Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Reproductive Health of Women: Implications and attributes
Full text linkComplete access to sexual and reproductive health is a fundamental human right. Women and girls all across the world, particularly those living in poverty, have little or no access to reproductive health and rights information and services. Discrimination, shame, restrictive laws and regulations, and long-held traditions are just a few of the barriers to sexual and reproductive health that exist. Despite evidence that these rights may affect not only individual women but also families, communities, and national economies, progress has been slow. Women\u27s lifestyles have evolved throughout history. In the past, most women\u27s lives were challenging. Many ladies were having unintended pregnancies. Childbirth used to be dangerous, and it often resulted in the mother\u27s death. Because they didn\u27t live long enough, most women didn\u27t have to deal with menopause or old age in the past. Reproductive health is an important aspect of a person\u27s entire development and well-being. It could be the result of a positive upbringing, which is critical during adolescence and sets the tone for excellent health throughout adulthood and beyond reproductive years for both men and women. A woman\u27s reproductive life span does not begin at puberty and end at menopause, and a man\u27s reproductive life span does not stop when he is no longer likely to bear children. It is present and vital at all stages of a person\u27s development and maturation. Reproductive health needs may vary depending on one\u27s age and stage of life. However, there is a long term effect over the course of one\u27s life, and each stage has significant ramifications for one\u27s future well-being
Antepartum haemorrhage with respect to maternal and neonatal outcome
Full text linkBackground: Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is defined as bleeding from or in the genital tract, occurring from 28 weeks of pregnancy and prior to the birth of the baby. Aim of Study to study the fetomaternal outcome in patients with APH.
Methods: the present study was a prospective observational study undertaken in obstetrics and gynaecology department of Dr. Vikhe Patil Hospital, Ahmednagar during a period of 1 year from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021 in 65 cases of Antepartum Hemorrhage. Only patients with APH more than 28 weeks gestational age and willing to participate in study were included.
Results: In the present study incidence of APH was 3.9%. 61% of the APH cases were placenta previa while 39% cases were of accidental haemorrhage. Majority of cases of placenta previa were of type 2 in this study. Out of the total accidental haemorrhage cases, 48% were revealed type and 48% were of mixed type in this study. With 4% being concealed type.
Conclusions: Higher rates of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and stay were seen with these complications. The study shows more respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia and jaundice in babies as outcome of APH .
Keywords: Antepartum hemorrhage, Fetomaternal outcome, placenta previa, abruptio placenta
Specificity and Personalized medicine: a novel approach to Cancer management
Full text linkWith the advent of precision and personalized medicine (PPM), medical care may now be adapted to each patient\u27s unique needs. Among the top causes of death in India is cancer. Maximum chemotherapeutic treatments are utilized for cancer patients, despite the lack of long-term effectiveness and significant side effects from these agents. To improve therapeutic success, a new tool called PPM was developed. Insights into pharmacogenomics have aided in the development of and the possibility for individualized cancer treatment. In modern PPM, genetic or other information on a particular patient is used systematically to select or optimize preventative and therapeutic therapy for that patient. Knowledge of a patient\u27s protein, genetic, and metabolic profile can help doctors give them the best possible care. The development of companion diagnostics, in which molecular assays measuring levels of proteins, genes, or specific mutations are used to stratify disease status, pick the appropriate drug, and tune dosages there, is a central feature of this medical strategy. As a result, recent breakthroughs in oncology have piqued interest in the field as a whole, prompting calls for greater emphasis on the role of the oncology department or health care system in the quest for greater accuracy and individualization. In this article, we will examine the state of the art and discuss potential future developments that could help expedite the creation of PPM medicines for the treatment of cancer that has become resistant to standard therapies in individual patients. The focus will be on the phenotypic (activity-based) rather than the genotypic (mechanism-based) approach to PPM development, and how it can benefit cancer patients. The path to precise and individualized treatment has been opened by the article\u27s perspective, in which focus is placed on the specific modifications of the tumor
Alteration of Coagulation Profiles in Hypothyroid Patients
Full text linkBackground:
Hypothyroidism is an underactive thyroid gland that results in too little thyroid hormones in circulation causing a slowdown in metabolism, therefor hypothyroid modifies physiological process of primary and secondary hemostasis and may lead to a higher bleeding risk.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the coagulation profiles [Prothrombin Time (PT), International Normalize Ratio (INR), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)] in patients with hypothyroidism.
Methodology: This is a case-control hospital-based study carried out at the National Cancer Institute – University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Wad Medani, Sudan from January to October 2020. A total of 100 (50 patients with hypothyroidism as cases (38.50 ± 10.46 years) matched with 50 normal healthy individuals as controls (35.52 ± 11.64 years) participated in this study. Two ml of venous blood sample was collected in a trisodium citrate container. Coagulation profiles (PT, INR, and PTT) were measured using a Coatron M4 coagulometer. SPSS computer program (v 21.0) was used for data analysis.
Results: The prolonged PTT account for 74%. The average PTT of cases (42.29 ± 7.22 sec) was higher than controls (32.67 ± 5.90 sec) giving highly statistically significant differences (P value = 0.000) between them. There were significant differences in PTT between mild and severe hypothyroidism (P value = 0.0470). PTT had significant positive correlation within TSH (P value = 0.048; r = 0.070) and significant negative correlation within T3 (P value = 0.000; r = - 0.490) and T4 (P value = 0.020; r = - 520; P value = 000).
Conclusion: The study concluded that PTT was significantly higher in a patient with hypothyroidism when compared to the control. PTT results showed there was a significant negative correlation between T3 and T4 levels and a significant positive correlation with TSH levels. So, PTT should be included as a follow-up routine test for patients with hypothyroidism.
Keywords: Prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio, Partial Thromboplastin Time, Hypothyroidism, Sudan
Cervical cytology screening in young rural girls between the age of 16-20 years
Full text linkAbstract
Background
Since the marriages are performed at an early age in the villages of rural India, the young girls are exposed to the early sexual exposure and subsequent prolonged sexual activity. These factors are instrumental in the development of precancerous lesions of cervix in the young girls.
Method
Rural cervical cancer screening program is in progress in the villages of western Lucknow. Since May 2013 and till date, a total of 189 camps has been organized and cytology done in 2980 women. The 118 of 2980 were in the group of 16-20 year and cytological findings obtained in them have been analyzed in relation to different risk factors of cervix.
Result
The incidence of squamous intraepithelial lesions of cervix (SIL) was found to be 15.2% (18 cases) in the 118 girls of the study group. The SIL was seen in the 50% of the 2 girls examined at 16 and 17 years but was low in the girls between 18 to 20 years. The SIL rate was maximum with nulliparous (19.3%), pain in lower abdomen (26.3%) and hypertrophied cervix (100%).
Majority of the young girls were nulliparous (infertile) while pain in lower abdomen was the most common symptom and hypertrophied cervix the only clinical lesion encountered in these 118 women.
Conclusions
The young girls in the rural population are at high risk of developing SIL as they are married at adolescent age and are subjected to early sexual exposure and subsequent prolonged sexual activity. The villagers should be taught about the ill effect of early marriage in the development of cervical cancer and should be counseled to avoid child marriage.
Key words
Adolescent girls, Cervical cancer in rural women, SIL, Nulliparous, Pain in lower abdomen
Silk proteins and its biomedical and dental application: A Review: Silk proteins in medical and dental field
Full text linkSilk is a group of fibrous proteins that have been used for centuries in the textile industry and as surgical sutures. Silk, in addition to its unique mechanical properties, silk possesses other properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, anti-bacterial properties, thermal stability, controlled degradation features, and ease of sterilization, ability to self-assemble make it a promising material for biomedical applications. Although silk forms only fibers in nature, synthetic techniques can be used to control the processing of silk into different morphologies, such as scaffolds, films, hydrogels, microcapsules, and micro- and nanospheres. Moreover, the biotechnological production of silk proteins broadens the potential applications of silk. With this background, this review describes silk proteins, their properties, synthesis, and uses.
Keywords: Silk, Silk proteins, Sericin, Fibroin, Denta
Sleep disorders, Diagnosis, treatment and A Dentist’s role in early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders: A Review: sleep disorders and Dentists role
Full text linkObjective/Background: Sleep disorders are interdisciplinary and involve a number of specialties such as respiratory medicine, neurology, psychiatry, otolaryngology, and Dentistry. 87.5% of the patients with loud snoring suffer from sleep-disordered breathing, of which 72% complain of excessive daytime sleepiness. Controversial evidence exists on the association of sleep disorders as a primary or secondary risk factor for many common systemic conditions. Yet, sleep medicine is not given emphasis in medical school education. In addition, dentists now participate in the recognition and treatment of sleep disorders, Dentist’s role and involvement in the treatment and management of a sleep-disordered patient may be indirect or direct. Hence, this review explains sleep disorders, diagnosis and treatment, and the role of dentists in early diagnosis and treatment.
The Story of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Challenging Disorder with Numerous Consequences for Females of Reproductive Age
No full textAs the name implies, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a chronic hormonal disorder that mostly affects women of childbearing age. However, symptoms suggestive of androgen overproduction and ovarian dysfunction have been identified. It\u27s a huge public health issue. Women with PCOS are more likely to have co-occurring diseases, as well as various other long-term metabolic and health issues. Prevalence has risen steadily during the last decade, and it\u27s expected to continue rising. Many health care providers and individuals might avoid it if they shared more information. Everything from the initial diagnosis to pathogenesis to effects and treatment options is still up for debate. The study\u27s purpose is to provide a detailed analysis of current and upcoming diagnostic tools, as well as speculate on future strategies. We searched the Cochrane database for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as the most recent international recommendations, to get a fresh look at PCOS
Evaluation of Mandibular Third Molars Impaction Related to Inferior Alveolar Nerve by Using Panoramic Radiography in Zliten City, Libya: A retrospective study
Full text linkAbstract
Objectives:
This study investigates the relationship between impacted third molars and inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) by using panoramic x-ray.
Material and Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at Assalam Dental Center in Zliten, Libya. We selected panoramic radiographic images of 65 patients (31 Female and 34 Male) between ages (17and 84 years) with 73 impacted mandibular third molars from the database of Assalam Dental Center that requires surgical extraction of their wisdom teeth.
Results:
Thirty-eight lower third molars out of the 73 impacted teeth were at high risk of damage to the inferior alveolar nerve with 52%, 11 impacted teeth with low risk to the inferior alveolar nerve, and 24 impacted teeth with no risk.
Conclusion:
This digital radiographic study shows the importance of the preoperative radiographic in planning before the extraction of the lower third molars to avoid the risk of nerve damage
Evaluation of Phenotypic Variations in the Antibiotics Sensitivity of Escherichia Coli by Repeated Exposure
Full text linkEnterobacteriaceae, in particular Escherichia coli, are habitual residents of the gastrointestinal tract, capable of causing a large number of infections. The MIC varies according to the bacterial strains and the antibiotics used, hence the need to carry out antibiotic sensitivity tests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of Escherichia coli after repeated exposure to the same antibiotic to demonstrate a possible correlation between excessive intake of antibiotics and bacterial resistance.
A prospective and descriptive study was carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology of Fundamental and Applied Biochemistry (Faculty of Sciences Antananarivo) during the month of November 2019. The strains studied were the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 provided by the Laboratory and two clinical strains from the Microbiology Laboratory of the Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Center (CHU JRA) Antananarivo. Repeated exposure to Tobramycin and Ofloxacin of these strains were performed.
The results of our study showed that most E. coli is exposed to the antibiotic, the more it develops resistance. The evolution of E. coli\u27s sensitivity is different in the presence of Tobramycin with MICs up to 4 times the starting value while in the presence of Ofloxacin, the MIC increases to 125 times the initial value. This difference may be due to the different target of the antibiotic which causes the bacteria to develop variable mechanisms to escape it.
Key words: E. coli - MIC - antibiotics - repeated exposur