Business and Public Administration Studies (E-Journal, Washington Institute of China Studies - WICS)
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Trade and Procurement Reform in Poland and China: Responding to the Next Globalization Wave of Interdependent Economies
Full text linkDuring the recent decades, China has achieved phenomenal economic growth - truly an unprecedented “development miracle”, as it is at times called. Since the initiation of its reforms and an open door policy in 1978, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) has been consistently growing at an average annual rate ranging from 7-11 percent. In 2010, it has surpassed Japan and has become the world’s second-largest economy. China\u27s impressive sustainable economic growth coupled with pragmatic development policies and increasing integration into a global market make her a key player in the international trade arena. China has an overall trade surplus not only with Poland and the US but also with many advanced and emerging economies of the world. Over the period of the last decade, China’s exports and imports have been growing at a faster rate than the rate of world trade. While China’s trade with the rest of the world has deepened, the structural and geographical patterns of its trade have also dramatically changed. Most importantly, the share of imports by industrial countries accounted for by China has not only diversified but also has become more sophisticated. Analysts and policy observers contend that the process of globalization will continue to accelerate and will in fact benefit China more than many other economies that are less export-oriented and less competitive. Poland is still in the process of building a mature competitive and entrepreneurial market system, which China is in the process of perfecting. Poland’s huge and growing trade imbalance with China is now posing an enormous challenge to the economic performance of the country buying more goods than it is capable to sell. Sovereign debt of Poland, which also grows rapidly, poses a threat to its economy, while limited innovative solutions, such as creation of Special Economic Zones, (SEZ) are occurring at a rather slow pace in Poland in recent years.
Challenges in International Security: Kidnapping & Crisis Management
Full text linkAccording to the UN, kidnapping is a crime that victimizes more than 10,000 persons each year. Silence (of both the victims and their rescuers) is the rule, not the exception. If you ever experience this type of crisis, would you be prepared for the ripple effect of confusion, fear and turmoil? Dozens, even hundreds, of persons might be impacted—family members, colleagues, personnel in the country where you work and personnel at corporate headquarters. Other organizations are likely to be drawn in as well-law enforcement agencies, humanitarian groups, Embassy representative
The Historical Status of China’s Tibet (part 4)
No full textThe People’s Republic of China (PRC) was founded on October 1, 1949, and the Central People’s Government under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC) became the sole legitimate government of China. This government immediately won extensive recognition from many countries, and won the natural qualification to exercise sovereignty over the whole of the Chinese territory.From the winter of 1949 to the spring of 1950, the Central People’s Government planned the peaceful liberation of Tibet. In the spring and summer of 1950, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) marched toward Tibet. After having overcome foreign obstructions, put to rout the resistance by Tibetan separatists and beaten the harsh highland environment, the PLA advance troops arrived in Lhasa and various major towns and border areas in 1951. China’s five-star red flag fluttered over the Himalayas. China thus succeeded in the peaceful liberation of Tibet, completing the holy task of unifying the mainland. From then on, Tibet no longer operated under the yoke of foreign forces, and returned to the big family of the motherland known for its national unity and fraternity
Attitudes toward Female Labor Force Participation in Eastern and Western Europe
Full text linkFair employment opportunities for women are considered as a strong indicator for achieving gender equity. Despite a steady growth in the rates of female labor force participation, chances for men and women to get employed and promoted in the workforce remain uneven. Moreover, the gender pay gap still exists and widens as educational attainment and job tenure increase (Bonvillain, 2006). The unfairness for women’s employment provokes researchers to examine the belief system on women’s role in work and family. Previous research has documented a strong association between gender attitudes and the actual social opportunities for women. For example, studies on attitudes about gender, work and family among scientists contend that stereotypical attitudes about women’s occupations in science might create interactions and structures that help legitimatize the gender hierarchy and maintain science as a male domain (Hanson et al. 2004). Other research argues that as the rate of women’s labor force participation increases, attitudes change toward a greater acceptance of women’s non-familial roles (Cherlin and Walters, 1981; Mason and Lu, 1988).This paper examines attitudes toward women’s labor force participation which can influence and be influenced by the actual work environment for women, in order to gain a thorough understanding of gender inequality that exist in the workforce
The Effectiveness of Suicide Terrorism
Full text linkKilling more than 21,000 and injuring 50,000 between the years of 1981 and 2008, suicide bombs have proven to be an effective tactic and seem to be a growing trend . Terrorism is designed to cause panic, chaos and, optimally, publicity for a cause. Suicide terrorism is effective not only because of its lethal outcome; it also sends the message that the cause is so dire that death is a better outcome than life for the bomber. The level of commitment is astounding and largely considered rational
Water Right Transfer Experiment and the Impact on the Water Resources Management Policy In China: an Overview
Full text linkFrom at least the sixth century A.D. onward, China maintained centralized control of large water projects, developed them as state enterprises, and managed them with its vast Confucian bureaucracy. The revolutionary states which succeeded late imperial China, first the Republic of China (1911-1949), and especially the People’s Republic of China (1949-present) did not change these essential features of water policy (Hucker, 1994). During the 1980’s, however, China, began to move away from the planned economy and embraced the global market economy. China retained the structural central command of the national economy, its central bureaucracy, and its planning of titanic state water projects. National governments embarked upon massive water-control and water-supply projects, establishing an unprecedented national presence in distant areas. Such large-scale water development assured the arid regions of much greater and more dependable water supplies, thus attracting unprecedented economic and demographic growth. The development of large-scale irrigation since 1950s has brought higher yields and new development, but created serious water shortage problems and environmental consequences, such as dried up rivers and lakes, declining groundwater levels and land subsidence, salinization and water pollution (Jiao, 2004)
The Historical Status of China’s Tibet (part 5)
No full textThe peaceful liberation of Tibet constituted the heaviest blow against activities supporting the idea of “Tibetan independence,” activities that had been conducted for more than half a century. Unreconciled, the Tibetan separatists did their best to obstruct and undermine the implementation of the 17-Article Agreement. Their efforts were highlighted by an armed rebellion that was aimed at defending the feudal system and opposing the Democratic Reform that was granting human rights to the Tibetans for the first time in their history. This rebellion was put down by the PLA troops under the direction of the CPC Central Committee. Still, Xagabba and Van Praag claim these actions in defense of human rights actually “violated the human rights of the Tibetans.” Recent years have seen this fallacy gain increased exposure by the Dalai clique and the international anti-China forces.
China’s Increasing Energy Needs and Role as an International Superpower
Full text linkThe rise of the People’s Republic of China to economic superpower status has affected the globalization process on many fronts, ranging from economics to politics, from telecommunications to the environment. However, China’s economic ascent has had equally striking effects on global energy demand and supply. China’s gross domestic product has grown at an average of 9 percent per year during the past decade. This tremendous solid economic growth has caused an increase in the country’s oil consumption, reducing the global oil supply, and contributing to the spike in global oil prices in 2008, when a barrel of oil reached the price of $147.29 (Bradsher, 2009; Mouawad, 2009). These important developments have led China to search for energy supplies all over the world and to negotiate, in some instances, with rogue regimes, such as the Sudanese and Iranian governments; the international community considers these governments rogue regimes due to the many human rights abuses sanctioned by them (Bradsher, 2009).