Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF DIFFUSE BONE MARROW UPTAKE ON 18F-FDG PET/ CT
Get PDFBackground: Bone marrow is a frequent site of metastatic tumors, especially from breast, lung, and prostate cancers. Metastatic tumor in the bone marrow may influence the response to treatment, overall survival, and resulting decreased hematopoiesis. Diffusely and homogenously bone marrow uptake in 18F-FDG PET/CT scan is frequently observed which can caused by many conditions. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the consecutive records of F-18 FDG PET scans performed from April 2011 to August 2013 at Mochtar Riady Comprehensive Cancer Center Siloam Hospital, A total of 2952 result were reviewed. 16 patients with diffusely and homogenously bone marrow uptake in F-18 FDG PET/CT whole body scan between January 2012 and December 2013 were evaluated to find out the etiology. Results: From 2952 patients performed 18F-FDG-PET/CT there are 16 patients (5 men, 11 women) with diffusely and homogenously increased FDG uptake in bone marrow, mean age: 52 years, range 5 - 82 years. It was found that 6 of 16 FDG PET/ CT positive patient with solid tumors and 10 of 16 FDG PET/CT with non solid tumors. Malignancy was observed in 14 patients and benign in 2 patients. Diffusely and homogenously uptake due to 1 patiets with Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) , 6 patient with anaemia, 7 patients with chemotherapy, 1 patients with Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and 1 patients with extra-nodal non-hodgkin lymphoma were observed. Conclusion: Diffusely and homogenously increase bone marrow on 18F FDG PET/ CT whole body scan uptake can be seen in malignant or benign disease and history of treatment. Spleen uptake are observed at the initial imaging than bone marrow involvement while spleen uptake more frequently reflects disease involvement
EDIBLE MUSHROOM - A NUTRITIOUS FOOD IMPROVING HUMAN HEALTH
Get PDFMushrooms have been consumed since earliest history. The word Mushroom is derived from the french word for Fungi and Mold. Now-a-days, Mushroom are popular valuable food because they are low in calories, carbohydrate, Fat, sodium and also cholesterol free. Besides this, Mushroom provides important nutrients, including salenium, potassium, riboflavin, niacin, Vitamin D, proteins and fiber. All together with a long history as food source. Mushroom are important for their healing capacity and properties in traditional medicine. It has reported beneficial effects for health and treatment of some disease. Many nutraceutical properties are described in Mushroom like cancer and antitumor attributes. Mushroom act as antibacterial, immune system enhancer and cholesterol lowering Agent. Additionally, they are important source of bio-active compounds
INVESTIGATING MANAGEMENT OF WASTE IN GOVERNMENTAL MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC CENTERS OF FARASH BAND\u27S CITY
Get PDFIntroduction: Growth of urbanization has led to changes in production and components of nosocomial wastes and proper management of repelling solid wastes is an issue that has direct relationship to health and infection\u27s control in society. Although the numbers of these materials are low, but can cause lots of dangers. This study has been done with the aim of determining quantity and quality and also condition of management of wastes at medical and hygienic centers in year 94. Methodology: In this descriptive-sectional study that performed at governmental hygienic and medical centers of Farash Band, productive wastes divided into 3 main groups and the condition of wastes management was also investigated on the basis of prepared check list from management\u27s regulation of nosocomial wastes. By using panel regression, the effect of various variables on rate of infectious wastes and all the productive and nosocomial wastes was analyzed. Results: Findings of study showed that productive wastes are related to the numbers of referred people and are more than other hygienic and medical centers in hospitals. Although a meaningful relation between the rate of productive and infectious wastes and the numbers of referred people has not been observed, but the rate of productive and infectious waste in hospitals was more than other centers and it was statistically meaningful. Conclusion: Daily productions of thousands tons of waste in different areas (of country) and all kinds that they have according to pollution, are an issues that considering population\u27s growth and development of industry and technology should be placed at up to hygiene and environment\u27s plans of the country. According to the importance of this issue, at first items about hygienic dangers, type and the rate of waste and then collection and excretion systems should be noticed
A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY ON INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERIES IN KATHMANDU, NEPAL
Get PDFBackground: Low birth weight (LBW) in developing countries are mainly due to preterm delivery and intrauterine growth retardation. Among other causes of low birth weight, maternal factors are predominant. Aim: This study aimed to identify how strongly maternal risk factors associated to low birth weight. Method and Materials: The study used cohort prospective design among 700 pregnant women attended in antenatal care outdoor patient in Paropakar Maternity Women\u27s hospital with 6 months follow up. Results: Among 700 respondents, 23 (3%) were lost in follow up. Out of 677 mothers, 151 (22%) gave birth of LBW. The mean birth weight was 2724gm. The mean maternal weight was 48kg, height was150cm and BMI was 21.2kg/m2. The cumulative incidence of LBW in the cohort was 22%. Mothers with weight <45kg had 11 times higher risk of giving of LBW babies (RR=10.92, CI:7.90-15.08); BMI <18.5kg/m2 had 3 times higher risk of giving LBW babies (RR=3.08, CI: 2.30 - 4.12). Mothers without having past history of LBW, and preterm delivery were 0.3 times, and 0.44 times chances of giving LBW babies respectively. There are positive association of LBW with primigravida (RR=1.09), and primiparity (RR=1.41), however, it could not reach statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded that maternal weight <45kg is the strongest risk factor for LBW. Other maternal risk factors were weight <45kg, BMI<18.5kg/m2, mothers without past history of LBW, and preterm are also statistically significant to LBW.
KEYWORDS: Low birth weight; Cohort; Hospital-based; Maternal anthropometry
SHORT TERM PHYSICAL TRAINING AND ITS BENEFIT ON CARDIOVASCULAR AND AUTONOMIC RESPONSE
Get PDFPurpose of the study: Physical training results in favorable cardiovascular changes and that autonomic nervous system "the prime mediator" of these changes. Aim: The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that short duration of physical training may result in improved Cardiovascular recovery profile in humans. Material and Methods: Over a two month period, 58 healthy adult volunteers in age group of 17 to 20 years, the study was conducted in the Department of Physiology Gandhi Medical College Bhopal. Cardiovascular physical performance parameters were measured in terms of heart rate and blood pressure during physical exercise (Bicycle ergometery) as well as post exercise period. A standard battery of autonomic function tests including both activity and reactivity was used.Sympathetic reactivity is evaluated by diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip test and Parasympathetic reactivity is evaluated by heart rate variability during deep breathing. Results and Interpretation: In the present study heart rate increased with physical exercise linearly upto day 5th, after that increase in heart rate was less. Students ˜"t" test revealed a statistically significant (P< 0.001) decline in heart rate value recorded on day 1 and day 15th.With training , there is rise in systolic blood pressure with decrease of diastolic blood pressure which is statistically significant, but the observation revealed that the systolic and diastolic pressure values on day 1st and 15th did not show any statistically significant change with exercise. Sympathetic reactivity as evaluated by diastolic blood pressure response to hand grip test showed a decrease at 4th minute though it was not statistically significant. Parasympathetic reactivity is evaluated by heart rate variability during deep breathing which is not statistically significant. Conclusion: It could be concluded from our study that a short term physical training improved the cardiovascular status in humans by increased reading of blood pressure at beginning of exercise due to rapid vagal withdrawal and decreased reading of blood pressure after training due to increase in vagal tone. A trend of an increase in parasympathetic tone and decrease in sympathetic tone was observed.
KEYWORDS: Autonomic activity; Blood pressure; Physical activity; Young adults
RARE SIDE EFFECT OF TOPIRAMATE - A CASE REPORT
Get PDFTopiramate (sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide) is a broad spectrum newer anti-convulsant. It is also used in prophylaxis of migraine, cluster headache, bipolar affective disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, post herpetic neuralgia, relapse prevention in alcohol dependence syndrome, add on treatment for antipsychotic induced weight gain. Acute Myopia and angle closure glaucoma are some of the rare side effects of topiramate. This case highlights the development of myopia in a middle aged patient with alcohol dependence syndrome while he was on topiramate therapy.
KEYWORDS: Topiramate; Alcohol dependence syndrome; Angle closure glaucoma; Myopia
ORAL PEMPHIGUS - A CASE REPORT
Get PDFPEMPHIGUS is a serious chronic skin disease characterized by the appearance of vesicles & bullae, small or large fluid filled blisters that develop in cycles. The term pemphigus refers to a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of skin and mucous membranes that are characterized histologically by intraepidermal blisters due to acantholysis and immunopathologically by an in vivo bound & circulating IgG directed against the cell surface of keratinocytes. Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common form and frequently affects oral cavity. Main antigen is Dsg 3 (desmoglein) but 50% of patients also have autoantibodies to Dsg 1. Dsg 3: Dsg 1 is directly proportional to severity. We present a case of pemphigus occurring in the oral cavity of a 45-year-old male. Treatment with oral prednisolone and topical steroid resulted in remission of the disease. Clinical features, histological features and treatment of pemphigus vulgaris will be discussed.
KEYWORDS: Pemphigus; Blisters; Acantholysis; Autoantibodies
MANAGEMENT OF PNEUMONIA WITH MULTILOCULATED LEFT PLEURAL EFFUSION CAUSED BY EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES PRODUCING KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE
Get PDFIncrease in the mortality and morbidity in pleural infection is a concern worldwide due to increasing resistant Gram negative pathogens like Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella species. Rise of pneumonia due to K. pneumoniae, is more likely observed in alcoholics, diabetics, hospitalized and patients receiving mechanical ventilation. In the present study, we discuss a case of a 59 year old male patient with pulmonary effusion infected with extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing K. pneumoniae with co-morbidities of uncontrolled Type II diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD), treated with a newer antibiotic adjuvant entity: Elores (ceftriaxone/sulbactam/disodium edetate) and recovered well.
KEYWORDS: Gram negative pathogens; Beta-lactamases; Elores
PATTERN OF ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF COMMON ISOLATES IN ICU OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: 2 YEARS STUDY
Get PDFIntroduction: Antibiotic resistance is a major emerging world-wide problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to study the antimicrobial resistance pattern of microbial isolates from patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Material and methods: All isolates from different clinical samples were collected and processed by standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby Bauer method. All gram negative organisms were further tested for ESBL and MBL production. Results:Of 451 isolates, 353 (78.2%) were gram negative and 98 (21.7%) were gram positive cocci. The most frequent infections were lower respiratory tract infections (32.9%). The most frequently isolated organisms were P. aeruginosa (20.1%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.6%). Higher resistance (60-100%) was observed to amoxycillin, ceftazidime, amoxyclav, ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole. ESBLs production was found in (45.3%) isolates. 75.0% of Staphylococcus aureus and 20.5% of S.epidermidiswere MRSA positive. 85.7% showed MBL production. Conclusion: Surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of predominant bacteria is necessary to monitor changes in susceptibility patterns and to guide the clinician in choosing empirical or directed therapy appropriately, especially in ICU setting.KEYWORDS: Intensive Care Unit; Antibiotic resistance; MRSA
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MICROALBUMINURIA AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY
Get PDFObjectives: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the association between oxidants, antioxidants and microalbuminuria in Diabetic Nephropathy compared with Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods: The study includes 60 Type II Diabetes Mellitus and 40 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients. Parameters performed HbA1c, urea, creatinine, total proteins, microalbuminuria, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde(MDA). Results: The levels of HbA1c, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria and malondialdehyde are significantly higher in DN compared with Type II DM. the levels of T.P and glutathione peroxidase are decreased in DN compared with Type II DM. Conclusion: Low levels of glutathione peroxidase and total proteins were observed in DN. HbA1c, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria and malondialdehyde levels were elevated in DN compared with Type II DM.KEYWORDS: Diabetic Nephropathy; Glutathione peroxidase; Microalbuminuria; Malondialdehyde