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Increased dehydrin level decreases leaf rolling grade by altering the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and abscisic acid content in maize subjected to osmotic stress
Full text linkAbstract
Dehydrins (DHNs) are stress proteins involved in the development of protective reactions in plants against dehydration. The
relationship between DHNs and morphological responses such as leaf rolling in plants exposed to water defcit is not well
known. In this study, we detected how variations in DHN levels afect the leaf rolling response in maize exposed to osmotic
stress in relation to the antioxidant system and ABA level. In this context, we altered the DHN levels in maize seedlings
by treatment with bio-regulators (salicylic acid and abscisic acid) under PEG6000-free and PEG6000-induced osmotic stress.
When the DHN levels were increased by the bio-regulators (25 µM SA and 100 µM ABA), the relative expression level of
the Zea mays dehydrin COR410 gene increased in the seedlings, while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and leaf rolling grade
decreased. Moreover, induction of DHNs caused increases in the antioxidant enzyme activity and content of antioxidant
substances, and very high amounts of endogenous abscisic acid. When DHN level was suppressed by a bio-regulator (200 µM
SA) in the maize seedlings, dehydrin COR410 expression level decreased, while ROS and the leaf rolling grade increased.
Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activity and content of antioxidant substances decreased in the seedlings, while the
amount of abscisic acid increased. Taken all together, an increase in DHN level by bio-regulator treatment can stimulate the
antioxidant system, enable abscisic acid regulation, and thus reduce leaf rolling through decreased ROS levels. The results
also indicated that DHNs may be involved in the signal pathways inducing expression of some genes related to leaf rolling
response, possibly by modulating ROS levels, in maize seedlings exposed to osmotic stress
Comparison of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of propolis in different solvents
Full text linkThis study aims to determine which solvent is the best for the solubility of the propolis by using
concentrations of total polyphenols and flavonoids, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in extracts of propolis from different provinces of Türkiye
prepared with water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol and acetone. Propolis samples
were lyophilized in the same solvents except for that glycerol and acetone. Total concentrations of
polyphenols and flavonoids, FRAP, and TAS of both normal and lyophilized extracts were found
be consistent when compared with each other. After extraction of propolis and evaluation of the
total polyphenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity, we concluded that it is mostly
dissolved in DMSO, and after that in ethanol, acetone, glycerol respectively, and the least in water
according to our extraction and analysis methods
Is transıtıon to a green economy a crısıs or an opportunıty for women’s partıcıpatıon ın employment?: green jobs ın the context of gender equalıty
Full text linkDünya kaynaklarının hızla tüketilmesi giderek artan çevre felaketlerine neden olmaktadır. Bu artış çevresel
sürdürülebilirlik konusunu gündeme getirirken, zamanla ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel kalkınmanın bir
arada gerçekleşmesi gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, alternatif bir model olarak yeşil ekonomiye geçiş
önerilmektedir. Yeşil işlerin yalnızca çevreye zarar vermeyen işler değil, insana yakışır işler olması da
beklenmektedir. Sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın hedefinde insana yakışır iş ile birlikte toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği
de yer almaktadır. Kadınlar toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri nedeniyle istihdama katılımda ve insana yakışır işe
erişimde erkeklerin gerisinde kalmaktadır. Bu eşitsizliğin yeşil ekonomiye geçişte devam edip etmeyeceği
merak konusudur. Bu çalışmada, yeşil ekonomiye geçişin kadınların istihdama katılımları için bir fırsat olup
olmadığının açığa çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Yeşil ekonomiye geçişin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğine
duyarlı politikalar üreten ülkelerde kadınların istihdama katılımı için fırsat yaratırken, bu konuya duyarsız
kalan ülkelerde ise cinsiyet eşitsizliğini artırma tehdidine sahip olacağı düşünülmektedir. Kadınların
eğitimi ve vasıflandırılması ile toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine duyarlı politikalar önem kazanmaktadırThe rapid depletion of world resources causes increasing environmental disasters. While this increase
has raised the issue of environmental sustainability to the agenda, over time it has been understood that
economic, social, and environmental development should take place together. In this context, the transition
to a green economy is proposed as an alternative model. It is expected that green jobs will not only be
environmentally friendly jobs but also decent jobs. Along with decent work, gender equality is also included in the goal of sustainable development. Women are lagging behind men in employment participation
and access to decent work due to their gender roles. It is a matter of wonder whether this inequality will
continue in the transition to a green economy. In this study, it is aimed to reveal whether the transition to a
green economy is an opportunity for women to participate in employment. It is believed that the transition
to a green economy will have the opportunity for women to participate in employment in the countries that
produce gender-sensitive policies, and it threatens to increase gender inequality in the countries that are
indifferent to this issue. Policies that are sensitive to gender equality, with the education and qualification
of women, are becoming importantThe rapid depletion of world resources causes increasing environmental disasters. While this increase
has raised the issue of environmental sustainability to the agenda, over time it has been understood that
economic, social, and environmental development should take place together. In this context, the transition
to a green economy is proposed as an alternative model. It is expected that green jobs will not only be
environmentally friendly jobs but also decent jobs. Along with decent work, gender equality is also included in the goal of sustainable development. Women are lagging behind men in employment participation
and access to decent work due to their gender roles. It is a matter of wonder whether this inequality will
continue in the transition to a green economy. In this study, it is aimed to reveal whether the transition to a
green economy is an opportunity for women to participate in employment. It is believed that the transition
to a green economy will have the opportunity for women to participate in employment in the countries that
produce gender-sensitive policies, and it threatens to increase gender inequality in the countries that are
indifferent to this issue. Policies that are sensitive to gender equality, with the education and qualification
of women, are becoming importan
Foreign market selection of suppliers through a novel REF-Sort technique
Full text linkPurpose – The present study aims to provide a practical and robust assessment technique for assessing
countries’ investability in global supply chains to practitioners. Thus, the proposed approach can help decisionmakers evaluate and select appropriate countries in the expansion process of the global supply chains and
reduce risks concerning country (market) selection.
Design/methodology/approach –The present study proposes a novel decision-making approach, namely the
REF-Sort technique. The proposed approach has many valuable contributions to the literature. First, it has an
efficient basic algorithm and can be applied to solve highly complicated decision-making problems without
requiring advanced mathematical knowledge. Besides, some characteristics differentiate REF-Sort apart from
other techniques. REF-Sort employs the value or value range that reflects the most typical characteristic of the
relevant class in assignment processes. The reference values in REF-Sort and center profiles are similar in this
regard. On the other hand, class references can be defined as ranges in REF-Sort. Secondary values, called
successors, can also be employed to assign a value to the appropriate class. REF-Sort can also determine the
reference and successor values/ranges independently of the decision matrix. In addition, the proposed model is a
maximally stable and consistent decision-making tool, as it is resistant to the rank reversal problem.
Findings –The current papers’ findings indicate that countries have different features concerning investment.
Hence, the current paper pointed out that only 22% of the 95 countries are investable, whereas 19% are risky.
Thus, decision-makers should make detailed evaluations using robust, powerful, and practical decisionmaking tools to make more reasonable and logical decisions concerning country selection.
Originality/value – The current paper proposes a novel decision-making approach to evaluate. According to
the authors’ information, the proposed model has been applied to evaluate investable countries for the global
supply chains for the first tim
Forest fire risk modeling using logistic regression and geographic ınformation systems: a case study in Muğla - Milas
Full text linkOrman yangınları önemli bir çevre sorunu olmakla beraber tüm ekosistem ve içerisindeki insan ve hayvan yaşamını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Türkiye’de son 20 yılda yaşanan 46.669 orman yangınında toplamda 192.734 hektar orman alanı zarar görmüştür. Bu yangınların ortaya çıkış nedenlerinde ise ilk sırada ihmal-kaza bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle meydana gelen orman yangınlarının sıklığını en aza indirmek ve zararları önlemek için yangın riski olan alanların belirlenerek, yangın öncesinde, sırasında ve sonrasında alınacak önlemler için hazırlıklı olunması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Muğla ili Milas ilçesi için orman yangını riskini modellemede Lojistik Regresyon (LR) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılmıştır. Topoğrafik özellikler, meşcere verileri ve kültürel veriler dikkate alınarak, bu faktörlerin yangınların oluşumu ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. LR ile yangın risk tahmininin doğruluk analizleri ve farklı özelliklerdeki alanların yangın riskleri Alıcı Çalışma Karakteristiği (ROC) ve Hosmer-Lemeshow testi ile incelenmiştir. Lojistik Regresyon yöntemi ile elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda CBS ortamında bir orman yangını risk haritası oluşturulmuştur. Burada orman yangını riski “1” çok düşük riskli ve “5” çok yüksek riskli olmak üzere beş seviyede değerlendirilmiştir. Ortaya çıkan orman yangını risk haritasında, çalışma alanında bulunan toplam orman alanlarının %16’sının yüksek ve çok yüksek risk sınıfında bulunduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Forest fires are an important environmental problem, they negatively affect the entire ecosystem and human and animal life in it. In Turkey 192.734 hectares of forest area has been damaged in 46.669 forest fires in the last 20 years. Negligence-accident is the primary cause of these fires. For this reason, in order to minimize the frequency of forest fires and prevent damages, areas with fire risk should be determined and it is necessary to be prepared for the precautions to be taken before, during and after the fire. In this study, Logistic Regression (LR) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to model the forest fire risk for the Milas province in Muğla. Considering the topographic features, stand data and cultural data, the relationship of these factors with the occurrence of fires was investigated. Accuracy analyzes of fire risk estimation with LR and fire risks of areas with different properties were examined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test. In line with the findings obtained by the LR method, a forest fire risk map was created in the GIS environment. Here, forest fire risk is evaluated at five levels, with “1” very low risk and “5” very high risk. In the resulting forest fire risk map, it was concluded that 16% of the total forest areas in the study area are in high and very high risk classes
A flavor peculıar to the Kırşehir regıonal cuısıne: besmeç
No full textÜlke mutfaklarının vazgeçilmez yemeklerinden birini köfte ürünleri oluşturmaktadır. Dünyanın saygın mutfakları arasında yer alan
Türk mutfağı, köfte yemekleri bakımından geniş bir ürün yelpazesini bünyesinde bulundurmaktadır. Bu köfte ürünlerden bazıları
İzmir, İnegöl, Akçaabat, içli, çiğ, ıslama, ekşili, sulu, kasap vb. köfte olarak sıralanabilir. Genel olarak köftenin hazırlanmasında ise
et, tavuk, balık, patates, bulgur gibi temel ürünlere soğan, maydanoz, ekmek, baharat ilave edilmektedir. Türk mutfağına özgü
geleneksel bir köfte türü olan besmeç, İç Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan Kırşehir yöresinde yaygın olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda
çalışmanın amacını Kırşehir yöre mutfağına özgü bir lezzet olan besmeç köftesinin geleneksel olarak hazırlanış ve tüketim şeklinin
belirlenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma verileri, yörede besmeç hakkında bilgi sahibi olan ve üç kuşak boyunca yaşayan 10 (on)
katılımcı ile görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda besmeç köftesinin hazırlanış
amacı, servis ve tüketim şekli, malzemeleri, ne kadar zamandır yapıldığı tespit edilerek, örnek bir yemek reçetesi hazırlanmıştırMeatballs are one of the indispensable dishes of countries cuisines. Turkish cuisine, which is among the respected cuisines of the
world, includes a wide range of products in terms of meatball dishes. Some of these meatball dishes can be listed as İzmir, İnegöl,
Akçaabat, stuffed, raw, wet, sour, juicy, butcher etc. meatballs. In general, in the preparation of meatballs onion, parsley, bread and
spice products are added to basic products such as meat, chicken, fish, potatoes, bulgur. Besmeç, a traditional meatball type unique
to Turkish cuisine, is widely made in Kırşehir province, which is located in the Central Anatolia Region. In this context, the aim of
the study is to determine the traditional preparation and consumption style of besmeç meatballs, which is a flavor peculiar to Kırşehir
regional cuisine. The study data were obtained by interviewing 10 (ten) participants who had knowledge about besmeç in the region
and lived for three generations. In the direction of the data obtained from the participants, a sample meal recipe was prepared by
determining the purpose of preparation of the besmeç meatball, the way of serving and consumption, the materials, and how long it
has been made
An Experımental Study On The Thermal Effıcıency Of An Aır-To-Aır Heat Exchanger Wıth Ethylene Glycol (Eg)-Based Hybrıd Nanofluıd Al2o3 + Tio2
No full textThe purpose of this study is to improve the thermal performance of air-to-air heat recovery units containing heat pipes and utilizing single Al2O3/EG and TiO2/EG and hybrid Al2O3 + TiO2/EG (50:50) nanofluids as various working fluids. In the experimental setup, 15 wickless and vacuumed copper pipes with a length of 100 cm, an inner diameter of 10.5 mm, and an outer diameter of 12 mm were used. Heat pipe portions of 450 mm, 400 mm, and 150 mm constitute the evaporator zone, condenser zone, and the adiabatic zone, respectively. In the experimental studies, 1/3 of the evaporator volumes of the heat pipes were filled with working fluids. The experiments were conducted by applying three different heating powers (500 W, 1000 W, and 1500 W) to the evaporator section and three different air mass flow rates (n(21) = 125 g/s, n(22) = 175 g/s, and n(23) = 215 g/s) to the condenser section. The values of thermal efficiency and thermal resistance were calculated to compare the values of single and hybrid nanofluids utilized in the system. The results indicated that single and hybrid nanofluids are more efficient than EG under all different conditions. A maximum efficiency of 82% was acquired at 1500 W and a mass flow rate of n(23) = 215 g/s by utilizing the hybrid nanofluids Al2O3 + TiO2/EG (50:50). Furthermore, it was observed all the nanofluids facilities reduced thermal resistance of heat pipes. This thus generated an improvement in the quantity of heat transfer. Under 1500 W and n(23) = 215 g/s mass flow rate conditions a maximum of 53.71% reduction in thermal resistance was also achieved by means of hybrid nanofluids
CBRN-p hazards and risks triggered by natural events; Turkey example
Full text linkJeostratejik konumu ve küresel iklim değişikliği nedeniyle ülkemizde son 10 yıldır doğal olaylar daha sık ve şiddetli yaşanmaktadır. Doğa kökenli olayların tetiklemesiyle birlikte ardışık etkilerle ortaya çıkabilecek büyük ölçekli Kimyasal, Biyolojik, Radyolojik, Nükleer ve Patlayıcı (KBRN-p) felaketlerin gerçekleşme olasılığı genellikle düşüktür. Ancak, insanlar, çevre, altyapı, belirli alanların ekonomisi ya da tüm bölge/ülke üzerinde potansiyel etkileri yüksek olmaktadır. Ülkemizde deprem, sel, heyelan ve çığ gibi doğa kökenli olaylara yönelik haritalar bulunmaktadır. Fakat KBRN-p tehlikelerine yönelik hazırlanmış haritalar bulunmamaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin, hava ile ilgili doğal tehlikelerin sıklığını ve yoğunluğunu artırdığı düşünüldüğünde mevcut KBRN-p maddelerinden kaynaklanabilecek tehlikelerin envanterinin bilinmesi risklerin azaltılmasında ve olası faciayı önlemede kilit rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir. Çalışmamızda ardışık afet kavramı ve ardışık afetlerden kaynaklanabilecek KBRN-p tehlike ve riskler ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca KBRN-p olaylarının gerçekleşme olasılığı bulunan illerdeki endüstrileri ve enerji tesislerini içeren haritalar, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (AFAD) tarafından oluşturulmuş deprem, sel/su basması, heyelan ve çığ tehlike haritaları üzerinde örtüştürülerek hazırlanmış ve ardışık etkiler sonucu açığa çıkabilecek riskler literatür taramasına dayandırılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda, doğal olaylar ile KBRN-p olaylarının karşılıklı bağımlılıkları; güvenlik açıklarının azaltılması, dirençliliğin artırılması, ikincil afetlerin değerlendirilmesi ve kritik altyapılarda risk azaltma uygulamaları gibi kritik adımların ele alınması gerektiği ve risk değerlendirmesi yaparken karşılıklı etkileşen, birleşik, birbirine bağlı, ardışık tehlikelerin oluşturacağı risklerin göz ardı edilmemesi gerekliliği ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmamızın, ülkemizdeki doğa kökenli olayların tetikleyebileceği KBRN-p olaylarının ardışık afete dönüşmesini önlemede literatüre katkı sağlaması ve KBRN-p tehlike ve risk haritalarının hazırlanmasında yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir.Due to its geostrategic location and global climate change, natural events have been experienced more frequently and severely in the last 10 years in our country. The probability of large-scale Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive (CBRN-p) disasters that may occur with sequential effects, triggered by natural events, is generally low. However, the potential impacts on people, the environment, infrastructure, the economy of certain areas or the entire region/country are high. There are maps for natural events such as earthquakes, floods, landslides and avalanches in our country. However, there are no maps prepared for CBRN-p hazards. Considering that climate change increases the frequency and intensity of natural hazards related to weather, it is thought that knowing the inventory of hazards that may arise from existing CBRN-p substances can play a key role in reducing risks and preventing possible disasters. In our study, the concept of sequential disaster and CBRN-p hazards and risks that may arise from sequential disasters are discussed. In addition, maps containing industries and energy facilities in provinces where CBRN-p events are likely to occur, T.C. The earthquake, flood/flood, landslide and avalanche hazard maps created by the Ministry of Interior Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD) were prepared by overlapping, and the risks that may arise as a result of sequential effects were evaluated based on the literature review. As a result of this evaluation, the interdependence of natural events and CBRN-p events; It has been revealed that critical steps such as reducing vulnerabilities, increasing resilience, assessing secondary disasters and risk reduction practices in critical infrastructures should be addressed, and the risks posed by mutually interacting, combined, interconnected and sequential hazards should not be ignored when making risk assessments. It is expected that our study will contribute to the literature in preventing CBRN-p events, which may be triggered by natural events in our country, from turning into sequential disasters, and will guide the preparation of CBRN-p hazard and risk maps
Selection of best available techniques for water softening/ıon exchange processes employing TOPSIS decision making model
Full text linkİmalat sanayinde kullanım amacına, prosese ve ürün üzerindeki etkilerine
bağlı olarak farklı kalitelerde proses suyu gereksinimi bulunmaktadır. En yaygın
kullanılan proses suyu hazırlama sistemi sertlik giderimi amacıyla katyonik iyon
değiştirme reçineleri kullanan kolon sistemlerdir. İyon değiştiricilerde, proses suyu
üretim maliyetlerini ve çevresel etkileri azaltmak amacıyla çeşitli mevcut en iyi
teknikler (MET) uygulanabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, katyonik iyon değiştirme
reçine sistemlerin çevresel performanslarını arttırabilmek amacıyla sunulan
MET’lerin değerlendirilmesi ve çok ölçütlü karar verme metodu (ÇÖKVM)
kullanılarak en uygun tekniklerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda
MET’ler, İdeal Çözüme Benzerlik Yoluyla Sıralama Tercihi Tekniği (TOPSIS)
kullanılarak 11 farklı değerlendirme kriterine göre önceliklendirilmiştir. Sonuç
olarak eş-zamanlı sertlik sensörleri kullanımıyla rejenerasyon süreleri ve
sıklıklarının optimize edilmesi katyonik iyon değiştirme reçine sistemleri için en
öncelikli MET olarak belirlenmiştir.There is a need for different qualities of process water in the
manufacturing industry, depending on the purpose of use, the process and its effects
on the product. The most widely used process water preparation system is column
systems using cationic ion exchange resins for hardness removal. Various best
available techniques (BAT) can be applied to ion exchangers to reduce process
water production costs and environmental impacts. In this study, it was aimed to
evaluate the BATs presented in order to increase the environmental performance of
cationic ion exchange resin systems and to determine the most appropriate
techniques using the multi-criteria decision making method (MCDM). In this
context, BATs were prioritized according to 11 different evaluation criteria using
the Ranking Preference Technique by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). As a
result, optimizing regeneration durations and frequencies using online hardness
sensors was identified as the top priority BAT for cationic ion exchange resin
systems
The effects of bioincising by Physisporinus vitreus on cuo retention and copper element leaching in oriental spruce wood
Full text linkSince the treatability of Oriental spruce wood (Picea orientalis) with preservative solutions is difficult and considered as a refractory wood species, this study was intended to bring its treatability class by a bioincising process to the level of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a desirable wood species for the forest products industry. Bioincising process by Physisporinus vitreus fungus was applied to wood samples from sapwood and heartwood portions of spruce wood. The samples with two different weight loss groups (5-10 % and 10-15 %) in the bioincising process were used to detect changes in treatability with wood preservative solutions caused by the fungus. The bioincised and unincised control samples were treated with either micronized copper quat (MCQ) or alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D) wood preservative solutions by either dipping or vacuum methods. Following impregnation with the preservative solutions, the effects of the bioincising process on CuO (copper oxide) retention, and the leaching of Cu (copper) element were determined. The results showed that CuO retention levels increased after the bioincising process. Moreover, there was greater CuO retention in the spruce heartwood samples compared to the spruce and Scots pine sapwood samples. Amount of Cu element released from the Scots pine sapwood samples was found to be lower than that from the spruce sapwood and heartwood samples after the bioincising. process. The results suggest that the bioincising process by P. vitreus in refractory wood species might improve the treatability of wood by Cu-based wood preservatives