Jurnal Kajian Wilayah (JKW)
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Dari Pekerja ke Wirausaha: Migrasi Internasional, Dinamika Tenaga Kerja, dan Pembentukan Bisnis Migran Indonesia di Taiwan
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the issue of international migration, labor dynamics, and the emergence of independent business (self-employment or entrepreneurship) among Indonesian migrant communities in Taiwan. In addition to contribute the cultural exchange or mix of culture transnationally, the development of cross-border migration also encourages the emergence of social networks and economic activities at regional and global level. The economic dimension that has been linked to international migration issue is dynamics of social change among migrant workers who work for remittances (migrant remittances) to the self optimization (entrepreneurship migrant), that resulted one of them to the creation of one stop service for migrant needs (one stop service). Through observation and interviews conducted to Indonesian entrepreneurs of migrant communities in Taiwan, it shows that: (1) migrants entrepreneurship in recent situation is no longer as a side-job in economic activity, compared to being migrant workers themselves, (2) the financial crisis in 2009 had triggered the growing of migrants entrepreneurship significantly. Therefore, the practice of migrants entrepreneurship has shown its importance not only - to accommodate basic needs, social, and psychological migrant workers, but also to expand the dynamics of Indonesian migrant diaspora living in Taiwan, acculturation among society, speeding the trade flows between regions, and of course increasing economic prosperity among entrepreneurs and migrant workers. Although migrants-entrepreneurs in Taiwan had been criticized more or less for taking advantage the ideas of migrants needs, however this can be understood as a form of adjustment to the businesses they run. Furthermore, migrant entrepreneurship can be seen also as a form of adjustment to the economic potential and socio-cultural they experienced in Taiwan, one of which, by creating a variety of business models and maintain social networks individually or in other groups.Keywords: international migration, Indonesian workers, entrepreneurship
Patriot Ekspatriat: Imajinasi dan Aksi Anti-Kolonialisme dan Nasionalisme Asia Tenggara
Get PDFThis article explores another variant of the emergence of the nationalism and anti colonialism idea. In the discourse of nationalism and anti-colonialism, much of attention from historians solely allocate to the rooted aspect of the formation of the nation, while there is a forgotten that the nationalism awareness and the anti-colonial sensitivity also can sprout from the mobility or travel of the community or individual far beyond the homeland. This article wants to observe the mobile aspects of the imagination and the action of anti-colonialism and nationalism from this type of individuals, called expatriate patriots, which was invented and awakened from their relationship that they interlaced during their odyssey in Europe. I argue, despite of their networks, interactions, experiences, model and method of actions were different, however, their impact on the discourse of nation formation was no doubt very important.Keywords: expatriate patriots, anti-colonialism, nationalism, and travel
Wajah Multikulturalisme Eropa: Ancaman atas Kehidupan Sosial Politik Imigran Muslim di Inggris
Get PDFThis article describe Europe multiculturalism especially Muslim social life in England. One of important social issues in the country is unharmony relation between British society and Muslim imigrant. This is an irony because European community eventually is based on liberalism which give freedom to citizen and non-discrimination principle. There are few condition which cause discrimination in UK, as follow; social jealous to imigrant in Europe as we known that many immigrant who success in its business or working and there is opinion that immigrant take over job opportunity from indigenous people in Europe and misperception to Islam.Keyword: Europe, multiculturalism, immigrant, Musli
Neorealism and ASEAN States Cooperation in ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA): An Empirical Critique
Get PDFPembentukan ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) merepresentasikan bentuk lain dari Preferential Trading Agreement (PTA). Melalui logika Neorealisme, para peneliti menjelaskan hal tersebut sebagai upaya negara-negara ASEAN untuk menanggapi kekuatan Uni Eropa, North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) dan pertumbuhan pesat negara China. Tulisan ini secara kritis melihat kembali logika Neorealisme untuk menjelaskan mengapa negara-negara ASEAN bergabung dalam AFTA dan mengapa mereka bersetuju untuk mengadopsi kerangka kerjasama perdagangan bebas, yang bersifat selektif dan gradual. Pembentukan AFTA tidak secara konsisten merefleksikan kerjasama tersebut dan Neorealisme tidak bisa menjelaskan kerangka kerjasama tersebut. Alih-alih menempatkan kekuatan (power) sebagai satu-satunya variabel independen yang relevan dan penjelasan atas sebab-akibat terbentuknya states-regime, gabungan kepentingan dan kekuatan (power) menyediakan satu set variabel yang bisa menjelaskan kerjasama antarnegara dan kerangkanya. Dari situ, kerjasama negara-negara ASEAN dalam bidang ekonomi dan perdagangan tidak hanya menjelaskan mengapa negara-negara tersebut membentuk AFTA pada tahun 1992, namun tulisan ini akan mengklarifikasi mengapa mereka bersetuju untuk mengadopsi liberalisasi perdagangan yang bersifat selektif dan gradual.Kata kunci: Neorealisme, kerjasama negara, kerangka kerjasama, AFTA, liberalisasi selektif dan gradual, state-regime
Defining US Southeast Asia Strategy: A Strategic Analysis of US Foreign Policy under Obama Administration
Get PDFStudi ini mengkaji strategi Amerika Serikat (AS) di Asia Tenggara (Asteng). Penulis secara khusus dan empiris mengambil fokus kepentingan-kepentingan vital AS apa yang sesungguhnya terancam di kawasan Asteng, bagaimana berbagai strategi AS dan sumber daya yang dimilikinya melindungi dan memajukan kepentingan tersebut. Berbeda dengan studi lainnya, penulis mempertimbangkan apakah kebijakan poros strategis AS di Asia semata berfungsi untuk menjaga kohesivitas keamanan antarkawasan yang berada di bawah payung AS sejak Perang Dunia II. Kebijakan demikian dapat membelah persatuan ASEAN, menimbulkan ketegangan dengan Tiongkok, dan juga pada akhirnya dapat melemahkan keamanan antarkawasan. Sebagai tambahan, penulis mempertimbangkan apakah fokus baru AS di Asteng benar-benar format baru atau sekedar perubahan fokus strategi dengan substansi yang sama. Dengan menggunakan analisa studi kasus tunggal dari politik luar negeri AS di bawah Pemerintahan Presiden Obama di Asteng dari tahun 2009-2012, penulis menemukan bukti bahwa asosiasi antara fokus baru AS di Asteng dengan kepentingan nasional AS di bidang ipoleksosbudhankam yang bersifat memaksa sebagai bagian politik luar negerinya yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki keadaan dalam negerinya. Selain itu, penulis menunjukkan bahwa politik luar negeri AS di Asteng tetap dilanjutkan fokusnya pada perang melawan terorisme, menahan kebangkitan Tiongkok, dan memastikan bahwa kawasan Asteng tidak didominasi oleh entitas kekuatan yang berpotensi memusuhi AS.Kata kunci: Amerika Serikat, kebijakan luar negeri, Asia Tenggara, strategis
PERAN IDENTITAS AGAMA DALAM KONFLIK DI RAKHINE MYANMAR TAHUN 20122013
Get PDFIn 20122013, a communal conflct took place in Rakhine, Myanmar. Religion identities between Muslim minoritiy and Budhist majority have been made use to raise violence among parties. This paper tries to analyse whether the differences in religion identity played as structural/root factor of the Rakhine conflct. Through literature review, the result of study shows that religion identity issue was intentionally played by securitizing actors to mobilise people and to accelerate conflct, in order to pursue their own real interest of power domination, land ownership and business chance. Besides, this research also identifis several prolonged discriminative policies and low economic levels as the structural factor of the communal conflct. This paper suggests that stakeholders should empower moderate monk in promoting interfaith dialogue, involve imparsial third party as mediator, and remove all discriminative policies as the ways to optimize the ongoing conflct resolution process.Keywords: Myanmar, religion identity, communal conflct
Soft Diplomacy SBY dalam Konflik Indonesia-Malaysia: Studi Kebijakan SBY terhadap Pelanggaran Kedaulatan oleh Malaysia di Perairan Bintan Tahun 2010
Get PDFThis paper seeks to interpret and evaluate President Yudhoyonos diplomatic approach towards Malaysia regarding the captured of three Indonesian officials in 2010 by Malaysian Maritime Police. It is interesting since violation of state sovereignty had triggered mass protest in Indonesia, the executive ignored the public demand. Rather than using coercive approach, the Indonesian elite employed soft diplomacy to engage Malaysia towards win-win solutions. This paper argues that Yudhoyonos foreign policy towards Malaysia in this context is counterproductive to increase nations self-esteem. Yudhoyonos soft diplomacy only matters for short term interest but not for long term one. This paper argues that the strategy chosen by President Yudhoyono is rooted from his misconception of soft power. This paper also suggest that soft power alone is insufficient to serve national interest; it need to be combine with hard power. As such, the effective diplomacy is smart power; the combination of soft and hard power which is compatible to the Second Principle of Pancasila.Keywords: soft diplomacy, soft power, SBYs foreign policy, smart powe
Emerging Pulp and Paper Industry in Thailand
Get PDFTulisan ini menggarisbawahi diskusi singkat mengenai reformasi ekonomi pada tahun 1970-an hingga 1990-an yang mengubah hubungan ekonomi luar negeri Thailand melalui implementasi strategi ekonomi yang membuka kesempatan bagi para investor untuk menanamkan modalnya. Upaya ini memengaruhi peningkatan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) yang merupakan hasil kerjasama antar investor domestik, bahkan ada perusahaan seratus persen kepemilikan dimiliki oleh perusahaan asing. Implikasi dari reformasi ekonomi ini menunjukkan suatu yang positif. Para investor menanamkan modalnya dalam berbagai sektor, seperti minyak, pertambangan, petrokimia, otomotif, perbankan, infrastruktur perumahan, industri perhutanan, dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini berfokus pada pulp dan industri kertas. Pada dua dekade terakhir (1980-an sampai 2000-an), terlihat peningkatan jumlah pulp dan industri kertas di Thailand. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kebijakan pemerintah Thailand terhadap perkembangan ekonomi, implikasi dari kebijakan pulp dan industri kertas, dengan mengambil dua perusahaan pulp dan industri kertas, yaitu Advance Agro dan Siam Cement Groups sebagai contoh kasus bagaimana mereka mengelola industri tersebut, masalah kepemimpinan di dalamnya, dan bagaimana mereka merevitalisasi perusahaan agar terus berkembang.Kata kunci: Kebijakan reformasi ekonomi, Royal Forest Department (RFD), pulp dan industri kertas, Advance Agro, Siam Cement Group, manajemen
MENJAGA KEPERCAYAAN INVESTOR MELALUI KASUS TAX EVASION APPLE INC. DI IRLANDIA: LITERATURE REVIEW
Get PDFThis paper studies about the Apple Inc. case in Ireland. The European Commission found out indications of tax evasion by Apple Inc. As one of important investors in Ireland, the case becomes a consideration for the Ireland government to maintain a condusive investment climate. This paper aims to understand how did Apple Inc. withstand the severe trust problem they are facing in Ireland. In order to do that, literature review method is used systematically in this paper. Overall, the study finds that one of the important aspects is the Irish government policy support. The support basically is the international relation political strategy between the Irish government and Apple Inc. From this case, Indonesia should take lesson learned in order to improve investors’ confidence in Indonesia, especially after the implementation of ASEAN Economic Community is implemented.Keywords: tax evasion, Apple Inc., Ireland, investor trustAbstrakTulisan ini mengkaji kasus Apple Inc. yang terjadi di Irlandia. Komisi Uni Eropa menemukan adanya indikasi penghindaran pajak (tax evasion) yang dilakukan Apple Inc. Sebagai salah satu investor di Irlandia, kasus ini tentu menjadi pertimbangan bagi pemerintah Irlandia dalam memelihara iklim investasi yang berkesinambungan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat aspek yang mempengaruhi Apple Inc. yang sampai saat ini tetap bertahan di Irlandia ketika permasalahan yang berat telah menggoyahkan kepercayaan perusahaan tersebut. Untuk menemukan aspek tersebut, kasus ini dipelajari dengan menggunakan metode literatur review secara sistematis. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini menemukan bahwa dukungan kebijakan pemerintah Irlandia menjadi salah satu aspek penting bagi keputusan Apple Inc. Dukungan tersebut pada dasarnya merupakan strategi politik hubungan internasional pemerintah Irlandia dan Apple Inc. Melalui kasus ini pula, Indonesia dapat mengambil pelajaran yang diperlukaan untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan investor di Indonesia, terutama setelah diberlakukannya komunitas Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN.Kata kunci: tax evasion, Apple Inc., Irlandia, kepercayaan investo