Jurnal Kajian Wilayah (JKW)
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MIGRASI PERNIKAHAN: WACANA DAN PENGALAMAN KAWIN CAMPUR PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DI BELANDA
Get PDFBased on a literature review and in-depth interviews, this paper examines the marriage migration in the case of Indonesian woman who married to Dutch man. At least there are three arenas that structure this practice: the discourse of the colonial/postcolonial, marriage law, and migration policy. This paper underscores the importance of agency that affecting the different experiences of each individual in the marriage migration practice.Keywords: marriage migration, colonial/postcolonial discourse, marriage law, migration policy, Indonesia, Dutch.AbstrakDidasarkan pada telaah literatur dan wawancara mendalam, tulisan ini mengkaji migrasi pernikahan dalam kasus perempuan Indonesia yang menikah dengan laki-laki Belanda. Setidaknya terdapat tiga arena yang membentuk praktik ini: wacana kolonial/poskolonial, hukum pernikahan, dan kebijakan migrasi. Tulisan ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya aspek kepelakuan dalam migrasi pernikahan yang mempengaruhi perbedaan pengalaman masing-masing individu dalam praktik tersebut. Kata kunci: migrasi pernikahan, wacana kolonial/poskolonial, hukum pernikahan, kebijakan migrasi, Indonesia, Beland
Peran NGOs (Non-Govermental Oganizations) Lingkungan dalam Mitigasi Banjir di Praha, Republik Ceko
Get PDFSuccessful flood mitigation performed by the Czech Republic becomes an interesting issue for the author because it is relevant to current condition. Flood, in the authors observation, became a problem that seems unresolved until now. Often occur every time the rainy season and is considered a natural thing despite widespread impact. However, some literatures on flood mitigation in Prague some time ago showed interesting fact. People of Czech chose to friendly with the flood. By learning from them, the flood control by recognizing the causes and mobilize all society elements that exist to mitigate them to restrain broader impacts.This article aims to map the floods mitigation that been done by elements in society. Focusing on environmental NGOs, this article describes that cooperation between these elements do not always harmonize, there is different opinion even diverse activities. Background of values, ideologies and different interests led to various responses, roles and strategies. Using data from previous year of research and other secondary data, this article not only explores the phenomena of flooding in the city of Prague in particular, but also analyzes responses, roles and strategies undertaken by some environmental NGOs in actor-based approach perspective.Key words: floods mitigation, NGO, society, actor-based approach, The Czech Republic
Arus Sosial dan Budaya Jepang pada Zaman Globalisasi
Get PDFGlobalization is the term used to describe the economic expansion in the world at the end of the 20th century. Thus, the economic expansion followed by flows of culture, capital, people, images and ideologies. The five dimensions of global cultural flows can be termed ethnoscapes, technoscapes, financescapes, mediascapes, and ideoscapes. The impact of globalization on the labor market is the rise of the service industry, and the cultural effects of globalization is the shrinking of space and time by information technology, which can help the process of disseminating information to different parts of the world. In the 1990s, Japan achieved rapid development of dissemination of information via the internet, and had some important facts such as the upheaval of political party, the great earthquake in Kobe and the incident by Aum Shinrikyo. Since that time, there was a crisis of trust on the government and police, and some new sub-cultural movements as an anti-authoritarian, anti-bureaucratic and anti-industrial stance, and a concern for self-fulfillment, such as furitaa, enjo kousai, and otaku. Then, the rise of service industry worker and the increased of interest in Japanese pop culture (mass culture) in the world, stimulated commodification of culture and consumer culture. The flow of the Japanese pop culture shows that globalization does not always flow in one direction from the West to the rest, but can also flow from East to the various parts of the world, create fragmentation, cultural diversity and hybridity, and it is supported by the media.Keywords: globalization, global cultural flows, sub-cultural movements, commodification of culture, Japan since the 1990
Kabar dari Koloni: Pandangan dan Pemberitaan Surat Kabar Belanda tentang turisme di Hindia Belanda (1909-1940)
Get PDFThis paper discusses the views regarding tourism, especially the role of Vereeniging Toeristenverkeer (VTV)-Association of tourism- in the Netherlands Indies from the newspapers published in the Netherlands. The newspapers are Het Vaderland (HV), Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant (NRC), Algemeen Handelsblad (AH) during the period of 1909 to 1940. From the three newspapers, the articles about promotion of tourism in the Netherlands Indies, are found to be dominant. They provide also an overview of criticism and suggestion about tourism in the Netherlands Indies, which can be understood because the three newspapers were the liberal newspapers.Keywords: the views of the Netherlands newspapers, colonial tourism, the Dutch East Indie
TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT TAIWAN YANG MENUA
Get PDFTaiwan’s ageing population has boosted the high rate of demand for caretakers. Many caretakers came from Southeast Asian countries such as the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia. Since 2005 Indonesian Workers have dominated the market share of the welfare sector. However in 2015 the Indonesian government launched a zero-maid policy, in order to terminate the sending of unskilled workers. The other goal is to provide better protection for migrant workers abroad. Taiwan becomes one of the targets of this policy. In fact, this policy will certainly create great impact on the supply of labor in the welfare sector in the future. Moreover, Taiwan has launched a national ten-year long-term care. So, how the Taiwanese government respond to this policy? Will the Indonesian workers’ shalt position be replaced by other Southeast Asian workers? This article aims firstly, to understand the position of migrant workers among other foreign workers working in the welfare sector in Taiwan. Secondly, to understand the Taiwan government’s efforts in response to the Indonesian government’s plan. This study uses literature study and interviews. This issue will be analyzed using economic and social approaches. The data used are from the range of 1992 to 2015.Keywords: ageing society, Taiwan, Indonesian workers, employment policyAbstrakPenuaan penduduk Taiwan mendorong tingginya laju permintaan akan tenaga perawat. Selama ini tenaga perawat didatangkan dari negara-negara Asia Tenggara, seperti Filipina, Vietnam, Thailand, dan Indonesia. Sejak 2005 Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) mendominasi pangsa pasar sektor kesejahteraan sosial. Namun di tahun 2015, Pemerintah Indonesia mencanangkan zero-maid policy, yaitu penghentian pengiriman TKI tidak terampil. Tujuannya tidak lain adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan yang lebih besar bagi TKI di luar negeri. Taiwan menjadi salah satu target dari kebijakan ini. Kebijakan ini tentu akan berdampak pada ketersediaan tenaga kerja pada sektor kesejahteraan sosial di Taiwan di masa depan. Apalagi Taiwan sudah mencanangkan national ten-year long-term care. Lantas, bagaimana respon pemerintah Taiwan terhadap kebijakan ini? akanlah TKI digantikan posisinya oleh TKA lainnya? Artikel ini bertujuan untuk pertama, memahami posisi TKI di antara tenaga kerja asing lainnya yang bekerja di sektor informal di Taiwan. Kedua, memahami upaya pemerintah Taiwan dalam menanggapi rencana pemerintah Indonesia tersebut. Studi ini menggunakan studi literatur dan wawancara. Persoalan ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan ekonomi dan sosial. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari tahun 1992 hingga 2015.Kata kunci: ageing society, Taiwan, TKI, kebijakan ketenagakerjaa
EFEK KEBIJAKAN SATU ANAK TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN PEREMPUAN DI TIONGKOK: SEBUAH IRONI
Get PDFIn the Chinese tradition that is influenced by the Confusianism, women are seen to have lower positions than men. In such a social system, the One-Child policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping since 1979 as a program to control the population, underpin the inferiority perception upon Chinese women. This article aims analyze the effects of the China’s One Child Policy towards Chinese women’s lives. It is important to understand how Chinese Women live after their lives have been affected by this Policy, in a good or a bad way. The results show that One Child Policy has negative impacts on Chinese women’s lives. It does not only lead to discrimination views againts women, but also indirectly violate a Chinese woman’s social, cultural and economic rights. Criminal cases overshadow the Chinese women, ranging from torture, neglect of children, abortion, illegal adoption, human trafficking, kidnapping, and even prostitution. On the other hand, all criminal cases makes women become “rare “ and “special” objects in China. Ironically, the scarcity of women in China actually cause the higher bargaining power of women. Now in their lives, Chinese women can go to school, work, choosing a spouse, or even file for divorce. Women’s social status in Chinese society has increased now. It means that women also obtain the positive impact of One-Child Policy.Keywords: women, confucianism, the one child policyAbstrakDalam tradisi Tiongkok yang dipengaruhi oleh Konfusianisme, perempuan selalu memiliki posisi lebih rendah daripada laki-laki. Dalam sistem sosial seperti ini, Kebijakan Satu Anak yang diperkenalkan oleh Deng Xiaoping sejak 1979 sebagai program untuk mengontrol populasi, turut mendukung inferioritas wanita Tiongkok. Artikel ini mencoba menganalisis efek Kebijakan Satu Anak di Tiongkok kepada kehidupan perempuan. Sangat penting untuk memahami bagaimana perempuan Tiongkok menjalani hidupnya pascakehidupannya telah dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan ini, dengan cara yang baik maupun yang buruk. Artikel ini berkesimpulan bahwa Kebijakan Satu Anak memiliki dampak negatif dalam kehidupan perempuan. Kebijakan ini tidak hanya menyebabkan pandangan diskriminatif terhadap perempuan, namun juga secara tidak langsung melanggar hak asasi dalam kehidupan sosial, kultural, dan ekonomi perempuan Tiongkok. Kasus kriminal pun membayangi perempuan Tiongkok, mulai dari penyiksaan, pengabaian anak perempuan, aborsi, adopsi ilegal, penjualan manusia, penculikan, bahkan prostitusi.Di lain pihak, semua kasus kriminal ini telah membuat perempuan menjadi objek yang “langka” dan “spesial” di Tiongkok. Ironisnya, kelangkaan perempuan di Tiongkok menyebabkan nilai tawar perempuan menjadi lebih tinggi. Sekarang, dalam kehidupan mereka, perempuan Cina bisa pergi ke sekolah, bekerja, memilih pasangan hidup, bahkan menuntut cerai. Status sosial perempuan dalam masyarakat Tiongkok pun sudah meningkat sekarang. Ini berarti, perempuan Tiongkok juga telah mendapatkan efek positif dari Kebijakan Satu Anak.Kata kunci: perempuan, konfusianisme, kebijakan satu ana
APEC dan Proses Integrasi Ekonomi Regional di Kawasan Asia Pasifik
Get PDFEconomic regionalism has become a real phenomenon in Asia Pacific during the last decade. This region has experienced the explosion of bilateral and regional trading arrangements, and is considered as the most progressive and forefront in proliferation of the establishment of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs). A report by World Trade Organization in 2010, for instance, shows more than 462 FTAs/RTAs have already established, 111 FTAs/RTAs of those were in Asia Pacific region. The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), as a prominent economic cooperation in region, has actively promoted an economic integration, such the Bogor Declaration in 1994 to achieve free and open trade and investment in Asia Pacific and the idea of establishing Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific (FTAAP) in 2006, followed by a proposal of using Trans-Pacific Strategic Partnership (TPP) as a pathway of FTAAP in 2009. This article is aimed to address the APECs agenda on this regional economic integration, which generated debates amongst its economies members, scholars and analyst with different perspectives. This writing is also intended to analyze Indonesias position and its strategic policy to response this development.Key words: APEC, regionalism, Asia Pacifi
WANITA ASIA DALAM IMAJINASI DIGITAL: KAJIAN LITERATUR ATAS ORIENTALISME
Get PDFGlobalization is marked with the spread of Western culture technology products. One of the Western cultural products that are very influential was Hollywood movies. Fictitious narratives produced the some imaginative ideas that apply also on social media communicative as dating site, video porn sites, until advertising. The awareness of imaginative west of geopolitics outside himself or Other revealed by Edward Said in Orientalism. Said that initially examine the practice of West imaginative through Literature opens up the possibility of resumption of studies on other media with the idea that the West has distortion of the knowledge of the East, one considers that the exotic East. Exotic ideas still present in western digital imagination when respect women Asia as the representation of the women of the east. Some Hollywood movies, dating site, video porn sites until the advertisements still presents stereotypes Asian women foreign, mysterious, strange and sensual display. Asian women trapped in exotic role in the Digital imagination space. They exoticiziation and exoticted themselves before the digital public. Globalisation and the development of communications technology in digital imagination proved does not stop the stereotypes against Asian women that they exotic. Thus through digital imagination and the will of the global capitalism, representation Asian women shown, celebrated, promoted and taken advantage of it.Keywords: digital imagination, women Asia, post-Orientalism, exoticAbstrakGlobalisasi ditandai dengan tersebarnya produk teknologi budaya Barat. Salah satu produk budaya Barat yang sangat berpengaruh adalah film Hollywood. Narasi fiktif tersebut menghasilkan beberapa gagasan imajinatif yang berlaku juga pada media sosial komunikatif seperti situs kencan, video porno, hingga iklan. Kesadaran imajinatif barat terhadap geopolitik di luar dirinya atau other diungkap oleh Edward Said dalam Orientalisme. Said yang pada awalnya mengkaji praktik imajinatif Barat melalui Sastra membuka peluang terbukanya kajian pada media lainnya dengan gagasan bahwa Barat memiliki distorsi pengetahuan tentang Timur, salah satunya menganggap bahwa Timur Eksotis. Gagasan eksotis tetap hadir dalam imajinasi digital Barat ketika memandang Wanita Asia sebagai representasi wanita timur. Beberapa film Hollywood, situs kencan, video porno hingga iklan masih menghadirkan stereotip Wanita Asia yang asing, misterius, aneh dan sensual. Wanita Asia terjebak pada peran eksotisnya dalam ruang imajinasi digital tersebut. Mereka dieksotiskan dan mengeksotiskan diri di hadapan publik digital. Globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dalam imajinasi digital terbukti tidak menghentikan stereotip terhadap wanita asia bahwa mereka eksotis. Justru melalui imajinasi digital dan kehendak kapitalisme global, representasi wanita asia dipertontonkan, dirayakan, dipromosikan dan diambil keuntungan darinya.Kata kunci: imajinasi digital, wanita Asia, pasca-Orientalisme, eksoti
Migrasi, Kewarganegaraan, dan Partisipasi Imigran: Studi Kasus Imigran Turki di Belanda
Get PDFThis article focuses on transnational migration in Europe, primarily on the Turkish migrants diaspora and their citizenship participation in the Netherlands. Their migration history and its patterns are unique, thus interesting to be explored. The presence of the Turkish migrants has enriched the ethnic diversity in the European Society, including the Dutch. They seek for acknowledgement in their host country through citizenship, to gain various accesses from the local government to the European society in general. The basic analyses of the paper based on empirical studies on the Turkish migrants. The questions posed in this article are (1) what is the importance of being European citizen and why are they applying the Dutch citizenship? (2) How is the relationship between the Turkish migrants and the Dutch government especially to gain various accesses from local government? To answer these questions, the article will explore the history and motivation of the Turkish, interaction between the Turkish migrants and the native society, and how they interact with other ethnic groups, local institution and government. These would lead to the discussion about the participation of the Turkish migrants on the public spheres.Keywords: transnational migration, Turkish migrants, integration, Dutch citizenshi
INDONESIAN MIGRATION INDUSTRY IN TAIWAN: SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENT CHALLENGES
Get PDFInstitutional placement mechanisms are inevitable in migrant services industries. However, some business components in the recruitment process are unbalanced, whereby the migrant workers are entirely responsible for their departure costs and fees. Individual and institutional actorsbanks, insurance companies, brokers, and private or even state recruitment institutionsare involved in the migrant workers sales market, and these conditions are faced by Indonesian migrant workers in general. As a result, debt bondage and slavery are typically characteristic of Indonesian migrant workers. Using existing literature and a qualitative approach through case studies of Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, this article demonstrates the role of brokers (agencies) in managing and controlling migrant labor abroad. Even some of the placement and fiancial policies designed to help migrants with their debt bondage and agency exploitation are also prone to manipulation. Therefore, this article also explores what circumstances and conditions might lead Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan to debt bondage and suggests improvements for migrant empowerment. Keywords: debt, slavery, migration industry, brokers (agency