Nordic Journal of Architectural Research / Nordisk Arkitekturforskning

Herklint, Ewamarie

Swedish

Like human beings, architecture has to choose its way of existence: a personality true to one's own nature or the preconceived roles of an actor. From this Heideggerian view, the paper examines the formal characteristics of contemporary Chinese architecture. It also explores how social and cultural conditions and intellectuals' sense of responsibility have contributed to the current state of architecture in China

Miao, Pu

English

In the Absence of Authenticity: An Interpretation of Contemporary Chinese Architecture

Redvall, Christina

Editorial

Arrhenius, Thordis

Mussolinis nya Rom

Birgersson, Lisbeth

Theme: Tools for interaction in urban planning. Background

This paper takes technology as the starting point for an aesthetic reflection. The technological object has transformed the cohesion of the metropolitan environment. This, in turn, calls for people to entertain different sorts of affective transactions with their surroundings. What could these be? How might architecture support and enhance them

Desrochers, Brigitte

From Technology to Aesthetics

Nefer Olsen, Kasper

Kolb, David

Home on the Range: Planning and Totality

Kimaryo, Jacob L.

Jagemar, Lennart

Jergeby, Ulla

Carleheden, Michael

Wall, Maria

Abstracts - doktorsavhandlingar 
Lars-Henrik Stahl: 
Three Texts on the Aesthetics 
of Dislocation. 
Theoretical and Applied Aesthetics, 
Faculty of Technology, Lund 1996. 
Language: 
Swedish. ISBN 91-970033-7-9 
Distribution: 
Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Aesthetics 
P.O. Box 118 S-221 00 Lund 
Key words: 
Architecture, Aesthetics, Dislocation, Deviation, 
Incompleteness, Metaphysics, Sign, Text, 
Deconstruction, Formalism. 
The aim of the dissertation Three texts on the aesthetics of dis-
location, is to show and discuss some aspects of aesthetics with 
regard to the concepts of deviation, dislocation and incomplete-
ness. The dissertation consists of three different parts, which can 
be read separately and without any preferable sequence. 
One of the three texts, (-) The designating gesture, deals with 
questions concerning a typical theme in the modern society, 
namely the tendency to worship the act of deviation from the 
modernistic ideological mainstream. Paradoxically the break from 
general conventions seems to be the drive in the aesthetics of 
modernism. (-) The designating gesture is an attempt to give the 
philosophical background to this paradox. Of great importance is 
the ages of romanticism and enlightment, but also the critique of 
enlightment developed in poststructuralistic thoughts and de-
constructive philosophy. 
Deconstruction also plays a fundamental role in the quantita-
tively biggest part of the dissertation. This part, Dislocation and 
Autonomy, deals with questions that arise in a close reading of 
Peter Eisenman's texts on architecture. Dislocation and auton-
omy are here the key-concepts in the investigation of Eisenman's 
theoretical relation to the philosophical deconstruction. In Eisen-
man's architectural theories, a special type of object-oriented per-
spective tends to occupy the foreground. This is important in the 
concideration of how Eisenman's theories and architecture have 
been developed since the end of the sixties. Furthermore, it also 
gives the background to the formalistic impact on Eisenman's 
works. 
The smallest, but not the less important part of Three texts on 
the aesthetics of dislocation, is Furniture Strategies. This text is a 
comparison between Donald Judd's way of designing furniture 
and Richard Artschwager's furniturelike objects of art. In the light 
of a discussion about the economy in the design process and f ull-
fil lment of desires, the strong limit between the categories of fur-
niture and art is brought into question. In addition to this text, the 
author presents an object, Bench for museums, which can be 
seen as a parasite on both of the two traditional categories of art 
and furniture. 
A B S T R A C T S D O K T O R S A V H A N D L I N G A R 7 3 
Jacob L. Kimaryo: 
Urban Design and Space Use. 
A Study of Dar es Salaam City Centre. 
Dept. of Building Functions Analysis, Lund 
Institute of Technology, Lund university 1996. 
Language: 
English. 
Distribution: 
Department of Building Functions Analysis, Box 118, 
S - 221 00 Lund. 
Key words: 
City centres, Dar es Salaam, developing countries, 
urban design, urban space, space use, urban form, 
Tanzania. 
Albeit there isa general consensus that urban design in the t w e n -
tieth century failed in relation to space use, systematic research 
on this aspect has been very l imited or at most inadequate in the 
developing countries. This study focuses on the above failure of 
urban design in this century w i th specific reference to the deve-
loping countries through an analysis of Dar es Salaam city centre, 
Tanzania. The modern city centre was analyzed critically through 
observation, document review, analysis of maps and plans, coup-
led w i th interview. The aim is to add to the understanding about: 
why and how urban design in this century failed w i th respect to 
space use in the developing countries, and how urban design in 
these countries could be made more successful in this respect. 
The results of the study suggest that dissociation of urban design 
in this century f rom prevailing economic, technological, and c l im-
atic conditions in the developing countries has been the over-
riding factor for its poor performance w i th respect to space use in 
these countries. The results show that because urban design in 
this century detached itself f rom prevailing economic, techno-
logical, and climatic conditions in developing countries, it lead to 
urban spatial forms which are deterrent to meaningful space use. 
The results also provide important clues about how urban design 
in the developing countries could be improved w i th respect to 
space use w i th in their existing economic, technological, and cl i -
matic circumstances. Particularly, the study reveals that through 
mixed land use patterns, traffic circulation systems which give 
less priority to vehicular traff ic, less emphasis on urban solids, re-
consideration of plot ratios, and more appropriate urban space 
treatment, urban design in the developing countries could be 
more successful in relation to space use. 
Lennart Jagemar: 
Design of Energy Efficient Buildings 
Applied on HVAC Systems 
in Commercial Buildings. 
School of Civil Engineering, 
Dept. of Building Services Engineering, 
Postgraduate Programme in Building 
Services Engineering, Gothenburg 1996. 
A methodology for planning and design of energy efficient bui l -
dings is presented and analysed. The starting point is the definition 
that energy efficiency is a question of minimizing the energy end-
use w i th in realistic economic frames and fully preserved funct ion. 
The methodology is based on a systematic approach to the 
issue of energy efficiency. One element in this is the introduction 
of a number of energy related ratios, Energy Performance Ratios, 
that characterise the influence of bui lding parts and the technical 
systems of the building on the energy end-use of the building as 
an entirety. These ratios are selected and formulated so that they 
facilitate a systematic strive towards high energy efficiency when 
applied in planning and design of buildings. 
One basic moment is to elucidate the energy interaction bet-
ween different parts and systems of the building in order make it 
74 N O R D I S K A R K I T E K T U R F O R S K N I N G 1 9 9 7 : 1 
easier to avoid sub-optimised solutions. This is done by intro-
ducing an imaginary division of the building into, from an energy 
end-use point of view, characteristic system parts on different 
levels of interaction wi th other parts. The build up of the Energy 
Performance Ratios follows this division. Therewith the applica-
tion of these ratios contributes to a comprehensive view when 
designing the building. 
Another basic moment is the setting of Energy Targets to aim 
at when building parts, technical systems and components are 
designed and rated. This is done by quantifying the Energy Per-
formance Ratios. A substantial part of the work deals with the 
quantification of Energy Performance Ratios to realistic Energy 
Targets. This is done by a combination of analyses of existing moni-
tored buildings and theoretical simulations and calculations. 
In the present work the methodology is applied primarily on 
design and rating of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning sys-
tems with a focus on commercial buildings. However, the method-
Keywords: ology itself is not meant to be limited to these applications. The 
Design, Energy Efficiency, Economic Analysis, basic idea is that it should be applied on all the parts of the buil-
Simulations, Commercial. ding that have an obvious influence on the energy end-use. 
UI la Jergeby: 
Public Space as Arena and Scenery: 
To see, to be seen and to meet at public 
and neighbourhood places of the city 
Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, Studia 
Sociológica Upsaliensia 42, Uppsala 1996. 
Based on three empirical studies as a point of departure, the main 
purpose of this dissertation is to develop images of social life in 
outdoor environments in the city. The aim is also to generate an 
understanding of and explain social life through categories of ac-
tion orientations and more general processes, which in turn offer 
a basis for understanding levels of social interaction and relations 
in public and neighbourhood settings. 
The first part of the book is theoretical in nature and discusses 
analytical concepts of interaction and relations in public spaces. 
Central concepts are "focused" and "unfocused" interaction and 
"anonymous" and "anchored" relationships. This part also discus-
ses the conditions that give rise to forms of social life in public 
spaces. 
The second part of the book presents the empirical work and 
includes a re-analysis of three major studies. The data is derived 
from a number of interviews wi th parents of pre-school-aged, 
wi th pensioners and wi th persons who are gainfully employed. 
Two surveys of the populations in the investigated areas provided 
additional data. 
The analysis begins wi th a consideration of activities: transpor-
tation, walks and sojourning. A second analysis concerns a de-
lineation of social categories for different life phases. 
Considerations of the relations of people's actions - instru-
mental and communicative - to different parts of outdoor en-
vironments leads to a discussion on the relation between people 
A B S T R A C T S D O K T O R S A V H A N D L I N G A R 7 5 
Language: 
Swedish, with an English summary. 
ISBN 91-554-3815-6. 233 pages. 
Distribution: 
Almqvist&Wiksell International, Stockholm, Sweden. 
Key words: 
Public space, outdoor environment, unfocused 
interaction, focused interaction, weak ties, 
anonymity, anchorage, action orientation. 
and places. Some major principles for social value to be derived 
f rom a location are revealed as factors that enable people to ex-
perience regular social interaction in the fo rm of weak ties, the 
fo rm of contact which is favoured between individuals in city 
environments. People wil l sojourn at a location if there is some-
th ing there to entice them. Another factor is the opportuni ty to 
do something meaningful - here the location's utility is import -
ant. A third element is the presence of areas suitable for different 
users. 
Germán Perotti: 
From Self-help to Participative Planning: 
The architect's role under the Latin 
American Experience. 
Dept. of Architecture and Town Planning, 
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 
1996. 
Architects and Physical Planners have increasingly engaged them-
selves in housing during the last 200 years. Meanwhile, housing 
has developed into a huge, mult ifaceted and complex question, 
comprehending major issues of social development. 
Self-help Housing (SHH) is a process through which people con-
f ront their needs by themselves, and an instrument widely used 
by ruling forces to protect the established system. Different groups 
of influence a t tempt to control Self-help practice. Whereas hou -
sing, being a field for such confrontat ions, has become a link bet-
ween the formal and informal sectors of the society. 
Professionals work ing under such circumstances are bound to 
accomplish tasks that until now have been perceived as being be-
yond their professional f ield. 
Latin America is a good example of the evolut ion described 
above. The region is the most urbanised area of the developing 
wor ld at present. It has experienced a large range of policy or ien-
tations; presenting interesting features regarding Self-Help bui l -
ding and communi ty participation. 
By examining people's participation in housing in Latin Ame -
rica (LAC) in a historic perspective, confront ing it to professional 
involvement, and the questions raised by participative planning 
and present environmental concern, this study sketches a n u m -
ber of prerequisites and instruments for the implementat ion of 
architects' and planners' contr ibut ion to housing. 
The study shows that professional involvement in housing when 
users become active in the process - SHH - has increased. And 
has become a process that tends to add new responsibilities to 
the professionals' work , thereby modify ing their roles. These lay 
beyond the traditional perception of design as their main input, 
they can briefly be summarised as: 
i) consultative - in terms of being involved in the presenta-
t ion of alternatives to specific projects; 
ii) pedagogic -comprehend ing a double process of teach-
ing and learning f rom people's concrete pre-
requisites and f rom their place; 
76 N O R D I S K A R K I T E K T U R F O R S K N I N G 1 9 9 7 : 1 
Language: 
English. 
ISBN 91-7170-693-3. 
Key words: 
Self-help, Latin America, participation, environment, 
professional roles. 
iii) mediative - meaning that architects and planners have 
become a means to incorporate political ori-
entation, policy aims and people's expecta-
tions, as well as environmental condition-
ants into the prerequisites of projects and, 
iv) co-ordinative - meaning that there are comprehensive de-
mands coming from several levels that must 
be put together in order to accomplish sus-
tainable solutions. 
The study presents some of the instruments that must be de-
veloped in order to put in practice such roles among profession-
als, arguing that their work is also to be perceived as that of a 
social worker. 
More over, the study condudes that the creation of the pro-
posed instruments envisages the necessity of changes in the pro-
fessional excercise that must start at the educational level. 
Mikael Carleheden: 
Second Modernity 
- On Jurgen Habermas and the social 
theoretical discourse of modernity. 
Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, 
Lund University 1996. 
This is a dissertation in social theoretical research. Its main subject 
is the critical social theory of the later Jurgen Habermas, that is, 
the social theory of Habermas which has broken with his earlier 
attempt to found social theory in an anthropology of knowledge 
and which instead - since the beginning of the seventies - takes 
its point of departure in the presuppositions of communicative 
action. The dissertation is, however, not theoretical research in 
the field of the history of ideas. My "me thod " is not, in the first 
place, to illuminate and discuss Habermas' critical theory of so-
ciety by way of finding its theoretical roots, but by way of con-
trasting it wi th competing, contemporary social theories. This 
means that I place Habermas' critical theory on the sociological 
arena of today, that is, in the contemporary social theoretical dis-
course of modernity. I limit however, in the first place, the scope of 
my theoretical undertakings to social theories which have norm-
ative claims; Marxism, liberalism, communitarianism and post-
modern social theory. I argue that we should understand Haber-
mas' conception of modernity as a concept between classic mo-
dernity and postmodernity, and I use the term "second modern-
ity" to indicate the meaning of this concept. My general claim is 
that this concept gives us better possibilities than classical socio-
logy or competing, contemporary social theories to understand 
and take a normative stance to " the new modernity", that is, the 
changes - such as radicalised legitimation crisis, pluralisation, in-
dividualisation and globalisation - which modern society has 
gone through in the second half of this century. 
The dissertation consists of a collection of articles: 
1. "Is the theory of communicative action applicable in working 
life research. On Habermas' view on economic democracy"; 
A B S T R A C T S D O K T O R S A V H A N D L I N G A R 77 
Language: 
Swedish. 
ISBN 91-7173-064-8. 320 pages. 
Distribution: 
Daidalos, Box 123 04, S-402 43 Gothenburg, 
Sweden. 
Key words: 
Habermas, critical theory of society, modernity, 
theory of democracy, communicative action and 
reason, Marxism, liberalism, postmodernism, ethics, 
authenticity. 
2. "Alternative or reconstruction? On Habermas' criticism of 
Marx " ; 
3. "The Utopia of a democratic society"; 
4. "Forms of l iber ty- Human rights or democracy?" ; 
5. "I am just an American - On Richard Rorty's social theoretical 
approach" ; 
6. "Second Moderni ty - Between classic modernity and post-
modern i ty " ; 
7. "Has Habermas something to learn f rom the moral-political 
turn in postmodern theory ? " ; 
8. " A formal theory of the good life - A discourse-theoretical 
approach" . 
Maria Wall: 
Climate and Energy Use 
in Glazed Spaces 
Lund University Dissertation Abstracts, 
Dept. of Building Science, Faculty 
of Technology, Lund 1996. 
Language: 
English. Monography, 408 pages. 
Distribution: 
Dept. of Building Science, Lund Institute of Technology, 
Lund University, P. O. Box 118, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden. 
Key words: 
Atrium buildings; glazed spaces; climate; solar energy; 
energy requirement; heating; cooling; thermal comfort; 
calculations; field measurements; design tool. 
Glazed spaces ranging f r o m small glazed verandas to large 
atr ium buildings have become a common feature in architecture. 
A glazed space is greatly affected by aspects of the outside cl i -
mate such as insolation and temperature. In the design of such 
spaces, more sophisticated design tools are therefore required in 
order to estimate the climate inside the glazed space and the 
energy requirements for heating and cooling than in the design 
of ordinary buildings. 
One object has been to elucidate the relationship between 
building design and the climate, thermal comfort and energy re-
quirements in different types of glazed spaces. Another object 
has been to study the effect of the glazed space on energy re-
quirements in adjacent buildings. It has also been the object t o 
develop a simple calculation method for the assessment of t e m -
peratures and energy requirements in glazed spaces. 
The research work has mainly comprised case studies of existing 
buildings w i th glazed spaces and energy balance calculations 
using both the developed steady-state method and a dynamic 
building energy simulation program. Parameters such as the geo-
metry of the bui lding, type of glazing, or ientat ion, thermal in -
ertia, airt ightness, vent i lat ion system and sunshades have been 
studied. These parameters are of different importance for each 
specific type of glazed space. In addit ion, the significance of each 
of these parameters varies for different types of glazed spaces. 
The developed calculation method estimates the m in imum 
and mean temperature in glazed spaces and the energy require-
ments for heating and cooling. I he effect of the glazed space on 
the energy requirements of the surrounding buildings can also be 
estimated. It is intended that the method should be applied dur-
ing the preliminary design stage so that the effect which the de-
sign of the bui lding wil l have on climate and energy requirement 
may be determined. The method may provide an insight into how 
glazed spaces behave w i th regard to climate and energy. 
78 N O R D I S K A R K I T E K T U R F O R S K N I N G 1 9 9 7 : 1 


Abstracts - doktorsavhandlingar

Juzwa, Nina

f©LTU m 
The Problem 
of Reviving Old Industrial Areas: 
A Case Study of the Silesian Industrial Agglomeration in Poland 
Nina Juzwa 
^rm s the igth century progres-
m % sed, it became increasingly 
jMllllllL necessary to locate 
m m industrial enterprises in 
the coal field regions. Coal was trans-
portable, but it was used in such large 
quantities that iron, steel and other 
industrial factories moved to the coal 
mines to save the cost of transporta-
tion. Thus industry has long regarded 
the environment as a source of raw 
material, but also used it as a sink for 
dumping unwanted by-products. The 
consequences may be seen in the slag 
heaps and chemical dumps, in the 
damage to forests and the polluted 
rivers which blighted the landscape of 
the historical centers of the Industrial 
Revolution in northwestern England, 
the Ruhr, and the Nord-Pas du Calais. 
Today the same problem confronts 
T h e m e : W o r k s p a c e Des ign II 
Eastern Europe, which has been domi-
nated by heavy industry since World 
War Two. 
At the same time that technology 
and urban policies were evolving in 
Western Europe and setting new gro-
und rules for the siting and planning 
of industrial plants, and while the 
historic industrial regions were under-
going intense restructuring programs, 
the Upper Silesian Agglomeration in 
Poland was still facing the negative 
impacts of structural adjustments. 
The monostructural nature of the 
region's economy is manifested in the 
dominance of heavy industry and un-
der-investment in services. The land 
has been seriously damaged by indust-
rial growth with no concern for the 
human and natural environment. 
This environmental damage clearly 
has been detrimental to the quality of 
life in the region, making it difficult 
for Upper Silesia to compete with 
other industrial areas for new invest-
ment. The transition from centrally 
planned to market economy in the 
1990s accentuated the differences 
between Poland's various regions. The 
former mainstays of the national 
economy, the Upper Silesia, Lodz (the 
old center of the textile industry), and 
Walbrzych (also a coal field region), 
are regarded as backward in today's 
market economy. 
The Upper Silesian Agglomeration 
(also called the Upper Silesian Indust-
rial Region) is situated in southwestern 
Poland and consists of sixteen cities 
and towns of the Katowice Voivodship. 
Industrial development began here at 
the turn of the 19th century. Today 
FORUM 109 
The balance sheet of land use. 
the Agglomeration Project comprises 
a continuous urban area of 1200 square 
kilomerers and a rotal population of 
about 2.5 million inhabitants. The re-
gion is rhe largest and most densely 
populated urban agglomeration in 
Poland, with 891 inhabitants per square 
kilometer compared to a national ave-
rage of 116. Industry srill employs about 
50% of the working population. More 
then 25% of the land is occupied by 
industrial complexes for harvesting 
raw materials, while coal mining occu-
pies about 28% of the land, metallur-
gical industry about 25%, and power 
planrs about 11%. About 9% of the land 
in the entire region has been thoroughly 
decimated by industrial activity. 
During the last 50 years, public policy 
has generally been characterized by 
excessive exploitation of natural 
resources, bringing ecological disasrer 
ro the region. In the 1980s, it was con-
sidered the most polluted place on 
Earth. 
Following 19th century land use 
patterns, the iron foundries and orher 
factories were clustered around the 
coal mines and in close proximity to 
workers' housing. That amorphous 
arrangement, can be described as a 
complicated system of movements 
from the workplace to the settlement. 
This pattern of growth may be seen 
clearly in the existing spatial structure 
of the urban area, and is the source of 
many of the city's common features. 
Theories of urban land use have 
traditionally emphasized the role of 
accessibility and transportation costs. 
According to these theories, industrial 
plants should be concentrated in cities 
with railway access, close to coal mines, 
and close to the residential areas of the 
urban population centers. The result 
is urban sprawl and corridor develop-
ment along roadways, which isolates 
the remaining open places and ecosys-
tems and strengthens the functional 
interdependency of the agglomerated 
cities. 
The inability of areas thoroughly 
dominated by heavy industry - to adapt 
to broad, external economic changes -
demonstrates the vulnerability of the 
monofunctional regional economy. 
The economic changes of the 1990s 
have accelerated the decline of some 
1 1 0 NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING 1996 :4 
The Upper Silesia landscape 
large industrial areas dependent upon 
antiquated technology. The stagnation 
of production has diminished the rate 
of pollution, but the abandoned land 
is still polluted and continues to pro-
duce negative effects in the social sphere. 
Only a few of the great old enterprises 
are privatized. Most of the polluting 
heavy industry has no future, economi-
cally or ecologically, but has until to-
day been the dominant source of em-
ployment. The few new investment 
efforts in the region, such as the Fiat 
plant in Nowe Tychy or the new Ge-
neral Motors factory planned for 
Gliwice, are setting new rules for pro-
duction and employment. 
Many of the industrial districts on 
the urban periphery, established in 
close proximity to the steel and coal 
complex. These districts incorporating 
residential areas for workers, are self-
sufficient. These multifunctional com-
munities are providing work, service, 
and housing. The decline of even the 
inefficient plants undermines the 
traditional social relationships and 
should stimulate the creation of new 
workplaces, new spatial restructuring 
and new activities in the area. The spa-
tial and functional links between cities 
make the challenge of establishing new 
patterns of development a matter of 
regional as well as local concern. 
Does the Upper Silesian Agglome-
ration have a future? It would seem 
that the primary opportunity for the 
future lies in the revitalization of the 
human environment, in the renovation 
of houses and communities, which 
can offer significant economies of 
scale and generate new jobs. The basic 
goal of local policymaking is to pro-
mote the quality of life and the living 
FORUM 111 
standard through the institutional 
framework. 
Results of research (Juzwa and Szady 
1989; Gasidlo, Juzwa and Wenklar 
1994) show that the land occupied by 
the great industrial complexes can be 
divided into two categories. The first 
category comprises the already deve-
loped sites, including industrial, pu-
blic, and office buildings which could 
be considered for conversion, reno-
vated, or remodeled. The other cate-
gory comprises vacant lots, warehou-
ses, engineering and technological 
structures, railway yards, etc. Many of 
the old coal mining buildings, especi-
ally those at the entrances to the mines, 
are characterized by structural instabi-
lity and inadequate technical condi-
tions. Many of them are of local histo-
rical value, and in recent years some 
were demolished or insensirively rem-
odeled. Al l buildings situated on the 
margin of the city, on the urban peri-
phery, even those of traditional value, 
are in decline. 
Rehabilitation of the developed 
parts of the old industrial districts will 
often combine a range of processes 
from restoration or adaptive re-use of 
individual buildings to the revitalization 
of entire districts. Given rhe degree of 
environmental pollution, we ought to 
restore the soil of industrial plant sites 
before assigning to them a new category 
of land use. The process of evolution, 
i f at all similar ro rhat taking place in 
the historical industrial regions of 
Western Europe, will be long and 
enormously expensive. 
The strategy for reviving the Upper 
Silesia is aimed at job creation, soften-
ing the effects of the economic changes, 
and generating alternatives to the do-
minant monoculture of heavy industry 
while promoting regional development. 
The main issues can be grouped into 
three categories: economic Transfor-
mation, environmental considerations, 
and, of primary importance, extensive 
social problems. 
Thus environmental management 
and urban development cannot be 
considered separately, especially in an 
urban agglomeration like the Upper 
Silesia. The transition to a new market-
oriented society involves the restructu-
ring of local economies, and despite 
decentralization, local affairs are still 
controlled to a large extent by the cen-
tral government. Even today, the links 
between the local authority responsible 
for the various aspects of environmental 
management and ecology are not stable. 
The gap between formal regulation and 
policy implementation is obvious. There 
is little experience with public/private 
collaboration, and only a few local poli-
cies intended to guide the physical plan-
ning and new activities in declining areas. 
In the condition of Poland today, it 
is crucially important to get a redeve-
lopment project just to be started. A 
recent agreement has been made 
between the local and regional autho-
rities of Upper Silesia and the national 
government, called the Contract for 
Upper Silesia. The Contract brings a 
wealth of new challenges for the ma-
nagement of the urban environment. 
Nina Juzwa, Ph.D., Professor 
STU, Faculty o f Archi tecture, 
Silesian Technical University, 
Gliwice, Poland. 
References 
J U Z W A , N I N A ; SZADY, EVA (1989) Studies 
of the Land Use of the Industrial 
Complexes in Upper Silesia: The 
Case Study of the Coal Minings, 
Department of Architecture and 
Landscape of the Katowice 
Voivodship. 
G A S I D L O , K R Z Y S Z T O F ; J U Z W A , N I N A ; 
W E N K L A R , M A R E K (1996) 
"Studies of Bytom-Bobrek, rhe 
Old Industria - Residential Area, 
Studies for the Municipality of 
Bytomi994," Third Workshop of 
Bauhaus - Forum, Gliwice. 
PROJECT R E P O R T (1993) Consultation 
of the Sustainable Upper Silesia 
Agglomeration Project, Katowice. 
112 NORDISK ARKITEKTURFORSKNING 1996 :4 


The Problem of Reviving Old Industrial Areas: A Case Study of the Silesian Industrial Agglomeration in Poland

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