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Assessment of lake water quality using trophic state index and multivariable statistical analysis: A case study of Karagöl, Şavşat, Turkey
No full textThe study area is the lake located within the Karagöl-Sahara National Park, which is one of the important tourism regions of Turkey. This area, with its rich biodiversity and natural selection forests, is located in the Caucasus hotspot, which is defined as one of the 35 biodiversity hotspots in the world by the Conservation International. The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality of Karagöl using the trophic state index (TSI) and multivariate statistical analysis. For this purpose, water samples were taken from six points on the lake surface from July to August in 2021. Water samples were taken from points where polluting factors are concentrated. Parameters measured to assess water quality are total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), secchi disc (SD), chlorophyll (Chla), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids, and turbidity. The index proposed by Carslon was used for the trophic classification of the lake ecosystem. This index is evaluated by considering the relationships between chlorophyll (Chla), total phosphorus (TP), and secchi disc depth (SD) for lakes. Relationships between data were evaluated using multivariate statistical analysis. Statistical methods used in the evaluation of data are principal component analysis (PCA). With the trophic status index, the water quality of the lake was found to be close to the mesotrophic level. As a result of the PCA analysis, it was calculated that two important factors are important in the lake water quality
Post-disaster temporary shelter area selection and planning by using delphi method: ızmir/seferihisar case
Get PDFAfet sonrası geçici barınma alanlarının gerekli ölçütlere uygun olarak yer seçimlerinin yapılması ve vaziyet planlarının tasarımı, afet ve risk yönetimi çalışmalarının en önemli konularındandır. Türkiye’de bu konu Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı (AFAD) tarafından koordine edilmektedir. AFAD tarafından 2015 yılında ilan edilen “Geçici Barınma Merkezlerinin Kurulması, Yönetilmesi ve İşletilmesi Hakkında Yönerge” ulusal ölçütleri büyük ölçüde tanımlasa da, uluslararası literatürdeki kadar detaylandırılmamış ve ölçütler önemlerine göre derecelendirilmemiştir. Ayrıca, AFAD tarafından İzmir ili için önerilmiş olan afet sonrası geçici barınma alanlarının, ulusal ve uluslararası mevzuata ve literatürdeki çalışmalarda önerilen ölçütlere uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesi de bilinebildiği kadarıyla henüz yapılmamıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın ilk amacı, afet sonrası geçici barınma alanlarının yer seçimi, planlama ve tasarımına dair ölçütlerin Delphi yöntemi kullanılarak derlenmesi, gruplanması, tanımlanması ve derecelendirilmesidir. Delphi yöntemi ile ortaya konan yer seçim-planlama ölçütleri listesi yardımıyla İzmir için önerilmiş olan afet sonrası geçici barınma alanlarının uygunluk analizinin yapılması çalışmanın bir diğer amacıdır. Delphi yöntemi ile yapılan üç aşamalı panel sonucunda oluşan ölçütler listesine göre, İzmir’de sınırlı sayıda alanın gereklilikleri karşılayabildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu alanlardan biri olan Seferihisar2 alanının neden en uygun alan olduğu açıklanmış, yine Delphi yöntemi ile elde edilen tasarım-uygulama ölçütlerine dayanarak alan üzerinde örnek bir konteyner-kent vaziyet planı yapılmıştır.Site selection of the post-disaster temporary shelter areas and their site plan designs constitute one of the most important issues of disaster and risk management studies. In Turkey, the Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) coordinates this research. Although the "Directive on the Establishment, Management and Operation of Temporary Shelter Centers" released by AFAD in 2015 mostly defines the national criteria, it is not as detailed as the regulations revealed in the international literature. Moreover, the criteria announced in this directive are not ranked according to their importance. As another important gap, convenience of the post-disaster temporary shelter areas suggested by AFAD for the province of Izmir has not been yet evaluated according to the national and international legislations. In order to meet these gaps, the first aim of this study is to compile, group, define and rank the criteria for the site selection and planning of post-disaster temporary shelter areas using Delphi method. The second aim of the study is to analyze the convenience of the post-disaster temporary shelter areas, which were suggested for Izmir by AFAD, using the site selection/planning criteria put forward by the Delphi method. According to the criteria list formed as a result of the three-stage Delphi panels, it has been determined that a limited number of areas in Izmir can meet the requirements. It has been explained why Seferihisar2, one of these areas, is the most suitable area, and a sample container-city site plan has been made on the area based on the design/implementation criteria obtained with the Delphi method
Spatial analysis of building density and liquefaction spread in Izmit bay and its surroundings
Get PDF2017 yılı Aralık ayından itibaren KOÜ Harita Mühendisliği Bölümü’nün yürütücülüğü ve Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin desteği ile “Çok Bandlı InSAR ve GNSS Tekniği ile Doğu Marmara (İzmit Körfezi) Düşey Yönlü Yer Değiştirmelerin İzlenmesi, Zemin Çökmeleri ile Bina Yoğunluğu ve Sıvılaşma İlişkisinin Araştırılması” başlıklı ve 117Y155 numaralı TÜBİTAK projesi kapsamında İzmit körfez bölgesinde risklerin tespiti için çalışmalara başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, proje kapsamında yapılan bina yoğunluk analizleri ve sıvılaşmanın körfez bölgesi çevresindeki mekânsal dağılımı CBS ortamında bütünleşik olarak ele alınarak mekânsal dağılımları incelenmiştir. Zemindeki yüke ait bilgi çıkarımı için binaların 3. boyutu dikkate alınarak bina katlarının mekânsal dağılımları mekânsal otokorelasyon çalışmaları ile irdelenmiştir. Mekansal otokorelasyon analizlerinden Lokal Moran’s I istatistikleri dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca körfez ve çevresinde görülen sıvılaşma potansiyeli 0-3 m, 3-6 m, 6-9 m, 9-12m’den 33-35 m derinlikleri için oluşturulmuştur. Sıvılaşma potansiyel eşiklerine göre, farklı derinlikler için, sıvılaşma değerleri kategorize edilerek sıvılaşma alanları ve riskli bölgeler tanımlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak sıvılaşma risk alanlarında bulunan bina tespitleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma; ileriye yönelik doğal afetlere karşı sürdürülebilir önlemlerin alınması, yapılaşma hızı ve yoğunluğu için önlem planlarının hazırlanması, Gölcük ve İzmit Körfez çevresinde bina ve zemin sıvılaşmalarının mevcut durumunun belirlenmesi, risk taşıyan alanlarda mühendislik tedbirlerinin alınarak yapı ve can güvenliğinin sağlanması ve afet değerlendirmelerinde altlık oluşturması açısından önem arz etmektedir.Since December 2017, with the support of Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality and with the leadership of Kocaeli University Geomatic Department, TÜBİTAK project numbered 117Y155 and titled “Monitoring of Vertical Displacements in East Marmara (Izmit Bay) with Multi-Band InSAR and GNSS Techniques, Investigation of the Relationship Between Ground Collapse and Building Density and Liquefaction" studies have been initiated to determine the risks in the Izmit Bay area. In this context, the spatial distribution of the building density analyzes and the spatial distribution of liquefaction around the gulf region were handled and integrated in the GIS environment within the scope of the project. The spatial distributions of the building floors were examined by spatial autocorrelation studies, taking into account the 3rd dimension of the buildings for the extraction of information about the load on the ground. Among the spatial autocorrelation analysis, Local Moran’s I statistics were taken into consideration comparatively. In addition, the liquefaction potential observed around the bay and its surroundings is evaluated for 0-3 m, 3-6 m, 6- 9 m, 9-12 m from 33-35 m depths. Liquefaction areas and risky areas are defined by categorizing liquefaction values for different depths according to liquefaction potential thresholds. As a result, buildings in liquefaction risk areas were determined. The study is important in terms of taking sustainable precautions against future natural disasters, preparing precaution plans for the speed and density of construction, determining the current situation of building and ground liquefaction around Gölcük and Izmit Bay, taking engineering measures in risky areas and providing building and life safety and creating a basis for disaster assessments
Vasicek quantile and mean regression models for bounded data: new formulation, mathematical derivations, and numerical applications
Get PDFThe Vasicek distribution is a two-parameter probability model with bounded support on the open unit interval. This distribution allows for different and flexible shapes and plays an important role in many statistical applications, especially for modeling default rates in the field of finance. Although its probability density function resembles some well-known distributions, such as the beta and Kumaraswamy models, the Vasicek distribution has not been considered to analyze data on the unit interval, especially when we have, in addition to a response variable, one or more covariates. In this paper, we propose to estimate quantiles or means, conditional on covariates, assuming that the response variable is Vasicek distributed. Through appropriate link functions, two Vasicek regression models for data on the unit interval are formulated: one considers a quantile parameterization and another one its original parameterization. Monte Carlo simulations are provided to assess the statistical properties of the maximum likelihood estimators, as well as the coverage probability. An R package developed by the authors, named vasicekreg, makes available the results of the present investigation. Applications with two real data sets are conducted for illustrative purposes: in one of them, the unit Vasicek quantile regression outperforms the models based on the Johnson-SB, Kumaraswamy, unit-logistic, and unit-Weibull distributions, whereas in the second one, the unit Vasicek mean regression outperforms the fits obtained by the beta and simplex distributions. Our investigation suggests that unit Vasicek quantile and mean regressions can be of practical usage as alternatives to some well-known models for analyzing data on the unit interval
Health risk assessment of soil trace elements using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation approach
No full textIn this study, the performance of the Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) approach was studied with the aim of accurately determining local health risk distributions associated with trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). This study plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of health risk levels, especially from heavy metals. In the SGS approach, health risk levels (non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic) were calculated for pixel sizes of 250 × 250 m2. Results were compared to the conventional Ordinary Kriging (OK) method. The cross-validation performances of both methods were compared. Non-carcinogenic health risks calculated according to SGS and OK for children were, respectively, ρc: 0.57 and 0.23, RMSE: 0.45 and 0.57, and MAE: 0.33 and 0.43. In the case of adults, non-carcinogenic SGS and OK results were, respectively, ρc: 0.53 and 0.24, RMSE: 0.06 and 0.07, and MAE: 0.04 and 0.05 for adults. Carcinogenic health risk estimates obtained by SGS and OK were, respectively, ρc: 0.72 and 0.31, RMSE: 4.1 × 10−5 and 5.8 × 10−5, and MAE: 3.2 × 10−5 and 4.3 × 10−5 in the case of children, and in the case of adults the results were, respectively, ρc: 0.71 and 0.30, RMSE: 5 × 10−6 and 4.3 × 10−6, and MAE: 4 × 10−6 and 5 × 10−6. These results indicated that SGS offered a more accurate approach in determining health risk distributions
Flipped classroom in higher education: An investigation of instructor perceptions through the lens of TPACK
No full textThis study was carried out by using the nested single case study design, which is a
qualitative case study method, in order to determine the experiences and thoughts of
the instructors about the fipped classroom method. The experiences of the instructors related to the fipped classroom were examined within the framework of Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). The study group of the
research consisted of instructors working at a state university in Turkey, and taking
part in 4 diferent departments determined by purposive sampling. Five instructors
were interviewed, and one instructor’s lesson was observed. The data were collected
through a semi-structured interview form and observation form developed by the
researchers. Content analysis method was used in the data analysis. The defnitions
of the fipped classroom, the technologies used in the fipped classroom, the efects
of the fipped classroom on students, the difculties encountered in the fipped classroom, and the themes and sub-themes for making the fipped classroom more efective were determined as a result of the interviews with the instructors. There were
various positive and negative opinions of the participants under each topic. According to the results of the study, TPACK-related competencies of the instructors in
integrating technology into learning environments also had an important place in the
development or provision of course materials as well as the use of these materials in
the fipped classroom
Detection and analysis of burned areas with sentinel-2 msı and landsat-8 olı: Çanakkale / Gelibolu Forest Fire
Get PDFSon yıllarda artan orman yangınları bitki örtüsüne ve birçok canlıya ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Uzaktan algılama teknolojisi ve bazı algoritmalar orman yangını sonrası arazinin durumunu incelemek ve çeşitli analizler yapmak için kullanılmaktadır. Farklı özelliklere sahip uydu görüntüleri (Sentinel, Landsat, MODIS, SPOT, vb.), yangın hasarlarını belirlemek ve yanmış alanların haritalarını üretmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 6 Temmuz 2020 tarihinde Çanakkale ili Gelibolu ilçesinde meydana gelen orman yangını, Sentinel-2 MSI ve Landsat-8 OLI uydu görüntüleri ve uzaktan algılama indeksleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma bölgesine ait orman yangını öncesi ve orman yangını sonrası görüntüler ile Yanmış Alan İndeksi (BAI), Normalize Edilmiş Nem İndeksi (NDMI), Normalize Edilmiş Yanma Şiddeti (NBR) ve Normalize Edilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (NDVI) hesaplanmıştır. Yangın sonrası tahrip olmuş orman alanını hesaplamak amacıyla yangın öncesi ve sonrası için hesaplanan indekslerin farkları alınmıştır. Hata matrisi ile doğruluk değerlendirmesi için genel doğruluk, kullanıcı doğruluğu, üretici doğruluğu ve Kappa istatistiği hesaplanmış ve doğruluk değerlendirme sonuçları karşılaştırılarak Landsat-8 OLI ve Sentinel-2 MSI için performans değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonucunda hem Landsat-8 OLI hem de Sentinel-2 MSI için en doğru indeksin Fark Normalize Edilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (dNDVI) olduğu bulunup Kappa sonuçları sırasıyla 0.94 ve 0.95 olarak hesaplanmıştır.Recently, increasing wildfires have caused severe damage to vegetation and many living creatures. Remote sensing technologies and various algorithms are used to determine and analyze the burned forest areas. Different remotely sensed images such as Sentinel-2 MSI, Landsat, MODIS, SPOT were used to determine forest fire damage and to produce maps for burned areas. In this study, the 6 July 2020 dated wildfire that occurred in the Gallipoli district of Çanakkale province has been analyzed by using Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI satellite images. Burned Area Index (BAI), Normalized Moisture Index (NDMI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were calculated with the pre and post-fire satellite images of the study area. The differences of the pre and post-fire indices were calculated to determine the burned forest area. Error matrix was produced for accuracy assessment. Overall accuracy, user accuracy, producer accuracy, and Kappa statistics were calculated, and performances were evaluated for different sensors and different indices by comparing the accuracy assessment results. The highest accuracy results were achieved with Differenced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (dNDVI) for both Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI images, and Kappa statistic results were obtained as 0.94 and 0.95, respectively
Investigating the link between psychological maltreatment, shyness, hope, and wellbeing
No full textPsychological maltreatment, which is expressed as a universal problem, negatively affects individuals in all areas of life, from childhood to adulthood. At the same time, exposure of individuals to psychological maltreatment in the past negatively affects their present and future behavior. The present study seeks to examine the association among psychological maltreatment, shyness, hope, and wellbeing. Using data collected from 372 Turkish university students, we tested the proposed hypotheses by hierarchical regression analysis. Psychological maltreatment was negatively associated with wellbeing and hope, and was positively associated with shyness. The findings also indicated that psychological maltreatment, shyness, and hope significantly predicted wellbeing. The results provide further evidence to support the contention that psychological maltreatment, shyness, and hope exert an influence on individual's wellbeing
Comparatively evaluating the effects of exercising at the anaerobic threshold on oxidative stress and serum levels of leptin, nesfatin-1 and irisin in sedentary male and females
No full textStudy Objectives: Exercise has a great impact in increases of energy metabolism and imbalance of oxidant-antioxidant status. We aimed to analyse the association between exercise-induced oxidative stress and energy regulatory hormones of leptin, nesfatin-1 and irisin in sedentary male and female subjects. Methods: A total of 30 subjects (15 males and 15 females) performed an aerobic exercise approximately 45 min. Blood samples were taken at baseline and the end of the exercise. ELISA method was used to analyse parameters of leptin nesfatin-1, irisin, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS). Result: Exercise caused a significant increase in levels of irisin and TOS but TAS level decreased. In addition, leptin and irisin levels increased significantly in females, but they did not change significantly in males. Conclusion: However, gender differences have a great impact on energy regulatory hormones which needed to be evaluated in further studies. Energy regulatory hormones did not correlate with the change of TAS and TOS levels
Investigation of the effects of acetone o-(4 chlorophenylsulfonyl) oxime pre-application on biochemical parameters of maize seedlings under salt stress
Get PDFMevcut çalışmanın temel amacı, tuz stresi altındaki mısır fidelerine aseton O-(4 klorofenilsülfonil) oksim
(AO) molekülünün ön muamelesinin stresin olumsuz etkilerini hafifletici etkilerinin olup olmadığının
araştırılmasıdır. Bunun için; 18 saat distile su kontrol (K), 6 saat AO+12 saat distile su (AO), 6 saat distile
su+12 saat 100 mM NaCl (TS) ve 6 saat AO+12 saat 100 mM NaCl (AO+TS) deney düzeneği kurulmuştur.
Elde edilen bulgulara göre; kontrol uygulaması ile AO uygulaması arasında nispi su içeriği (NSİ) açısından
bir fark saptanamazken, TS’de ciddi bir düşüş AO+TS’de ise kontrole göre önemli bir artış olduğu
belirlendi. Klorofil içeriği TS uygulamasında AO ve kontrole göre azalırken, AO+TS uygulamasında içerik
TS’ye göre önemli bir artış gösterdi. En yüksek karotenoid içeriği TS uygulamasında görülürken, en düşük
içerik AO+TS’de belirlendi. MDA ve H2O2 içeriklerinde AO uygulamasında kontrole göre önemli bir azalış
gözlenirken, TS’de kontrole göre ciddi bir artış AO+TS’de ise TS ile kıyaslandığında önemli bir azalış
belirlendi. Guaiacol peroksidaz, katalaz, askorbat peroksidaz ve süperoksit dismutaz enzimleri AO ön
uygulaması ile aktivitelerini düzenleyerek MDA ve H2O2 içeriğini önemli ölçüde azalttığı belirlendi. AO
uygulaması ile prolin içeriğinde kontrole göre önemli bir artış gözlenirken, AO+TS’nin TS uygulamasına
göre içerikte önemli bir azalışa neden olduğu belirlendi. AO uygulamasının fenolik madde içeriği
üzerinde önemli değişikliklere neden olduğu gözlendi. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, tuz stresi altındaki
mısır fidelerine AO ön uygulamasının metabolizmanın genel işleyişini engelleme potansiyeline sahip
radikallerin oluşumunu engelleyebileceğini düşündürmektedir.The main purpose of the current study is to investigate if the pretreatment of acetone O-(4
chlorophenylsulfonyl) oxime (AO) molecule on maize seedlings under salt stress has mitigating effects
on the adverse effects of stress or not. The following experimental setup was established: 18 hours
distilled water control (K), 6 hours AO+12 hours distilled water (AO), 6 hours distilled water+then 12
hours 100 mM NaCl (TS) and 6 hours AO+then 12 hours 100 mM NaCl (AO+TS). According to the
findings; While there was no difference between the control application and the AO application in terms
of relative water content (RSI), it was determined that there was a significant decrease in TS and a
significant increase in AO+TS compared to the control. While the chlorophyll content decreased in TS
application compared to AO and control, the content increased significantly in AO+TS application
compared to TS. While the highest carotenoid content was observed in the TS application, the lowest
content was determined in AO+TS. While a significant decrease was observed in MDA and H2O2
contents in AO application compared to the control, a significant increase in TS compared to the control
and a significant decrease in AO+TS compared to TS were determined. It was determined that guaiacol
peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes significantly reduced
MDA and H2O2 content by regulating their activities with AO pre-application. While a significant
increase was observed in proline content with AO application compared to control, it was determined
that AO+TS caused a significant decrease in content compared to TS application. It was observed that
AO application caused significant changes in the phenolic substance content. In the light of the findings,
it is thought that it can be concluded that AO pre-application to maize seedlings under salt stress can
prevent th