Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Effect of Adenosine on Purinergic receptors in the treatment of gastric ulcers in Wistar albino rats
Full text linkIntroduction: Ulcers are deep lesions penetrating through the entire thickness of the gastrointestinal tract (g.i.t) mucosa. It is believed that the Gastric ulcer develops due to an imbalance between aggressive factors (Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, Gastric acid) and protective factors (mucin, bicarbonate, prostaglandins), leading to the interruption in the mucosal integrity. Gastric ulcer, also known as peptic ulcer, is a localized area of erosion in the stomach lining, resulting in abdominal pain, possible bleeding and other gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common cause of gastric ulcer is a stomach infection associated with the Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. Current treatment and management of gastric ulcer disease include proton pump inhibitors, Ulcer protective agents, anti-histamines, anticholinergics, antacids, and anti-H.pylori drugs etc. Aim: The present study was designed to investigate the potential role of adenosine in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. This study also aims to explore the role of purinergic receptors in gastric ulcers. Materials and method: Gastric ulcer was induced in Wistar rats (180-210g) of either sex by administration of indomethacin (5mg/kg, p.o., 14 days) and the animals were sacrificed, stomachs were removed for estimation of various parameters such as ulcer index, mucin percentage, percentage of inhibition of ulcer index, estimation of pH. Biochemical estimations such as MDA, GSH, SOD and MPO activity were performed. Results: Administration of indomethacin in Wistar rats leads to gastric ulcers by an increase in ulcer index, decrease in mucin percentage and decrease in pH. The biochemical parameters like MDA and MPO are found to increase in the indomethacin control group.GSH and SOD were found to decrease than in the normal control group. Now the administration of a test drug (adenosine) was found helpful in the treatment of gastric ulcers in Wistar rats by decreasing the ulcer index, increase in pH and increase in mucin percentage. The biochemical parameters MDA and MPO were found to decrease and increase in GSH and SOD when compared with the control group. Theophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist, shows increased gastric ulceration compared to the control group. Thus, the present data demonstrated that adenosine benefits gastric ulcers. Also, the present data demonstrate purinergic receptors\u27 possible role in adenosine\u27s cytoprotective effect.
Keywords: Ulcers, Wistar rats, adenosine, indomethacin
Postural changes in blood pressure and heart rate among healthy young adults in a Ghanaian university
Full text linkIntroduction: There are contradictory and inconsistent reports on the effects of different body postures on measured blood pressure and heart rate. This relationship has not been previously tested in the Ghanaian population.
Aim of the study: The overall aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different body positions on blood pressure and heart rate among Ghanaian healthy young adults.
Methods: Blood pressure and heart rate were measured subsequently in eight different positions on the left arm in the following non-randomized order: (i) sitting with arm flexed at the elbow and supported at the heart level on the chair, (ii) sitting with legs crossed, (iii) standing, (iv) supine, (v) right lateral recumbent, (vi) left lateral recumbent, (vii) prone, an (viii) bent with hands holding knees with face pointing to the ground. The repeated measures for ANOVA were used to compare the means in different positions. Statistically significance was pegged at p-value < 0.05.
Results: The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lowest in the right lateral recumbent position as compared to the other positions whiles the bent position recorded both the highest systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate.
Conclusion: The highest mean blood pressure and heart rates are found in the bent position as compared to other body postures. The lowest mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures are found in the right lateral recumbent posture.
Keywords: Posture, blood pressure, heart rate, Ghanaian, Adult
Adverse Reactions Caused by Antiepileptic Medications in Real-World Medical Settings
Full text linkEpilepsy is a relatively common condition characterized by a tendency for recurrent seizures, which is due to the disturbance of spread of electrical discharge of the cortical neurons. Up to 80% of people with epilepsy are able to control their condition with anti epileptic drugs (AEDs). The growing number of newly approved drugs for various illnesses coupled with the complex treatment options have contributed to the increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). AEDs have a narrow therapeutic index with wide spectrum of ADRs. 10-30% of epileptic patients discontinue their initially prescribed AEDs due to ADRs. These ADRs can be the cause of non-adherence and subjective distress. The newer generation AEDs have reduced adverse events, fewer drug interactions if any and thus improved safety. Comparison of adverse effects in patients taking AEDs with adverse events in control groups is helpful; however, data from controlled studies are often lacking for most AEDs. Because of these limitations, the clinician must adopt a preventative and early detection approach based on some general principles. This review outlines various adverse reactions related to the use of Anti-epileptic drugs.
Keywords: adverse reactions, antiepileptic drugs, carbamazepine, phenytoi
Reproductive Health of Women: a comprehensive review
Full text linkFull access to sexual and reproductive health is a fundamental human right. Women and girls around the world, especially those living in poverty, have little or no access to reproductive health and rights information and services. Discrimination, shame, restrictive laws and regulations, and long-standing traditions are just some of the existing barriers to sexual and reproductive health. There is evidence that these rights affect not only individual women, but also families, communities and economies, but progress has been slow. Women\u27s lifestyles have evolved throughout history. Life used to be difficult for most women. Many women have had unwanted pregnancies. Childbirth used to be dangerous and often ended in the death of the mother. Most women have never suffered menopause or senility in the past because they did not live long enough. Reproductive health is an important aspect of an individual\u27s overall development and well-being. It may be the result of positive parenting, which is essential in adolescence and lays the foundation for good health in adulthood and beyond reproductive age, in both men and women. Female reproductive life does not begin at puberty and end at menopause. Also, a man\u27s reproductive lifespan doesn\u27t end when he becomes less likely to have more children. It is present and essential at every stage of human development and maturity. Reproductive health needs vary by age and stage of life. However, there are long-term effects throughout life, with each stage having a significant impact on future well-being.
Keywords: Women health, adulthood, fertility, sexual health, menstruation
Sericin A Boon to Medical and Dental doctors – A Review
Full text linkSilk sericin is a natural polymer produced by the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which surrounds and keeps together two fibroin filaments in silk thread used in the cocoon. The recovery and reuse of sericin usually discarded by the textile industry not only minimizes environmental issues but also has a high scientific and commercial value. The physicochemical properties of the molecule are responsible for numerous applications in biomedicine and are influenced by the extraction method and silkworm lineage, which can lead to variations in molecular weight and amino acid concentration of sericin. The presence of highly hydrophobic amino acids and their antioxidant potential make it possible for sericin to be applied in the food and cosmetic industry. The moisturizing power allows indications as a therapeutic agent for wound healing, stimulating cell proliferation, protection against ultraviolet radiation, and formulating creams and shampoos. The antioxidant activity associated with the low digestibility of sericin expands the application in the medical field, such as antitumour, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, and anticoagulant, acts in colon health, improving constipation and protecting the body from obesity through improved plasma lipid profile. In addition, the properties of sericin allow its application as a culture medium and cryopreservation, in tissue engineering and for drug delivery, demonstrating its effective use, as an important biomaterial. The present review on sericin describes its properties and application in various fields.
Keywords: Silk, sericin, biomedical, dental, biomaterial, biodegradable, biocompatible
Role of in-utero Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) supplemented diet on some hematological parameters and glucose storage in offspring of Wistar rats.
Full text linkAzadirachta indica (AI) Neem leaf is native of India which grows in most of tropical and subtropical countries. It tree has adaptability to a wide range of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. This study explored the impact of AI supplementation during gestation on some haematological parameters and glucose storage in both offspring of Wistar rats. Eighteen pregnant female and 12 male Sprague-Dawley rats with a weight range of 140-180 grams were employed for this study and they were exposed to either a standard diet or AI supplementation (AIS). The pregnant rats were exposed to AIS up to birth (gestational AI supplementation) which comprised of both treated males (TM) and treated females (TF). Control rats with control diet was administered in analogous comparatively and this comprised of control male (CM) and control females (CF). During postnatal day 49, the rats were sacrificed and blood sample was obtained for assay of white blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), red blood cell counts (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV). Liver and gastrocnemius tissues were obtained for skeletal and hepatic glycogen assayed and intestinal and pancreatic α amylase and α glucosidase were determined from intestine and pancreatic tissues. WBC, PLT, RBC, Hb, PCV, alpha amylase, hepatic and skeletal glycogen increased significantly (p<0.05) in TM and TF with a remarkable decrease and increase in alpha glucosidase (p<0.05) in TM and TF respectively compared with CM and CF. It can be inferred from the present study that perinatal AI supplementation provides a substantial justification to its use in folk medicine as a hematopoietic plant and the increased glucose storage observed may not be unconnected with its role as an hypoglycaemic agent though the effect were more marked in female offspring compared with the male counterparts
Neuroprotective Activity of Herbal Medicinal Products: A Review
Full text linkPlant-based drugs are among the earliest pharmaceuticals documented in even the most basic medical system\u27s history. They are the most often used medicines due to their wide acceptance and general perception of their safer profile as compared to conventional drugs. Herbal medicines and products are gaining popularity around the world, not just as a caffeine-free alternative, but also as dietary supplements for low-calorie diets. In recent years, traditional medicine has gotten increased attention. Traditional medicine uses a range of herbs to cure neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer\u27s and other similar central nervous system issues. The term "neuroprotection" refers to strategies and systems for preventing neuronal injury in the central nervous system (CNS). Humans still have access to nature\u27s medicines. Many important drugs are obtained from natural sources or based on the structural characteristics of naturally occurring substances, such as vincristine, artemisinin, and gentamicin. Traditional medicine has been documented to use a number of natural substances, usually plant extracts, for neuroprotective, memory-enhancing, and anti-aging objectives. Such plants include Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, and Salvia officinalis. These plants were studied to see if the traditional claim was true, as well as to learn more about the mechanism through which they give neuroprotective advantages
Effects of Saccharum officinarum Molasses on Hematology and Hepatic Functions of Male Wistar Rats
Full text linkBackground: Sweeteners are a utile source of nourishment for cuisine preparation but are linked with the risk of occurrence of several diseases. Hence, the quest for healthier sweetening agents with lesser harmful effects cannot be ignored. Saccharum officinarum molasses, a natural nutritive sweetener, has become a popular substitute despite a dearth of knowledge on its healthiness.
Aim: To assess the effects of Saccharum officinarum molasses on hematology, serum electrolyte, lipid profile, liver histology, and redox status of male Wistar rats.
Methods: Blackstrap® Saccharum officinarum molasses (SOM) was fractionated to obtain Saccharum officinarum molasses methanol fraction (SOMMF) and Saccharum officinarum molasses aqueous fraction (SOMAqF). Seven groups (n = 5) of adult male Wistar rats received distilled water (Control); 1.0, 3.2, 10.0 g/kg SOMMF and 0.6, 2.0, 6.4 g/kg SOMAqF, respectively. Administrations were done daily via oral gavage for eight weeks. Full blood indices were determined with an automated hematology analyzer, serum electrolyte by monoliquid colorimetric test, and serum lipid profile using the enzymatic colorimetric test. Liver malondialdehyde and antioxidant levels were assayed by spectrophotometry. Liver histology was assessed using microscopy. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < 0.05 significance.
Results: SOM increased liver catalase activity and serum levels of iron and potassium. It reduced serum levels of lipid profile, zinc and sodium ions, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, packed cell volume, superoxide dismutase activity of the liver, and concurrently disrupted liver cytoarchitecture.
Conclusion: Saccharum officinarum molasses adversely disrupted the hematological and hepatic functions of male Wistar rats
Effect of hyperglycemia on serum uric acid levels - A real world comparative study
Full text linkObjective: - To determine the relationship between hyperglycaemia and uric acid levels.
Material and methods:- Patients, with known diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance/newly detected patients of diabetes treated on OPD basis or in patients admitted in B.T.G.H over a period of 1yr from April 2017 to March 2018.Study design: - randomized, comparative, cross-sectional.
Result: - 19 cases of type 2 DM had hypouricemia while 6 in controls .7 cases of IGT had hyperuricemia, 6 controls had hyperuricemia and none in patients with type 2 DM.Conclusion:- Serum uric acid concentration is slightly reduced in patients with type 2 DM. Serum uric acid concentration is increased in patients with IG