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Atrazine derangement of GLUT-4 and Insulin metabolism and the ameliorative effect of Virgin coconut oil in male wistar rats
Get PDFWe assessed the ameliorative effect of Virgin Coconut Oil following atrazine-induced metabolic derangement in rats. Adult male wistar rats weighing 180-200g were used; randomly separated into two major groups. Thirty-five rats in the test group were randomly divided into five sub-groups of 7 rats per sub-group and treated thus: Sub-group (SG) 1, 2 and 3 received 10ml/kg of distilled water, 10ml/kg VCO, 123mg/kg of Atrazine respectively, SG4 was diabetic control; SG 5 was the diabetic group treated with 10ml/kg of VCO for 2 weeks, after which the animals were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis. 35 rats for the recovery group were also divided into 5 sub-groups of 7 rats per sub-group and were treated; SG 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 10ml/kg distilled water, 10ml/kg VCO, 123mg/kg of ATZ respectively. After 2 weeks, the animals were re-treated thus: SG 1,2,3,4 and 5 received 10ml/kg of distilled water, 10ml/kg of VCO, 123mg/kg of ATZ, 10ml/kg VCO and 10ml/kg distilled water respectively. After 2 weeks, the animals were also sacrificed and blood collected for analysis. ATZ reduced serum insulin and a reduced expression of GLUT4. VCO restored GLUT4 levels but did not significantly restore the insulin to the normal level
Comparative study of Negative Pressure Wound therapy Vs. Local antibiotic cream dressings in acute hand burns second-degree superficial to deep
Get PDFBackground: The hand is one of the most common parts of the body involved in burns, i.e., 80%. Even minor burns in the hand may result in severe limitations of function. Early initiation of physiotherapy, topical antibiotic cream treatment, collagen application, splintage, passive exercise for second-degree superficial burns. Materials and methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in 10 patients with acute hand burns due to thermal burns (scald, flame). All patients with second-degree superficial to intermediate thickness burns were given Negative pressure wound therapy (indigenous NPWT Kit) to one hand and local antibiotic cream to the other hand or other parts of the body to study clinical profile and outcome. Results: A total of 10 patients were studied. The majority of patients were in 19 to 30 years of age group 6 patients (60%), five females, and one male. Pediatric patients account for 4 patients (40%), two female and two male children. Incidence of burns in females 70% and males’ group 30%. Significant reduction in postburn edema in NPWT hand compared to topical antibiotic cream dressing. Healing is fast in NPWT applied hand/part. Conclusion: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Acute second-degree superficial burns showed promising results in wound healing and reduced post-burn edema burn in hand in our study
RELATIONSHIP OF PELVIC ALIGNMENT WITH BALANCE AND GAIT IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: Pelvic alignment and balance
No full textBackground- Pelvis is the key structure that connects the spine and the lower limbs. Altered Pelvic Alignment and asymmetrical weight bearing on affected lower limbs is a common problem leading to pelvic instability which may have an effect on balance and gait in patients with stroke. Hence, it was aimed to investigate the interdependence of these three components in patients with stroke. Methods- Four databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Science Direct) were searched to identify eligible studies using the keywords Pelvic Alignment, Gait, Balance, Stroke. Only observational studies published in last 10 years (2010-2020) were included in this review. Results- Thirteen studies were included in the review conducted on sub-acute and chronic stage. All studies investigated the affection of pelvic mal-alignment, balance and gait in combination of two variables except 3 studies which investigated the combined effect of pelvic inclination on both balance and gait. The abnormal pelvic tilt results in lateral displacement of the pelvis on affected side, altered Base of Support, reduced balance control, asymmetry in weight bearing leading to altered gait. Conclusion- Pelvic tilt, anterior and lateral has a significant impact on static balance, gait variables, weight bearing symmetry
Artificial Intelligence in Pharma
Get PDFThis paper aims to provide a better understanding of the possible applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of Pharmacy. Artificial intelligence basically involves complex information processing. It enables machines to carry out certain functions which were originally done by human and which required human intellect. Over the past few years, the use of artificial intelligence in the pharma has grown unimaginably and is now able to revolutionize the way drugs are discovered and handled. AI is capable of impacting the field of pharmacy at multiple levels. Pharmacy and medical education, drug development, personalization of drug therapy, drug safety, rational drug use, manufacture and formulation of dosage forms are areas of impact by AI. The fact that AI can displace humans at their own tasks is a matter of concern. Although there are ethical concerns regarding the implementation of AI in healthcare, it can be assured that no machine or system can replace many of the humanitarian duties
Ocimum Species: Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Importance
Get PDFPlant species belonging to the Ocimum genus are among the most popular medicinal plants and are being used for several purposes in ethnomedicine. Ocimum is universally cultivated however; the geographical distribution highlights three major centers of Ocimum diversity, these are: the tropical areas of America, the tropical region of Asia and the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa. Ocimum species have been employed traditionally for several medicinal purposes including antioxidant, antibacterial, hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective, antiviral and other medicinal purposes. Though scientists have carried-out studies and chronicled the pharmacological potentials of Ocimum species, documents containing these data seem to be disassembled, making it difficult to really distinguish the pharmacologically useful species from those that are not and also to get comprehensive information about the medicinal species in this genus. Hence, the aim of this review is to outline classified information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacological importance of some Ocimum species that have been reported by different researchers. In carrying-out this review, the search for literature was done via relevant databases including PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, SciFinder, Google Scholar and Scopus. The species reviewed are the most widely used from the Ocimum genus in traditional medicine and they are also the most researched for intended use in conventional therapeutic practice. Literature reveals that these species contain several compounds which are responsible for the numerous pharmacological activities elicited by them including antimalarial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects
HYPOMAGNESAEMIA AND HYPOCALCAEMIA THE MAJOR MISSED OUT CLINICAL CONDITION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES
Get PDFMagnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) is one of the essential factors for the insulin to get released from the pancreatic cell. To evaluate the relation of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia in the glycaemic control and to analyse the importance of both Mg and Ca in the insulin secretion mechanism. The study was conducted in the laboratory department, Billroth hospitals. A total of 239 individuals were selected for this study, HbA1c level, serum magnesium and calcium were assessed for all the individuals and in addition to this serum electrolytes were also checked. Out of 239 individuals, 79 were found out as uncontrolled diabetic by calculating HbA1c as a gold standard, males are higher in ratio compared to female. By studying serum magnesium and calcium level, hypocalcaemia is present in more individuals and females (31%) are much prone to both than males (20%). The different correlation was also analysed for hypomagnesemia and hypocalcaemia. The electrolytes like sodium (Na) and potassium (K) was analysed, females are highly affected by electrolyte imbalance but in hypomagnesemia diabetic individuals the males are high in electrolyte imbalance. Since Mg and Ca plays a vital role in insulin synthesis, secretion, repair, and the alteration, along with the hypoglycaemic agents the supplementation of magnesium or calcium could be suggested via, dietary or drug supplements. In addition to this, regular monitoring of electrolytes is essential to maintain fluid balance
Comparison of electromyographic activity of quadriceps muscle in persons with unilateral traumatic transtibial amputation using patellar tendon bearing supracondylar endoskeletal prosthesis with the unaffected limb in weight bearing positions.
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Purpose: comparison of electromyographic activity of quadriceps muscle in persons with unilateral traumatic transtibial amputation using patellar tendon bearing supracondylar endoskeletal prosthesis with the unaffected limb in weight bearing positions.
Method: 30 individuals aged 18-60 years were assessed using surface electromyography with functional level K3 according to K-level functional assessment scale to compare the activity of quadriceps of affected side using patellar tendon bearing supracondylar endoskeletal prosthesis with the unaffected side. The data was analysed using paired t-test.
Result: There was a significant difference in the activity of VMO and VLO muscles of the quadriceps in high sitting positions. There was also a significant difference in the activity of VMO muscle in single limb stance and bipedal stance. However, there was no significant difference between the activity of VLO muscle in bipedal stance but there was reduced activity of VLO muscle in the prosthetic limb in single limb stance.
Conclusion: The quadriceps activity was reduced in the affected limb in high sitting position, single limb stance and bipedal stance. However, no difference in the muscle activity was noted in VLO muscle in bipedal stance.
Keywords: trans tibial amputation, patellar tendon bearing supracondylar prosthetis, surface electromyography. 
Evalution of normal CSF velocities at the level of aqueduct amongst Indian rural adults using 1.5 Tesla MRI
Get PDFRapid advances in imaging techniques have remarkably improved the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) being the most recent. New MRI applications are continually being developed, providing improved assessment of CNS disorders and their response to treatment, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) movement, the alteration of which results in many clinical disorders with hydrocephalus (including normal pressure hydrocephalus), cystic CSF collections, and Chiari malformations being more common. CSF flow MRI can be used to discriminate between several disorders and provide information in the pre and postoperative evaluation of clinical disorders and surgical intervention. The aim of the study is to calculate and evaluate CSF flow velocities at the level of the aqueduct. MRI brain with CSF flow study was done in 40 patients. These patients were in the age group of 20-60 years and came with no significant clinical complaints. Phase contrast MRI scanning was used following the CSF quantitative flow protocol. A transverse single slice quantitative flow measurement was used to calculate the mean CSF flow velocity. Calculation of the CSF flow at the level of the cerebral aqueduct provides the best quantification of the CSF volume. It concluded that the normal range of the values of the CSF in normal individuals comes out to be 0.05 ±0.12 cm/sec
Free-flap reconstitutions of head and neck defects after oncologic ablation
Get PDFBackground: Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. The primary treatment modality for most head and neck cancers is surgery with reconstruction of resultant defects. Reconstruction of these defects is a unique challenge as it has to not only restore integrity but also function and often cosmesis. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of free flaps in the reconstruction of these defects, done in a tertiary care centre in a three-tier city in India. Methodology: We analyzed the computerized medical records of the last 3 years in this retrospective study carried out in the department of head and neck oncology at the cancer centre. The study included cases that had undergone surgery for head and neck cancer and underwent free flap reconstruction. Results: Out of the 1061 cases requiring reconstruction after an oncologic ablation, 201 cases underwent free flap reconstruction. For defects requiring Facio cutaneous reconstruction, the radial forearm was the preferred donor free flap site, while the fibula was the preferred donor site for mandibular reconstructions survival rate was 94.5%, with factors like age and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension or habits like cigarette smoking or tobacco chewing not affecting survival rates. Twenty cases of minor flap complications were observed. Conclusions: Free flap reconstructions for head and neck defects after oncologic ablation have been a boon with good survival rates and immense flexibility of use, giving good cosmetic and functional outcomes. Our study shows that a significant number of free flap reconstructions can be done in a tertiary care centre in a three-tier city in India with an internationally comparable survival rate
Body composition in coronary artery disease in KONKAN region of India-Is non- obesity an indicator of Coronary Artery Disease?
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India is witnessing a rising prevalence of non communicable diseases like diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease. This is attributed to rapid nutrition and lifestyle transition taking place since last 2 decades. Obesity is a well known independent risk factor but very little information is available about role of leanness (low BMI). We investigated whether non-obesity could be an independent risk factor for Coronary artery disease in a rural clinic in KONKAN.
Methods
In a cross sectional study we studied body composition of 300 patients (207 men) who underwent Coronary angiography in a rural hospital in KONKAN region. History of diabetes, hypertension and history smoking, tobacco chewing was recorded. Body composition was estimated using bio-impedance analyser. Based on results of coronary angiography, we generated a SYNTAX score derived by number of vessels involved and classified them into groups of severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Results
There were 95 (31 %) diabetes and 189 (63%) hypertensive patients in the sample and 60% of them smoked or chewed tobacco. There were 43 (28 males) patients with SYNTAX score of zero. Among those with coronary artery disease (n=257) increasing severity of CAD was associated with lower body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and body fat mass and ejection fraction as against positive trend for lean mass and visceral fat.
Conclusion
BMI, fat mass decreased with severity of CAD while lean mass and visceral fat increased. We observed high proportion of CAD in underweight and lean KONKAN adults. These findings need further investigations