approaches and
solution proposals of the intellectuals of the period. Within the framework of this
problematic, the study focuses on the meanings contained in the borders of the transition
from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic through the approaches of the intellectuals in
question. It has been understood that borders are part of the homeland as a sacred idea and a
supreme value in Namık Kemal, a carrier of Turkish nationalism, national identity and
cultural differences from Turan to Anatolia in Ziya Gökalp, and a constituent element of a
sacred place and Turkish-Islamic identity in Mehmet Akif Ersoy. In the thinking of all three
intellectuals, borders are not a geographical sign, but rather the carrier of values that express
the homeland and nation. In the said period, it has been seen that borders are an expression
of getting rid of extinction and coming into existence out of nothing. In this context, it has
been understood that the borders were defensive in the last period of the Ottoman Empire,
but constructive in the early Republican period
Investigation of the TKGM CityGML data model in the context of 3D WebGIS applications
Full text linkCityGML, kent modellerinin depolanması ve transfer edilmesi için tasarlanmış, açık bir veri
modeli ve veri formatıdır. CityGML, 3B CBS uygulamalarında en çok kullanılan veri modeli
ve veri formatıdır. TKGM tarafından gerçekleştirilen 3B Kent Modelleri ve 3B Kadastro
Projesi kapsamında da CityGML veri modeli ve formatı kullanılmaktadır. Bu proje
kapsamında, CityGML veri modeli, veri modelinde tanımlı olmayan 3B kadastro
çalışmalarında gerekli verilerin tutulması için genişletilmelidir. Bu bağlamda TKGM, örnek
“TKGM CityGML” adlı bir veri modeli tasarlayarak, geliştiriciler için kullanılmak üzere bu
veri modeline uygun olarak hazırlanmış örnek bir dosya oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada
TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve örnek CityGML dosyası incelenmiştir. Böylece TKGM CityGML
veri modeline göre gerçekleştirilecek 3B CBS projelerinde veri modeli ve veri formatından
dolayı oluşabilecek sorunlar irdelenmiştir. Bu veri modelinin, veri tekrarına sebep olduğu,
içerisindeki verilerin ayrıştırılmasının zor olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle web uygulamaları
için TKGM CityGML veri modeli ve formatının uygun olmadığı görülmüş, bu çalışma
kapsamında tespit edilen sorunları gideren yeni bir veri modeli ve formatı önerilmiştirCityGML is designed as an open data model and XML-based format for the storage and
exchange of 3DCMs. CityGML is the most used data model and data format for 3D GIS
applications. It is also used by nationwide 3D cadastre project called 3D City Models and
3D Cadastre Project by General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. In the context
of this project, CityGML data model should be extended to store city objects that are not
defined in the existing CityGML data model. For this purpose, General Directorate of Land
Registry and Cadastre designed a new data model called “TKGM CityGML” and prepared
a sample CityGML file for TKGM CityGML data model to be used by developers. In this work,
TKGM data model and sample CityGML file has been investigated. The problems that may
arise in the 3D applications that use TKGM CityGML data model have been determined.
This work indicates that this data model causes data duplication, and this data format is
not easy to parse, just like the data model itself. Particularly, this data model and format
was not suitable for web applications and in this study a new data model and format have
been suggested to eliminate aforementioned problems
First report of Hierodula transcaucasica (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878) predation on the Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) in Georgia
No full textThe purpose of this study was to identify the mantid species in the population of the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug – Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855). H. halys is an economical pest on crops in Georgia, introduced and established rather recently. Mantids and H. halys were collected in the humid subtropical regions of Western Georgia and the dry subtropical regions of Eastern Georgia in 2018–2020. Based on the morphometric analysis and morphological observation confirmed that from four specimens, three belong to Hierodula transcaucasica Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878, and one of them–Iris polystictica Fisher-Waldheim, 1846 (Synonims: Mantid polystictica Fisher-Waldheim, 1846; Iris tiflisina Giglio-Tos, 1915) H.transcaucasica characterized with: total length of specimens were ranged from 65 mm to72 mm; knee of the mid and hind femora (HF) with a small spine; the medial face of the fore coxae (FC) without a black spot. I. polystictica had the following remarkable signs: fore femora (FF) with 5 external spines, frontal sclerite (FS) with 2 small round knobs (SRK). Observations in nature and laboratory experimentshave shown that H. transcaucasica predates on H. Halys in all stages of post-embryonic development. It was also established that mantids followed H. halys grouping sitesand migrating population outside the building as well as inside of it. Predation of the adults and nymphs of H. transcaucasica was documented after they underwent starvation periods. The 3rd instar nymph of H. transcaucasica preyed on the 1stinstar H. halys nymphs, while adult H. transcaucasica attacked adult of H. halys. A maximum number of H. halys (7 insect) were eaten by an adult H. transcaucasica on the first day, and in this case, the same number of nymphs (7 insects) were observedwithin the first hours of the experiment. Statistical analysis shows that there is no correlation between the intensity of predation and the time of the day, which is confirmed by the chi-square test, in the case of an adult mantid (χ2 = 80.00, P = 0.355), and in the case of nymph (χ2 = 32,250, P = 0.264) as well
Bulanık parçalı SWOT kullanılarak türkiye için yenilenebilir enerjiye ilişkin odak stratejilerin belirlenmesi
Full text linkDetermining the strategies that Turkey need to focus at the renewable energy field is aimed in this study. For this, an integrated
method called the Fuzzy Sectional SWOT consisting of the Fuzzy AHP and the Sectional SWOT methods was used. Some
disadvantages of the traditional SWOT analysis are eliminated with the method used. Firstly, the renewable energy field was divided
into 6 sub-sections (hyropower, solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen and geothermal) according to the logic of Sectional SWOT analysis.
Then strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each of these sub-sections were determined using the Sectional SWOT
analysis. Weights were found with the Fuzzy AHP method for each of the renewable energy sources and they were prioritized
according to these weights. Finally, focus strategies related to renewable energy field for Turkey were obtained with the creation of
strategies related to renewable energy sources. Consequently, the focus strategies which should be primarily addressed are related to
use of renewable energy potential, social awareness about the renewable energy, government supports and incentives related to the
renewable energy, selection of suitable areas for renewable energy plants and domestic production of the constituent parts of
renewable energy plants.Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin yenilenebilir enerji alanında odaklanması gereken stratejilerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için
Bulanık AHP ve Parçalı SWOT yöntemlerinden oluşan Bulanık Parçalı SWOT adı verilen entegre bir yöntem kullanılmıştır.
Geleneksel SWOT analizinin bazı dezavantajları, kullanılan yöntemle ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Öncelikle, yenilenebilir enerji alanı
Parçalı SWOT analizi mantığına göre 6 alt-bölüme (hidroelektrik, güneş, rüzgar, biyokütle, hidrojen ve jeotermal) ayrılmıştır. Daha
sonra, bu alt bölümlerin her biri için güçlü, zayıf yönler, fırsatlar ve tehditler, Parçalı SWOT analizi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir.
Bulanık AHP yöntemi ile yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının her biri için ağırlıklar bulunmuş ve kaynaklar bu ağırlıklara göre
önceliklendirilmiştir. Son olarak, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına ile ilgili stratejilerin oluşturulması ile Türkiye için yenilenebilir
enerji alanına ilişkin odak stratejiler elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak öncelikli olarak ele alınması gereken odak stratejiler, yenilenebilir
enerji potansiyelinin kullanımı, yenilenebilir enerji konusunda toplumsal farkındalık, yenilenebilir enerji ile ilgili devlet destekleri ve
teşvikleri, yenilenebilir enerji santralleri için uygun alanların seçimi ve yenilenebilir enerji santrallerinin bileşenlerinin yerli üretimi
ile ilgilidi
Intraocular pressure measured by rebound tonometry in seven raptor species
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of Rebound tonometer for the intraocular pressure measurement and to determine the correlation between intraocular pressure reference values and body weight in different raptor species.In the present study, intraocular pressure of 66 Long-legged buzzard (132 eyes), 20 Eurasian sparrowhawk (40 eyes), 13 Eurasian eagle-owl (26 eyes), 6 Golden eagles (12 eyes), 6 Common kestrels (12 eyes), 4 Peregrine falcon (8 eyes), 2 Griffon vulture (4 eyes), which referred to Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Med-icine, Department of Surgery Clinic were evaluated. In the ophthalmologic examination there was no lesion detected related to eyes. The mean body weight raptors was 1.10??0.23 kg in Long-legged buzzard, 0.23??0.06 kg in Eurasian sparrow hawk, 0.27??0.10 in Eurasian eagle-owl, 3.30??0.80 kg in Golden eagles, 0,18??0.04 kg in Common kestrels, 0,64??0,28 kg in Peregrine falcon and 2.28??0.43 kg in Griffon vulture. Rebound tonometer was used for measurement of intraocular pressure. Mean intraocular pressure of right and left eyes were in Long-legged buzzard 25.87??0.62-26.61??0.71, Eurasian sparrow hawk 11.90??0.40-12.05??0.41, Eurasian eagle-owl 12.00??0.63-12.61??0.57, Golden ea-gles 29.00??2.89-30.33??2.87, Common kestrels 11.75??0.17-10.83??0.47, Peregrine falcon 14.75??1.10-14.25??0.85 and Griffon vulture 15.00??1.00-14.50??0.50. As a result of the study, Rebound tonometer is a reliable method for measuring intraocular pressure in small eyes and minimizes stress, well tolerated by raptors in intraocular pressure measurements. While there was a positive correlation detected between body weight and IOP values among the species, no correlation was observed between body weight and IOP values within the same species. The intraocular pressure values obtained in this study will help veterinary ophthalmologists and wild animal veterinarians to evaluate changes intraocular pres-sure in raptor and contribute to the literature
Color associations in landscape design and subscription levels to these associations
No full textIn the present study, a two-tiered research method was adopted. In the first stage, a literature review was conducted to determine the associations that landscape colors evoke in individuals and each association was converted into a statement for each color. The developed 5-point Likert-type scale was submitted for expert opinion (N = 200), and factor analysis was conducted on the findings to determine correlated sub-factors and categorized in the same factor. Thus, three factor groups were determined. Thus, the survey form that will be used in the second study stage was finalized. The factor analysis was also conducted to reduce the number of statements in the scale. Furthermore, 102 statements with a factor load of below 0.30 were excluded. Thus, the final scale included 34 associations in 3 dimensions. In the second stage, the final 5-point Likert-type survey form was applied to the expert group (N = 200) and the participants (N = 200) to determine the agreement of these two groups with the associations. Also, the differences between the agreement levels of the two groups with the associations and the differences between the associations were determined. The statistical analyses revealed that there was a difference between the mean association scores of the participant and the expert groups in 3 factor groups at 0.05 significance level (sig. 0.000, F = 34.432). The direction and size of the correlations between the factors were determined with the correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the factors on others, and it was determined that there was a positive significant correlation between 1st factor and agreement and a negative significant correlation between the 2nd and 3rd factor groups and agreement. The order of the factors that explained the variation in agreement was the 1st factor (beta = .332; p = 0.000), the 2nd factor (beta = - .274; p = 0.000), and the 3rd factor (beta = - .157; p = 0.001), respectively
Analysis of soil moisture in semi-arid areas with multi-temporal RADARSAT-2 data
Full text link: Toprak nemi içeriği yeryüzünde enerji değişimi ve su döngüsü açısından çok önemli bir faktördür ve doğal risklerin değerlendirilmesi,
hidroloji, ekoloji, tarım ve iklim bilimi gibi pek çok alanda büyük etkiye sahiptir. Toprak nemi özellikle arazi kullanımlarında konumsal ve
zamansal olarak çok fazla değişerek çeşitli çevresel ve ekolojik sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu nedenlerden dolayı, toprak nem içeriğinin
konumsal değişiminin geniş ölçeklerde incelenmesi önemli bir araştırma konusudur. Sentetik Açıklıklı Radar (SAR) algılayıcıları toprak
nemine duyarlı oldukları ve geniş alanları kapsadıkları için toprak neminin tespit edilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada,
Tarım İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü Gözlü Tarım İşletmesi’nde seçilen buğday ekili ve nadasa bırakılmış tarlaların toprak nem içeriğinin
konumsal ve zamansal değişiminin tam polarimetrik RADARSAT-2 görüntüleri ile belirlenebilirliğinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. 2016
yılı Mart ve Ekim ayları arasında yapılan aylık arazi ölçümlerinden elde edilen yersel ölçüm değerleri SAR gerisaçılım değerleri ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, doğrudan geri saçılım ile nem değerleri arasında -0.65 ile 0.67 arasında değişen negatif ve pozitif
korelasyon katsayıları elde edilmiştir. Toprak nemi için ekili alanda buğdayın büyüme evresi olan Mayıs-Haziran döneminde daha yüksek
korelasyon belirlenmiş olup, her iki alan için en iyi sonuç VV polarimetrik verisi ile elde edilmiştir.Soil moisture content is a very important factor in terms of energy exchange and water cycle on Earth and has a great impact
in many areas regarding assessment of natural risks, hydrology, ecology, agriculture, and climate science. Soil moisture can greatly
change spatially and temporally, especially depending on land use changes, and the changing soil moisture may cause various
environmental and ecological problems. In this respect, it is an important research subject to examine the spatial change of soil moisture
content on large scales. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors play an important role in detecting soil moisture because they are sensitive
to soil moisture and they cover large areas. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the determination of the spatial and temporal variation
of soil moisture content using fully polarimetric RADARSAT-2 images in wheat cultivated field and fallow land located in The General
Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises Gözlü Agricultural Enterprise. The in-situ measurements obtained monthly from field surveys
between March and October 2016 were compared with the backscatter values of SAR images. As a result of the study, negative and positive
correlation coefficients varying from -0.65 to 0.67 were obtained between backscatter values and in-situ soil moisture values. The highest
correlations for soil moisture were obtained in the cultivated area during the May-June period, which is the growing stage of wheat, and
the best results for both areas were determined with VV polarimetric data
The unit generalized half-normal quantile regression model: formulation, estimation, diagnostics, and numerical applications
No full textIn this paper, we propose and derive a new regression model for response variables defined on the open unit interval. By
reparameterizing the unit generalized half-normal distribution, we get the interpretation of its location parameter as being
a quantile of the distribution. In addition, we can evaluate effects of the explanatory variables in the conditional quantiles
of the response variable as an alternative to the Kumaraswamy quantile regression model. The suitability of our proposal is
demonstrated with two simulated examples and two real applications. For such data sets, the obtained fits of the proposed
regression model are compared with that provided by a Kumaraswamy regression model
Cerrahi hastalarında perioperatif basınç yaralanması insidansının ve risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi: tanımlayıcı, ileriye yönelik ve karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
Full text linkObjective: This study aimed to determine the incidence
and risk factors of perioperative pressure injury (PI) in surgical patients.
Material and Methods: This descriptive, prospective, and comparative
study was conducted with 101 patients who underwent general surgery
in a training and research hospital in İstanbul between September 2018
and June 2019. Data were collected using the “Patient Data Form,” the
“Braden Scale,” and the “International Pressure Injury Classification
System.” Data were analyzed with parametric and nonparametric tests
using the SPSS package program. The statistical significance level was
taken as p<0.05. The necessary institutional and ethics committee permission was obtained to conduct the study. Results: In this study, it was
observed that the incidence of perioperative PI was 12.9% (13/101) in
surgical patients, and most developed after pancreaticoduodenectomy
(38.5%). Preoperative hemoglobin and serum albumin levels, surgical
time longer than 185 minutes, and intraoperative hypotensive episodes
were found to be determinant risk factors in the development of PI
(p<0.01). Conclusion: Surgical nurses should carefully evaluate individual and surgery-related risk factors and implement evidence-based
interventions in the prevention of pressure injuries.Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, cerrahi hastalarında perioperatif
basınç yaralanması insidansını ve risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve
Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı prospektif ve karşılaştırmalı çalışma, Eylül
2018-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da bir eğitim ve araştırma
hastanesinde genel cerrahi uygulanan 101 hasta ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler “Hasta Veri Formu,” “Braden Ölçeği” ve “Uluslararası Basınç
Yaralanması Sınıflandırma Sistemi” kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler, SPSS
paket programı kullanılarak parametrik ve parametrik olmayan testler ile
değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak alındı.
Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için gerekli kurum ve etik kurul izinleri alındı. Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, cerrahi hastalarında perioperatif
basınç yaralanması insidansının %12,9 (13/101) olduğu ve en çok
pankreatikoduodenektomi sonrası (%38,5) geliştiği görüldü. Perioperatif
basınç yaralanması gelişiminde belirleyici risk faktörlerinin; ameliyat
öncesi hemoglobin ve serum albumin düzeyleri, ameliyat süresi (≥185
dk) ve intraoperatif hipotansif atakların olduğu belirlendi (p<0,01).
Sonuç: Cerrahi hemşireleri, perioperatif basınç yaralanmalarının önlenmesinde bireysel ve cerrahi ile ilişkili risk faktörleri dikkatli bir şekilde
değerlendirmeli ve kanıta dayalı girişimleri uygulamalıdır