Business and Public Administration Studies (E-Journal, Washington Institute of China Studies - WICS)
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Is China Subordinating Health and Environmental Concerns to Economic Growth?
Get PDFThe popular press frequently portrays China in a negative light when it reports on environmental and health issues: widespread air and water pollution, mine accidents, and contaminated imports such as food and toys. The image is hardly positive. How much of this accurately reflects reality, and how much reflects a tendency of the popular press to accentuate the negative? Is the image the same in professional journals and technical reports
Can the iPhone Generation Reform the CCP?
Get PDFChina is now praised as the land of opportunities. Its economy is booming and every entrepreneur or transnational corporation wants to open and expand its business in China. Over the last three decades the country has sustained growth rates at levelsthat exceed previous trajectories of the ‘Asian Tigers’, the last generation of countries to join the ‘developed world.’ Yet, China remains the world’s largest developing country. The question is: Can China sustain this rate of growth? And, if it does, what does this mean for the world order—both economic and political?
Adapting to a New Chinese Environment: The Case of Foreign Invested Enterprises in China
Get PDFAfter undergoing economic reform for more than two decades, China’s GDP is growing around 10% annually and has been moving forward in rapid steps to becoming the world’s next economic giant. Its attraction to foreign investment has also kept in a strong momentum. Being faced with a vast market with tremendous potential, more and more foreign companies and investors are considering whether and how to translate this potential growth into gains and get the lion’s share. In terms of the number and scale, foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) have been expanding rapidly. Up to 2006, there are 594,000 registered FIEs in China with US$700 billion assets.1 They hire 28 million Chinese employees, which is one tenth of the total non-agricultural population. Meanwhile, most of the investors who have taken the plunge in China have gained great returns. In 2006, 21.1% of the taxes collected nationwide was from the FIEs, and the average return of the mutual fund that invests in China has increased about 15% over the past three years.
Self-Directed Learning: A Key Component of Adult Learning Theory
Get PDFThe relationship between adult learning and self‑directed learning is a topic worth exploring on both theoretical and practical grounds. Mezirow points out that, "no concept is more central to what adult education is all about than self‑directed learning".Knowles describes self‑directed learning as "a process in which individuals take the initiative without the help of others in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating goals, identifying human and material resources, and evaluating learning outcomes". What and who is an adult learner? A person is an adult to the extent that he or she is performing social roles typically assigned by our culture to those it considers adults, and to the extent that the individual perceives him or herself to be essentially responsible for his or her life. A child is not responsible for his or her life even from a legal point of view. According to Neimi, the adult learner is one who returns to study, on a full‑time or part‑time basis, after a period of time spent in other pursuits. Freedman states that the adult learner is someone who is motivated enough to want to pin further education at the end of a working day or is required to come to a program for certification.
The Empirical Test of Consumption-Real Exchange Rate Anomaly in China
Get PDFConsumption-Real Exchange Rate Anomaly is one of the well known puzzles in international finance. Most international business cycle models predict that, under the assumption of perfect financial markets along with supply disturbances, consumption should be higher in the country where its price, converted into a common currency, is lower. But empirical studies show that the consumption differentials across countries do not correspond in any systematic pattern with its relative price (i.e. the real exchange rate). Furthermore, consumption in countries with lower real exchange rate does not go up. Quite often than not it goes down. With regard to the current situation in China, on the one hand, there is the criticism from western countries that RMBexchange rate is undervalued; on the other, the final consumption rate has been very low with a continued downward trend. It has dropped to 52.1% in 2005 from 66.36% in 1985. Especially, there has been a drastic decrease in resident consumption rate, from 48.8% in 1991 to 38.2% in 2005. However, according to statistics of the World Bank, the average consumption of the world stays between 77% and 79%. For example, the average consumption rate of the world in 2002 was 81%, and the figure for low income countries was 80.7%, middle income countries, 73.2%, high income countries, 81%. But the rate in China was only 58.2%.Is there a significant relationship between resident consumption rate and RMB real exchange rate? Does the persistent decreasing resident consumption affect the real exchange rate in China? These are undoubtedly subjects worth studying thoroughly.
Reagan-Sino Legacy: Relations of the United States and China in the 1980s
Get PDF Tiananmen Square is over six thousand miles from Krakow, Poland but through the lens of history, they bear a striking resemblance. Nowa Huta is a small suburb outside Krakow. It was formerly a planned Soviet community, one with large, typically-Soviet buildings making up long city blocks. It was a failed communist attempt to catch up to the industrial giant of the United States. During the communist time, workers regularly protested in what was Central Square. In 2004, the Krakow City Council voted to rename this square to: “Ronald Reagan Square.” All throughout Eastern Europe, you’ll find similar honors to our 40th President. Ronald Reagan’s legacy lives most vibrantly here, in the town squares of Eastern Europe. Nowa Huta is a far cry from Beijing. There are no statues of Ronald Reagan in Beijing or in Shanghai. China is still communist. Accordingly, Reagan excluded the Red Chinese from his famous condemnation of the “Evil Empire.” In fact, China was the first communist country Reagan ever visited as President. This ideological disconnect was simply strategic, for as Reagan said, “Russia is still enemy number one.” China was not the communist country invading Afghanistan; Chinese influence could not be felt as Martial Law was declared in Poland; and most of all, China was no ally of the Soviet Union. In a word, China was not an aggressively expanding communist state which threatened world peace––the Soviet Union was all the above.
Investment And Financing Mode And Mechanism Adopted By State-Owned Investment Groups In Chongqing, China
Get PDFChongqing Municipality is a well-known historical and cultural city in China and has a civilization history of over 3000 years. Opened to foreigners first in 1895, it has been the earliest trade port ever along the Yangtze River area. During the World War II, Chongqing became the wartime capital of China and also headquarters of the Allied Forces in the Far East. It was the political, economic and cultural center of China and Asia as well. Chongqing was administrated under Sichuan Province. In 1997, Chongqing became a direct-administered municipality under the central government, covering a total area of 82,400 square kilometers, the city consists of 40 districts and counties (cities) with a population of 31.54 million. The central part of Chongqing, where 5 million people inhabit, is located at the confluence of the Yangtze and Jialing Rivers. Such a geographic location makes the city a world-known “city of mountains and rivers”. The implementation of the “West China Development Strategy” started from 2000 by the central government, has provided Chongqing, the only municipality in West China, an unique opportunity to speed up its social and economic development. Currently, Chongqing is the metropolis, important industrial and commercial base and education, science /technology and cultural center not only on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but in the whole western part of China.
Transitions in China’s Economic Growth: Realities and Challenges
Get PDFIt is an irrefutable fact that the Chinese economy has grown rapidly for nearly 30 years, in particular in the 10th Five- Year Plan terms (2001-2005). At the same time, China’s economic development is challenged severely by declining efficiency, imbalance between investment and consumption, resource and environmental constraints, and increasing differentiation in incomes. The need for a consistent transformation of the economic growth pattern was realized in the 1990s. In the 9th Five-Year Plan (1996-2000), the goal of transition of the economic growth mode from extensive to intensive was initially shaped. Furthermore, economic structure adjustment and upgrading had been regarded as the theme of development during the 10th Five-Year Plan period (2001-2005). In 2002, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s 16th National Congress advocated that: “China would pursue a new path to industrialization featuring high technology, good economic returns, low resource-consumption, low environment pollution and the full display of advantage in human resources.” In reality, however, it seems that so far these goals have been fulfilled only in part
INTERPOL: A Primer
Get PDFSince its formation, the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) has remained steadfast in its mission and objectives. Interpol has always been a non-governmental organization that promotes law enforcement cooperation and intelligence sharing among member countries. Interpol does not have authority to investigate violations of law, and it does not intervene in activities of a political, military, religious, or racial character. In the post-9/11 environment, law enforcement agencies from across the globe have come to increasingly rely on Interpol as a repository of intelligence. Interpol is able to succeed as an organization in part because of its relatively narrow focus. The organization is able to avoid the significant political and ideological differences between member countries, such as between the United States and China, by having a single goal of combating crime