Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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STUDY OF THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY MEASUREMENT OF DIAMETER OF ABDOMINAL AORTA IN NEPALESE
Get PDFBackground: The diameter of abdominal aorta (DAA) has its own importance in human body in diagnosing several abdominal aortic diseases. Its size is the diagnostic parameter for the abdominal aortic aneurysm which is the localized dilation of the abdominal aorta. Methods: The DAA of Nepalese was measured according to age and sex at three different levels, just superior to the celiac axis, at renal pedicle level and just superior to bifurcation by using Computerized Tomography (CT) scan. Also the DAA of the normal people was compared to those having hypertension, alcohol consumption and smoking habit. Study Sample: Altogether, 125 patients were included who came to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgung, Kathmandu, Nepal for abdominal CT scan. Among them 100 are normal population and 25 are the victim of hypertension, alcohol consumption and smoking habit. Results: The findings revealed that the DAA in most of the observed patients is less than the aneurysm limit i.e. smaller than 30mm except in one male patientof age 72 years. Conclusion: It is concluded that the diameter of abdominal aorta increases with ages and is pronounced more in Nepalese male population than in female. It is also higher in patients of both sexes having hypertension and smoking habit.
KEYWORDS: Bifurcation; Celiac axis; CT scan, DAA; Renal pedicle level
SERUM FERRITIN AND HbA1c LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Get PDFIntroduction: Complications due to diabetes are a major cause of disability, reduced quality of life and death. Recent studies have emphasized the role of serum ferritin in insulin resistance and the incidence of diabetes mellitus. However, the role of ferritin as a marker of iron overload in pancreatic damage and peripheral insulin resistance or its role as an inflammatory marker is not clear. The aim of this study is to establish a correlation between serum ferritin, FBS and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the role of serum ferritin on the glycemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a cross- sectional study of 100 cases, visiting medical outpatient department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Diabetic patients were compared with age and sex matched normal healthy controls. Effect of serum ferritin on glycemic status, gender and age was noted. Results: Statistically significant increase of FPG, HbA1C and serum ferritin levels were observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus group than controls in both females and males while there was no statistically significant difference of hemoglobin between diabetic group and controls in females and males. There was a high (r= 0.62, r= 0.66) positive correlation between SF and HbA1c of females and males respectively in diabetic group P-value=< 0.01. Conclusion: Higher positive correlation of serum ferritin with HbA1c shows that hyperglycemia affects ferritin levels possibly due to inflammation or oxidative stress or a combination of the two.
KEYWORDS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Glycosylated haemoglobin; Ferritin
ASSESSMENT OF ATTITUDE AND APPROACH ADOPTED FOR STUDYING BIOCHEMISTRY AMONGST FIRST YEAR MBBS STUDENTS
Get PDFBackground: The subject of biochemistry is taught in the first year of MBBS course. It is a subject required as an aid to understand the health and disease status of the patients in clinical studies and during medical practice. Considering the immense importance of the biochemistry subject in the future of the medical students, a feedback from the 1st MBBS students dealing with the subject would be directional. Hence the present study was undertaken at PIMS-DU with second semester of first year MBBS students as participants. Aims and Objectives: 1) To assess the attitude and approach of first year MBBS students towards the subject of biochemistry 2) Ascertain whether the medical students were informed adequately at the beginning of the course. Materials and Method: The participants of the study were first year MBBS students who are in the last month of their second semester. The questionnaire was administered amongst the students present on the particular day of study. The written responses to a 21-points questionnaire were analyzed on a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet and descriptive analysis was done. Results: Majority of the first year MBBS students belonged to urban and semi-urban areas. metabolism was considered as the most difficult topic. The medical students had sufficient knowledge regarding the subject of Biochemistry. Their attitude and approach was analyzed towards the subject considering the minute details. Conclusions:The attitude and approach of the students of first year MBBS towards biochemistry was found to be commendable. However there is scope for further improvisation.
KEYWORDS: Biochemistry; Attitude; Approach, Medical student
HEART- HEALTHY NATURAL INGREDIENTS FOR CHOLESTEROL REDUCTION
Get PDFNow-a-days people are shifting towards western lifestyle and food which is increasing the level of cholesterol and hence increase in risk of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular disease is causing premature death at the highest rate than any other disease. In market various cholesterol reducing drugs are present which people are consuming. Intake of these drugs causes various life threatening side effects. People can switch to natural sources of reducing cholesterol level which will be healthy as well as safe. Plant sterol, plant stanol and plant stanol ester are safe as they are from a plant source and is proven to lower cholesterol level. Foods enriched in these components should be consumed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. There are several cholesterol reducing ingredients which is still not known among the mass. Dietary fibers, all type of nuts, garlic, apple, soy products, green tea are some of the many natural cholesterol reducing ingredients which is discussed in this review. Various studies have been conducted to show that these ingredients do reduce the cholesterol level in a noticeable way. FDA has also approved various health claims regarding these ingredients.
KEYWORDS: Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Plant sterols; Natural cholesterol reducing ingredients
DESIGNER HERBAL FOODS-NEW HOPE TO IMPROVE HUMAN HEALTH
Get PDFDesigner foods are conventional foods which have been fortified with ingredients which fight against deadly diseases. Now-a-days people eating habit and lifestyle is changing, they are consuming junk food which is increasing the chance of various diseases. Herbs are been used since time immemorial as medicines. Herbs have active ingredients which have the property to fight against diseases. In pharmaceutical companies they only add the active ingredient in the drug but in designer foods whole herb extract is added which gives added benefit. Designer food containing the whole herb will be more beneficial than drug containing only the active ingredient. Market available drugs have various side effects but these designer herbal foods will not cause any side effects. Though these designer herbal food will take time to cure the disease. Herbs like Tulsi, Amla, Ashwagandha, Aloe vera & Shankhpushpi has been discussed in this review article, there health benefits and food products in which they can be fortified.
KEYWORDS: Designer foods; Fortification; Herbs; Health benefits
THE COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF BEER AND PALM WINE ON LOCOMOTOR BEHAVIOUR IN SWISS WHITE MICE
Get PDFBeer and palm wine are two alcoholic beverages that play an important role in local ceremonies and other social life of Nigerians especially in the southern part of the country. The long term effect of beer and palm wine on locomotor behavior and anxiety is not yet known. Following chronic consumption (4 weeks feeding) of beer and palm wine, patterns of locomotor behavior and exploration was studied in 25 Swiss white mice weighing between (15-30 g), using the open field maze. The control group mice (n=5) were fed normal rodent chow, the palm wine treated groups were fed by gavage 2ml (n=5) and 4ml (n=5) of fresh palm wine while the star beer-treated group were fed by gavage 2ml (n=5) and 4ml (n=5) of star beer. Clean drinking water and normal rodent chow were access freely by all animals. The frequency of line crossing in the open field maze for the palm wine treated group was significantly lower (p<0.05) as compared to beer treated and control groups. The frequency of rearing in the open for the beer-treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to the palm wine treated and control groups. But the frequency of rearing against the wall for the palm wine treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to control. This was however not significantly different from the beer treated group. Grooming in the palm wine treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) when compared to beer treated and control groups. Freezing duration and frequency in the palm wine treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to beer treated and control group. The frequency of stretch attend postures in the beer treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to control. This was not statistically different from the palm wine treated group. The frequency and duration for center square entry for the beer treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to palm wine treated and control groups. The frequency of defecation in the palm wine treated group was significantly higher (p<0.05) as compared to beer treated and control groups. Similar trend was observed in the frequency of urination. These results indicate that consumption of beer increases locomotor and exploratory activity while palm wine consumption increases anxiety but reduces locomotor activity and exploration in the open field.
KEYWORDS: Palm wine; Beer, Locomotor activity; Exploration
UTERINE ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION TRANSVAGINAL DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY: CASE REPORT
Get PDFUterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare condition, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the literature. Despite it being rare, it is a potentially life-threatening condition. This case report describes a healthy 29-year-old patient, nulligravida, with an unremarkable medical history, came from gynaecologist for ultrasaound due to complain of irregular heavy PV bleeding. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography is a widely available, noninvasive and excellent diagnostic method. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) of the pelvis showed increased vascularity with multidirectional flow of the uterus and a prominent vessel, located on the posterior wall.KEYWORDS: Arteriovenous malformation; Primary infertility; Transvaginal ultrasound
CLINICO - HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF CUTANEOUS VASCULITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 62 CASES
Get PDFContext: Cutaneous Vasculitis is the inflammation of vessel walls which leads to hemorrhagic or ischemic events. The histopathological classification of cutaneous vasculitis depends on the vessel size and the dominant immune cell mediating the inflammation. Object: We studied the etiological factors and clinico-pathological spectrum of patients with cutaneous vasculitis at a tertiary referral centre of north India. Design: Skin biopsies of all patients with clinically suspected cutaneous vasculitis presenting over 5 years, between 2009-2014 were reviewed. Cutaneous vasculitis was classified on the basis of etiology (primary or secondary), on the basis of size of vessel wall as well as on the dominant inflammatory cell infiltrating the vessels. Results: Over 5 years, 62 / 103 patients evaluated for vasculitic syndromes had histologically proven vasculitis. Clinically, vasculitis was primary (77.4%) or secondary (22.5%) to drugs, infections, underlying connective tissue diseases and malignancy. Neutrophilic (n=30), lymphocytic (n=18), eosinophilic (n=10), and granulomatous (n=4) vasculitis were the major histopathological groups. Small vessel involvement was seen in 97% cases. Conclusion: Skin biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing cutaneous vasculitis. Small vessel vasculitis was the most common type of cutaneous vasculitis with the dominant cell type being neutrophilic. Eosinophilic infiltrate was exclusively associated with primary vasculitis.
KEYWORDS: Cutaneous vasculitis; Small vessel vasculitis; Skin biopsy
EOSINOPHILIC GASTRITIS- A RARE CAUSE OF GASTRIC WALL THICKNESS: A RARE CASE REPORT
Get PDFIdiopathic eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown origin, characterized by diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by varying abdominal symptoms related to the location, severity and depth of invasion. A 63-year old male was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain and constipation. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness. Ultrasound showed free fluid in peritoneal cavity. An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of peritonitis due to intestinal obstruction. Pylorus of stomach showed thickening of wall. A Gastric perforation with indurated and rolled margins was identified, gastrojejunostomy was performed and provisional diagnosis of malignant growth with complication of perforation was made but histologically, thickened wall of the stomach revealed dense infiltration of eosinophils and eosiniphilic gastroenteritis was diagnosed.
KEYWORDS: Eosinophils, Gastroenteritis; Eosinophilic gastroenteritis; Coticosteroid
PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM BARK ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the preventive effects of aqueous extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark on dexamethasone induced insulin resistance and to compare it with rosiglitazone. Methods: The animals were categorized into two series of dexamethasone (dexamethasone 4mg/kg, dexamethasone 8mg/kg series) with 5 groups in each [plain control, dexamethasone 4/8mg/kg as per series, rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg, cinnamon bark extract (CZE) 250mg/kg BW]. Six animals were studied in each group. In a12 day study period, rosiglitazone and CZE groups received respective drug treatments and dexamethasone dosing (4mg/kg or 8mg/kg) was started from day 7onwards. On day 12, fasting blood, urine and post IPGTT blood samples were collected and processed for glucose, insulin and ketone estimations. Results: In both series, CZE 250mg/kg treatment showed significant reduction in mean fasting glucose and insulin compared to rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg groups and dexamethasone controls (4mg/kg, 8mg/kg groups) (P<0.05). The fall in glucose and insulin levels observed with CZE treatment at 30, 60 min post IPGTT in both series were significant compared to rosiglitazone and dexamethasone treatment groups (P<0.05). Glycosuria and ketonuria were absent in CZE groups, whereas these were reduced significantly in rosiglitazone groups compared to dexamethasone groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The aqueous extract of C. zeylanicum bark prevented the insulin resistance as evidenced by reduced fasting and post IPGTT glucose and insulin levels in steroid induced insulin resistance model.
KEYWORDS: Glucose uptake; Cinnamon bark; Rosiglitazone; Hyperinsulinemia; Hyperglycemia