Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Ovarian cysts trends at tertiary care hospital of Western Maharashtra: Retrospective analysis
Get PDFBackground: Ovary is an essential organ of the female body concerned with the production of progeny. If a neoplastic change occurs in the ovaries, then a variety of tumors can develop. An ovarian cyst is a common gynecological problem. The main complications which can arise include torsion, infarction, rupture, and hemorrhage. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective study of 108 cases of ovarian pathology encountered over the period of 18 months. All the specimens sent for the histology, multiple sections were taken from each case, and routine Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was done. The diagnosis was based on the WHO classification, and results were tabulated. Results: Out of total ovarian lesions, nonneoplastic lesions were 73(60.33%), and neoplastic lesions were 48(39.66%). The most common nonneoplastic histopathological lesion seen was a follicular cyst (57.53%), and surface epithelial tumors (83.33%) were the most common neoplastic lesion noted in the present study. The mucinous cystadenoma was the largest tumor encountered. The common chief complaint was abdominal pain (41.49%), followed by incidental findings (20.40%). Conclusion: The goal of histopathological diagnosis is to identify the type of the ovarian lesion, the risk of malignancy and assessment of timing and necessity of further interventions like chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Evidence supporting the use of Combretum nigricans as an antimalarial agent in ethnomedicine
Get PDFBackground: Combretum nigricans (Combretaceae) is a small, smooth bark tree used in traditional medicine for the treatment of prurigo, dysentery, fever and other symptoms of acute malaria in North-Central Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The antimalarial activity of C nigricans hydro-methanol crude leaf extract was evaluated against Plasmodium berghei in mice. The Peters’ 4-day suppressive test against early malaria infection and Rane’s curative test against established malaria were employed in assessing the antimalarial activity of the crude extract. In each test model, five groups containing five mice each were used. Group 1 mice were administered with 10 ml distilled water/kg b.w. p.o., groups 2 - 4 were administered with 200, 400, and 800 mg extract/kg b.w. p.o. respectively, while group 5 mice were administered with artesunate 10 mg/kg b.w. p.o. Result: All doses of C. nigricans extract employed for the study (200 – 800 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) gave significant (P<0.05) chemosuppressive effect against P. berghei, this effect was observed to be dose-related; while the 400 mg/kg extract dose gave the highest curative effect. Compared to control, the extract also prolonged the mean survival time at all doses, and as well prevented the characteristic decrease in body temperature elicited by P. berghei in mice. The LD50 of the extract was >5000 mg/kg b.w. p.o. in mice. Conclusion: The result from the study indicates that C. nigicans crude leaf extract is safe orally and possesses significant antimalarial activity
Myoinositol with Metformin and Myoinositol alone in infertile PCOS women undergoing ovulation induction cycles: A comparative study
Get PDFBackground: This was a prospective observational study conducted over a twelve-month duration in our institute to compare the combined effect of metformin and myoinositol with metformin alone. Method: A total of sixty patients were included in the study, and they were divided into two groups depending on whether they were given the combination or the single drug. Group A (n=30) was given Myoinositol 600 mg+Metformin 500 mg thrice a day, and Group B ( n=30) was given only Myoinositol 600 mg thrice a day. The outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate and improvement in clinical and hormonal parameters after drug therapy. Results: BMI (p<0.01), modified Ferriman Gallaway score (p>0.05), and the was a significant improvement in the hormonal parameters (LH,FSH) in both the groups and the levels were found to be comparable after a period of 6 months. The clinical pregnancy rate after six cycles of ovulation was significantly higher in Group A as compared to Group B. In Group A, the total clinical pregnancy rate was 43.33%, and in Group B, it was 26.67%, respectively, and the end of 6 months and the difference was statistically significant (p = <0.01) Conclusion: Equal response in reduction of hormonal levels and clinical and laboratory parameters were seen in both groups, while better results in terms of clinical fertility rates were observed in the group that was given a combination of myoinositol with metformin
Pattern of Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra
Get PDFBackground: Every year, 3 million cases of pesticide, mainly O.P. poisoning, occurs all over the world. Therefore, statistics regarding O.P. poisoning in a specific region will aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of cases. The main objective of this research project is to find out the pattern of O.P. poisoning cases at the tertiary care center. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, in which we analyzed data from 40 cases of O.P. poisoning, including patient information regarding gender, age, time of ingestion, type of poison, mode of poisoning, any first aid received, treatment given, duration of hospital stay and outcome of the treatment. Results: There were 16 females (40%) and 24 males (60%). The most common age group was 21 to 40 years, with 19 participants (47.50%). The majority of the participants were from the rural area, 38 cases (95%), while in 36 cases, the poisoning was suicidal (90%). 28 participants (70%) received some form of first aid. In addition, 21 of the participants received Atropine (52.50%), 13 received only gastric lavage (32.50%), 5 received both Atropine and Pralidoxime (12.50%), while one patient only received Pralidoxime (2.5%) as treatment. I.C.U. admission was required in 39 participants (97.50%), and ventilatory support was required in 2 participants (5%). Our study observed 4 deaths (10%) amongst our participants. The multivariate analysis of deaths in our study showed that specifically not receiving any first aid (p = 0.039) and requirement of the ventilator (p<0.001) were seen to have a significant association with deaths in our study. Conclusion: O.P. poisoning is the commonest cause of suicidal deaths in developing countries. Creating awareness regarding O.P. poisoning and legislative action on using hazardous poisons will help reduce the deaths
Effect of sildenafil citrate on prediabetic and diabetic albino rats treated with metformin
Get PDFDiabetes Miletus (DM) is a global epidemic disease. It is estimated that there are already 415 million adults aged 20–79 years diabetics worldwide. Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and metformin (MET) is a biguanide used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes which increases peripheral insulin sensitivity.
Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of sildenafil citrate and metformin on lipid profile and glycemic control in diabetic and prediabetic albino rats.
Materials and methods: Adult male albino rats are used and divided into nine groups each group consists of 10 rats, diabetes is induced by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) for an initial period of 2 weeks followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of (35 mg/kg) Streptozotocin. Prediabetes is induced by feeding (HFD) and glucose in water for a period of 2 weeks. Sildenafil was given in a dose of (5 &10 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks), metformin was given in a dose of (50 &100 mg/kg/day orally for 4 weeks) using oral gavages to normal healthy rats, diabetic and prediabetic rats. Blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment in all experimental groups.
Results: Combined administration of sildenafil and metformin on diabetic rats improving hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia induced by streptozotocin than the administration of metformin or sildenafil alone.
Conclusion: Sildenafil has beneficial effects against some diabetic complications. The present study showed that sildenafil with metformin has beneficial effects against diabetic complications
Homocysteine a non-conventional risk factor for vasculopathic patients
Get PDFResearch is underway and many other factors are being identified, including homocysteine (Hcy). Since 1990, there has been an exponential increase in the number of publications on Hcy and coronary artery disease, suggesting elevated plasma Hcy as an independent risk factor. As a result, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of a new risk factor (homocysteine) in the general population (both young and old), as well as any differences in prevalence rates (if any) between young (less than 45 years of age) and elderly (more than 45 years of age) patients with vasculopathy. This was a case control study done in the cardiology unit of Bharti Hospital, Pune. All the patients diagnosed as cases of vasculopathies, especially IHD/Stroke/DVT (n =75) were enrolled as cases for the study, and healthy volunteers of the same age and gender matched (n =75) were enrolled as controls and subjected to the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. All cases and controls were assessed for their homocysteine level on day 0 of admission by using the MEIA/FPIA Technique on IMX, Abbott, USA. The mean homocysteine level was 23.2499 (12.2739) in cases vs. 13.24 (3.0912) in controls, with a statistically significant ‘p’ value by unpaired ‘t’ and Mann-Whitney statistics. Elevated Hcy levels above 15 mol/l were detected in 70% of cases and 22% of controls, respectively. On comparing homocysteine to individual vasculopathy, it was found that homocysteine was a more significant risk factor in IHD > stroke >DVT
Detection of Candida albicans in the screening of cervical cancer in rural population of Lucknow: Detection of Candida albicans in the screening of cervical cancer
No full textBackground
Study of Candidal infection is very essential in rural women who being illiterate and financially weak are not aware of personal genital hygiene and thus harbour persistent vaginal infections due to poor availability of medical amenities.
Method
Rural cervical cancer screening is in progress in the western region of Lucknow, India since May 2013 through camp approach and till date, a total of 2949 women have been cytologically examined. Candidal infection has been observed in the 143 cervical smears of women and findings have been analyzed in relation to the different predisposing factor of cervical carcinogenesis.
Result
The incidence of Candida albicans seen in cervical smears of the total 2949 women examined was found to be 4.8% which is much higher than in their urban counterparts (1.2%). The Candida was seen more in the inflammatory smears (9.4%) and those showing squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL). – (8.2%). The fungus was found more prevalent in the reproductive age group and women complaining of vaginal discharge and was result of persistent vaginal infections in the rural women which should be treated. The Candida was commonly seen in erosion cervix cases but its incidence was high in women with cervicitis and cervix bleeds on touch.
Conclusions
This persistent vaginal infections were seen in the illiterate and poor rural women who are not aware of personal genital hygiene. There is a need to create awareness for personal genital hygiene through health workers for making any cancer screening program meaningful and successful
A cross-sectional study about socio-demographic factors and clinical characteristics of male patients with alcohol dependence syndrome
Get PDFBackground: Alcohol abuse is one of the major causes of death and disability globally; and a key risk factor for health, social, and economic problems in the communities. Consumption of alcohol by Indians has increased drastically due to various factors and in an unrestricted manner; and the age of initiation of drinking is progressively coming down. Objective: To determine the socio-demographic and clinical profile of the patients coming for treatment of alcohol dependence syndrome in the psychiatry department. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 male outpatients of alcohol dependence syndrome attending the department of psychiatry at a tertiary care hospital. Sociodemographic data and clinical details were recorded with the help of a pre-designed questionnaire. Results: Nuclear family, family history of alcoholism, unmarried status, higher educational level, unemployment, and peer pressure are the factors significantly associated with early age at first drink and age of dependence on alcohol (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents having a family history of alcoholism are a high-risk group for developing alcohol dependence and should be targeted for intervention strategies. Community based-longitudinal studies are needed to understand multiple factors influencing alcohol use and recommend targeted preventive measures.
Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol dependence syndrome, Peer pressure, Intoxication, Socio-demographic factor
Anatomical Variations of Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery – A Cadaveric Study
Get PDFIntroduction: The Profunda femoris artery is a large branch that arises from the lateral or posterolateral part of the femoral artery, about 3 to 5cm below the inguinal ligament. Profunda femoris artery [1,2,4] gives Medial circumflex femoral artery, Lateral circumflex femoral artery, and Perforating arteries and muscular branches. Medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) originates from the posteromedial aspect of the Profunda but may originate from the femoral artery. It gives three branches ascending and transverse, acetabular branches. Aim & Objectives: To study the anatomical variations in source of origin, site of origin of MCFA. Methods: The present observational study was conducted on the dissection of 70 lower limbs of 35 adult cadavers (27 male & 8 female). Contents of the femoral triangle were dissected as per Cunningham’s manual. The source of origin distance of the origin of MCFA was noted. Collected data were analyzed statistically. Results: In the present study, MCFA from the P.F.A. in 85.71% (60/70) in both Right and Left lower limbs. The common source of Right MCFA from the Femoral Artery followed by a common stem with P.F.A. The following common source of Lt MCFA as a common stem with P.F.A. Distance of origin of MCFA from the P.F.A. was seen between 1-2cm in 34.29% of Right and 28.5% of Left Limbs in the present study. Conclusions: In most limbs (60/70 limbs), the MCFA was taking origin from P.F.A. in both Right & Left limbs (85.72%). Distance of origin of MCFA from the P.F.A. was seen between 1-2cm in 34.29% of Right and 28.5% of Left Limbs in the present study
Evaluation of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field in the management of osteoarthritis using Electromyography – An Interventional study
Get PDFKnee pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal problems among the middle-aged and elderly people and ‘Osteoarthritis’ is the widespread clinical pathology of the knee. Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate whether low frequency Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) therapy is effective in patients with osteoarthritis knee using surface Electromyography (sEMG) of vastus medialis. Methods: The participants were subjected to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy using the PULSATRON instrument designed by Madras Institute of Magnetobiology, Anna nagar. They were given PEMF therapy of 10 Hz for 60 minutes/ day for 21 days with a break after every 6 days. The participants of the study were subjected to Electromyography of vastus medialis using the MEDICAID PHYSIOPAC machine. The findings are compared before and after the duration of PEMF therapy. Results: The study shows that Low frequency PEMF (10 Hz) can be used as a treatment modality for Osteoarthritis. PEMF therapy, when given for a sufficient time (21 days) can improve the stiffness and the power of muscles as seen by the increase in amplitude of electromyography. The mean amplitude of sEMG in vastus medialis was found to be significantly increased (p <0.001) in the study group following the Pulsed Electro Magnetic Field (PEMF) therapy