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Analysis of temporal and spatial change in Acıçay (Çankırı) Riparian Zone
Get PDFAkarsu kıyı bölgeleri sahip; oldukları bitki örtüsü nedeniyle mecra erozyonunu önleme, kıyı
stabilizasyonunu sağlama, yaban hayvanları için beslenme ve barınma, habitatlar arasında göç yolları ve
durak noktaları olarak hizmet etmektedir. Riparian zondaki antropojenik etkiler, yukarı havzalardan alt
havzalara kadar topoğrafyada ve arazi kullanma türünde önemli değişikliğe neden olmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada Çankırı'da yer alan Acıçay'ın üç farklı dere kıyısı zonunda (0-60m-Zon 1, 60-120m-Zon 2, 120-
180m- Zon 3) meydana gelen zamansal ve mekânsal arazi kullanım değişimlerinin ortaya konulması
amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 2008-2021 yılları arasını kapsayan çalışmada Sentinel 2 uydu görüntüsü ve
orto foto görüntüleri kullanılmış ve arazi gözlem noktalarında bitki türleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma
alanında akarsu koridoru boyunca en çok tespit edilen odunsu türler Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge ve
Elaeagnus angustifolia L. olarak belirlenmiştir. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla ortaya çıkan arazi
kullanma türü değişikliği sonuçlara göre, birinci zonda akarsu yatağı alanlarında 6.2’ha, akarsu kenarı
vejetasyonu alanlarında 9.9 ha, mera alanlarında 1.5 ha azalma saptanmıştır. Buna karşılık tarım,
yerleşim ve diğer alanlarda artış belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre akarsu kenarı vejetasyonu
alanlarının en çok 0-60m’lik zonda tahribata uğradığı belirlenmiştir.Due to the vegetation they have, the riverine coastal areas serve as preventing channel erosion,
providing coastal stabilization, feeding and sheltering for wild animals, migration routes, and stopping
points between habitats. Anthropogenic effects in the riparian zone cause significant changes in the
topography and land use types from the upper watersheds to the lower watersheds. This study, it is
aimed to reveal the temporal and spatial land-use changes that occur in three different riparian zones
(0-60m-Zone 1, 60-120m- Zone 2, 120-180m- Zone 3) of Acıçay located in Çankırı. For this purpose,
Sentinel 2 satellite images and ortho photo images were used in the study covering the years 2008-
2021 and plant species were determined at the field observation points. The most common woody
species along the river corridor in the study area were Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge and Elaeagnus
angustifolia L.. According to the results of the land use type change that emerged with the help of
geographic information systems, a decrease of 6.2 ha in the river bed areas, 9.9 ha in the riparian
vegetation areas, and 1.5 ha in the pasture areas in the first zone. On the other hand, an increase was
determined in agriculture, settlement, and other areas. According to the results obtained, it was
determined that the riparian vegetation areas were mostly damaged in the 0-60m zone
Improvements on road centerline extraction by combining voronoi diagram and intensity feature from 3D UAV-based point cloud
No full text6th International Conference on Smart City Applications, SCA 2021Safranbolu27 October 2021 through 29 October 2021Code 274389This study presents an application for road data users to make it easier to identify the centerline of roads. Images obtained from high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) provide a reliable database for fundamental applications such as road safety, road maintenance, traffic network, city planning, and vehicle navigation systems, thanks to accurate road extraction and centerline. Road extraction methods are based on algorithms that usually classify roads from 2D images. However, such data are difficult to provide high accuracy spatial information. Moreover, there are limitations for spatial information extraction problems for the road centerline. To overcome these limitations, we present a method to extract road centerline with 3D data based on point clouds that provide reliable information from UAV images. Commonly used three measures, namely Completeness, Correctness and Quality, for the road centerline extraction are 0.905, 0.999 and 0.905, respectively
Investigation of empty container shortage based on SWARA-ARAS methods in the COVID-19 era
Get PDFA shortage of empty containers has become a global crisis with more devastating effects than during previous periods when combined with various problems arising from the COVID-19, such as an increase in an imbalance of global trade between supply and demand, a decrease in the workforce, and restrictions by countries or regional quarantine practices. The absence of empty containers in regions where they are needed slows down industrial activities and locks the global supply networks, necessitating the use of alternative methods that are inefficient. Although this shortage causes many disruptions in global trade, solutions to the issue have not been studied in detail. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the issues caused by the shortage of empty containers and to rank the appropriate solutions. Four main criteria and sixteen subcategories used to define the issues, as well as a multi criteria decision model comprising five criteria for the solutions, were proposed based on information from the literature, sectorial publications, and expert opinions. The issues’ weighted order of importance in our proposed model was calculated using the SWARA (Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) method; solutions were ranked using the ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) method. The results of the study revealed that the issues were ranked in importance as cost increases, uncertainty in the supply chain, volume loss, and increases in blank sailing announcements. Appropriate solutions were ranked as booking guarantee applications and information communication technologies, using shipper-owned containers, inducement calls, and E2E (end to end) delivery services
Investigation and mapping of natural and artificial radioactivity in sediment samples from Borcka Black Lake, Artvin-Turkey
No full textAll living creatures in nature are constantly exposed to ionising radiation, which is emitted from natural and artificial radiation sources. For this reason, it is important to monitor the levels of radioactivity in living spaces and visited areas. In this study, natural (U-238, Th-232, K-40) and artificial (Cs-137) radioactivity concentrations in sediment samples taken from Borcka Black Lake located on the Nature Park in Artvin province were determined using a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). It was determined that U-238, Th-232, K-40 and Cs-137 radioisotope concentrations in the sediment samples varied between 8.73 and 26.45, 7.01 and 22.98, 289.92 and 578.98, and 6.26 and 70.96 Bq kg(-1), respectively. Mean radioactivity concentrations were found to be 14.99 +/- 0.89 Bq kg(-1) for U-238, 13.85 +/- 1.10 Bq kg(-1) for Th-232, 473.67 +/- 14.21 Bq kg(-1) for K-40 and 35.06 +/- 0.96 Bq kg(-1) for Cs-137. In order to evaluate the radiological hazards, radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, absorbed dose rate in the air, the annual effective dose rate and excess life time cancer risk were calculated and compared with the values recommended by international organisations. As a result, it has been shown with this study that the radioactivity caused by the examined radioisotopes will not pose any health risk for the visitors of Borcka Black Lake
The life and activities of the First Mustafa
No full textOsmanlı İmparatorluğu tarihinde Sultan Mustafa'nın iki hakimiyet dönemindeki siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal olaylar incelenmiştir. Ele alınan dönemde imparatorluk bünyesinde yaşanan dönüşümlere ve yönetimsel bozukluklara değinilerek devlet kademesindeki bürokratların yaşanan olaylara tepkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Birinci Mustafa'nın tahta çıkışlarındaki genel durumlar, ekber erşed sisteminin devlet yönetimi üzerindeki etkisi, I. Mustafa'nın akıl sağlığı sorunları, yeniçeriler ve sipahilerin değişken siyasetleri, ulemanın devlet yönetimindeki etkisi, I. Mustafa'nın yönetimden yeterince etkin olamaması sebebi ile Valide Sultan'ın ve sık aralıklarla değişen veziriazamların devlet idaresinde oldukça etkin olması konuları ele alınmıştır. Tüm bu çalışmalar arşiv belgeleri, döneme ait olan veya döneme yakın tarihlerde kaleme alınan çağdaş kaynaklar ile modern kaynaklar bir arada değerlendirilerek incelenmiştir. Sultan Mustafa'nın akıl sağlığı hakkında öne sürülen iddialar incelenerek onun akıl sağlığının devlet idare etmede yeterli olup olmadığı değerlendirilmiştir. Yine aynı konu ile ilgili onun deli değil veli olduğunu iddia eden bilgiler incelenerek birtakım değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Birinci Mustafa'nın ikinci saltanat döneminde meydana gelen iç isyanlar ele alınmıştır. Bu isyanlardan en önemlisi olan Abaza Mehmed Paşa'nın isyanı etraflıca incelenerek değerlendirilmiştir.s examined political, economic and social events of Sultan Mustafa’s two reigns in
the history of the Ottoman Empire. It’s discussed social transformation and the adminisrative
disorders of the Empire at this period and the reactions to the events of the bureucrats are
analyzed.
It’s studied the general conditions of the Empire during the reigns of Mustafa I, the
effects of the ahbar ershad system on the government, the mental problems of Mustafa I, the
unstable politics of the janissaries an the cavalrymen,the impacts of the ulema on the
government and the strong effects of Valide Sultan and the grand viziers changing frequently
because of Mustafa I’s inability of stating the govenrment. The whole study depends on the
documents archieved, contemporary sources belonging to the period or written recently and
modern sources together.
It’s evaluated that if Sultan Mustafa was adequate to state a government by examining
the claims about his sanity. And the view claiming that he was not Mustafa the Mad, he was
Mustafa the Saint is examined and evaluated.
The internal rebellions that occured during the second reign of Mustafa I are analysed.
Abaza Mehmed Pasha Rebellion, one of the most important ones of these rebellions, is deeply
examined in this study
Erzurum ili Aziziye ilçesinde farklı arazi kullanımlarına bazı toprak özelliklerinin değişimi
Get PDFBu çalışmada Erzurum ili Aziziye ilçesinde Palandöken mevkiinde Sarıçam türünün bulunduğu orman alanları ve bunların bitişiğindeki mera alanlarının bazı toprak özelliklerinin (tekstür, toprak reaksiyonu, organik madde) irdelenmesi ve bu arazi kullanımlarının toprak özelliklerine etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla Erzurum Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü sınırları dahilinde bulunan 416 numaralı bölmede yer alan ve 1999-2000 yıllarında sarıçam ağaçlandırması ile teşkil edilen orman alanından ve bitişiğindeki mera alanından farklı derinlik kademelerinde (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-60 cm) alınan topraklarda; hidrometre yöntemi ile tekstür analizi, pH ölçümü ile toprak reaksiyonu belirlenmesi ve yaş yakma yöntemi ile organik madde tayini yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda toprakların kum içeriği % 25,21-90,12 arasında, kil içeriği % 7,50-50,04 arasında, toz içeriği % 0,59-37,06 arasında bulunmuştur. Toprakların pH değerleri 5,42-8,10 arasında, organik madde içeriği % 1,09-6,57 arasında bulunmuştur. Orman ve mera alanlarının toprakları arasında tekstür ve organik madde içeriği için anlamlı farklılık bulunmadığı; pH için alt kademedeki topraklarda anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Her iki alanda derinlik kademeleri arasında organik madde ve toz ve kil içeriği için anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Korelasyon analizi sonucunda üst toprakta organik madde ile hem kil içeriği hem pH değerleri arasında anlamlı negatif ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak mera alanı toprağı, üst tabakasında tekstür ve organik madde bakımından verimli olan toprağın kaybı olmayan bir saha olarak belirlenmiştir. Sarıçam ağaçlandırması ile teşkil edilen orman da geçen süreçte mevcut durumu muhafaza etmiştir. Ağaçlar alana gelse de toprak profili boyunca kil taşınımı devam etmiş, yine de baz yıkanması azalmıştır. Verimli meraların ağaçlandırılması, ağaçların gelişiminde olumlu katkı yaparak olgun bir orman haline getirilmesiyle, ormanlık alanların tohumla doğal yayılışına olumlu katkı yapabilir. Yine de dayanıklı türlerin ağaçlandırılmasında verimsiz alanların tercih edilmesi toprak koruma açısından önemlidir.In this study, it is aimed to examine some soil properties (texture, soil reaction, organic matter) of the forest areas where the Sotch pine species is found and the pasture areas adjacent to them in Palandöken locality in the Aziziye district of Erzurum and to reveal the effects of these land uses on soil properties. For this purpose, in the soils taken at different depth levels from the forest area formed by Scots pine afforestation in 1999-2000 and the pasture area located in the section numbered 416 within the borders of Erzurum Forestry Directorate; texture analysis by hydrometer method, soil reaction determination by pH measurement and organic matter determination by wet digestion method were carried out. As a result of the analyzes, the sand content of the soils was found to be between 25.21-90.12%, the clay content between 7.50-50.04%, and the silt content between 0.59-37.06%. The pH values of the soils were found to be between 5.42-8.10, and the organic matter content was between 1.09-6.57%. It was determined that there was no significant difference in texture and organic matter content between the soils of forest and pasture areas and that there was a significant difference between the forest and pasture areas for pH in soils at the lower level. Significant differences were found for organic matter, silt, and clay content between depth levels in both areas. According to the correlation analysis, it was determined that there was a significant negative relationship between organic matter in the topsoil and both clay content and pH values. As a result, the pasture area soil has been determined as an area without loss of soil that is fertile in terms of texture and organic matter in its upper layer. The forest formed by scotch pine afforestation has also preserved its current situation in the past period. Although trees came to the area, clay transport continued along the soil profile, but base leaching was still reduced. Afforestation of productive pastures can make a positive contribution to the natural spread of forest areas with seeds by making a mature forest via making a positive contribution to the development of trees. However, it is important for soil protection to prefer unproductive areas for afforestation of resistant species
Bazı bitki uçucu yağlarının Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) ve Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae ve Curculionidae) erginleri üzerindeki insektisidal aktiviteleri
Get PDFIn this study, the insecticidal activities of the essential oils extracted from Cuminum cyminum L.,
Mentha longifolia L. and Allivum sativum L. by hydrodistillation method using the Clevenger apparatus
were investigated against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus
granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) adults. The tests were carried out under 25±1°C temperature,
65±5 proportional humidity and 16:8 (light:dark) conditions and doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 µL/petri. The
results of the tested essential oils showed that they had insecticidal effect at different rates (between
1.25% and 100%) 96 hours after exposure. Among the essential oils tested, it was determined that the
oil of A. sativum showed the highest effect against R. dominica and S. granarius adults, while the
essential oils of C. cyminum and M. longifolia showed the lowest effect against each two pests.
Additionally, LC50 and LC90 values of these oils against R. dominica and S. granarius adults were
seperately recorded. According to LC50 and LC90 values, it was reported that M. longifolia and C.
cyminum essential oils were more effective against adults of R. dominica (0.698 µL/insect, LC50 and
4.694, LC90) and S. granarius (0.131 µL/ insect, LC50 and 2.452 LC90), respectively. These datas showed
that the mortalities increased depending on the increase in the doses of the tested three plant
essential oils. Most importantly, considering all these results, it is seen that these essential oils can be
used as a natural and environmentally friendly biopreparate against harmful R. dominica and S.
granarius adults in stored grain crops.Bu çalışmada, Clevenger düzeneği kullanılarak, hidrodistilasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen Cuminum
cyminum L., Mentha longifolia L. ve Allivum sativum L. uçucu yağlarının ekin kambur biti, Rhyzopertha
dominica (F.) ve buğday biti, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae ve Curculionidae)
erginlerine karşı insektisidal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Testler 25±1°C sıcaklık, 65±5 orantılı nem ve
16:8 (aydınlık:karanlık) şartlarda ve 5, 10, 15, 20 µL/petri dozlarında yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar, bu uçucu
yağların uygulamadan 96 saat sonra farklı oranlarda (%1.25 ile %100 arasında) insektisidal etkiye sahip
olduklarını göstermiştir. Test edilen uçucu yağlardan A. sativum’un yağının R. dominica ve S. granarius
erginlerine karşı en yüksek oranlarda etki gösterdiği, bununla birlikte C. cyminum ve M. longifolia
uçucu yağlarının ise bu iki zararlıya karşı en düşük etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bu uçucu
yağların, R. dominica ve S. granarius erginlerine karşı LC50 ve LC90 değerleri de kaydedilmiştir. LC50 ve
LC90 değerlerine göre, R. dominica (0.698 µL/böcek, LC50 ve 4.694, LC90) ve S. granarius (0.131
µL/böcek, LC50 ve 2.452 LC90) erginlerine karşı, M. longifolia ve C. cyminum uçucu yağlarının daha etkili
oldukları kaydedilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, test edilen üç bitki uçucu yağlarının dozların artışına bağlı olarak
ölümlerin de arttığını göstermiştir. Daha da önemlisi, bütün bu sonuçlar dikkate alındığında bu uçucu
yağların depolanmış tahıl ürünlerinde zararlı R. dominica ve S. granarius erginlerine karşı doğal ve
çevre dostu biyopraperat olarak kullanılabileceği görülmektedir
Examination of the psychosocial effects of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Get PDFObjectives: A pandemic can have multiple psychosocial effects. This web-based, cross-sectional study analyzed psychosocial effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on Turkish society.
Methods: The research data were collected electronically via an online questionnaire platform using a personal information form, a form that requested information about experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-42 (DASS-42). A total of 1420 individuals participated in the study. Descriptive statistical
methods (number, percentage, mean, SD) were used to assess the data. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare
quantitative data between 2 groups and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons of >2 groups. Multiple comparison tests were performed to examine differences.
Results: It was determined that 44.8% of the participants experienced mild depression, 36.1% had moderate anxiety,
and 40.8% displayed moderate stress. Demographic characteristics of gender, age, marital status, educational and occupational status revealed differences in depression, anxiety, and stress values (p<0.05). Individual experiences during
the COVID-19 pandemic were also associated with differences in terms of depression, stress and anxiety (p<0.01).
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had clear psychological, economic, social, and behavioral effects that may have
a lasting impact on society
Productivity of hauling by tajfun MOZ 500 GR cable yarder in Turkey
Get PDFThe extraction of timber is very important despite the process is difficult, expensive, time consuming, and has concerns with work safety. The extraction operations are used human, animal, and machine power. The purpose of this study is to investigate the productivity of the Tajfun MOZ 500 GR cable yarder during the extraction of timber from spruce stands in northeast Turkey. The research results imply that some working characteristics of the MOZ 500 GR cable yarder such as load volume, yarding distance, speed of the carriage, and time consumption per phase have an important impact on the productivity of the cable yarder. The results indicated that the productivity of MOZ 500 GR cable yarder was 8.39 m(3)/h for an average yarding distance of 90 m. Besides, the daily productivity of cable yarders was found at 67.12 m(3). The cable yarders seem ideal for use in the steep terrain. The use of cable yarders in wood production works is more ideal than other production techniques (human, animal, and tractor) in terms of productivity, speed, and work safety
A review of research on reading fluency instruction for students with intellectual disability
Get PDFAkıcı okuma, okuduğunu anlama gibi daha üst düzey okuma becerilerinin kazanılması için gerekli bir
beceridir. Geçmiş çalışmalar zihin yetersizliği olan öğrenciler için akıcı okuma becerilerinin öğretiminin
öncelik olmadığını ve sınıf içi uygulamalarda akıcı okuma öğretimine yönelik uygulamaların yer
almadığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin akıcı okuma becerilerini
geliştirmeyi amaçlayan bilimsel araştırmaları tespit etmek ve bu araştırmaların betimsel bir incelemesini
sunmaktır. Konu ile ilgili literatürde yer alan araştırmaları tespit etmek için EBSCO (Academic Search
Ultimate, ERIC, H. W. Wilson, TR Dizin), Web of Science (Social Sciences Citation Index ve Emerging
Sources Citation Index) ve Google Akademik veri tabanlarında aramalar yapılmıştır. Akıcı okuma, zihin
yetersizliği ve uygulama ile ilgili farklı anahtar kelime kombinasyonları kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada
belirlenen altı ölçütü karşılayan toplam 14 araştırma makalesi tespit edilmiştir. Bu 14 araştırma makalesi
betimsel özellikleri açısından incelenerek bulgular oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular araştırmaların hafif ve orta
düzeyde zihin yetersizlikleri bulunan öğrencilerle ve çoğunlukla ilkokul ve ortaokul düzeyinde yapıldığını
ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmaların çoğunda tek denekli araştırma desenleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular ayrıca
araştırmalarda yaygın olarak tekrarlı okuma yönteminin kullanıldığını ve bu yöntemin hafif ve orta
düzeyde zihin yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin bir dakikada okuduğu doğru kelime sayısını artırma üzerinde
etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmanın sınırlılıkları ve gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler belirtilmiştirReading fluency is a necessary skill for the acquisition of higher-level reading skills such as reading
comprehension. Past studies have shown that teaching reading fluency skill is not a priority for students
with intellectual disability (ID) and that there are no practices for teaching reading fluency in classrooms.
The purpose of this study is to identify the scientific researches applied to improve the reading fluency
skills of students with ID and to present a descriptive analysis of the characteristics of these researches.
In order to identify the studies on the topic in the literature, searches were conducted in EBSCO
(Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, H. W. Wilson, TR Index), Web of Science (Social Sciences Citation Index
and Emerging Sources Citation Index) and Google Scholar databases. Keywords were used in different
combinations related to reading fluency, intellectual disability, and intervention. A total of 14 research
articles that met the six criteria determined in this study were identified. Results were created by
examining these 14 research articles in terms of their descriptive characteristics. The results revealed
that the studies were conducted with students with mild and moderate ID and mostly at elementary and
middle school level. Single-case research designs were used in most of the studies. The results also
showed that repeated reading method was widely used in studies and that this method was effective in
increasing the number of correct words read in one minute by students with mild and moderate ID.
Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research were provide