Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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INFLUENCE OF DISTRACTIONS ON AUDIO AND VISUAL REACTION TIME IN YOUNG HEALTHY INDIVIDUAL OF 19-26 YEARS
Get PDFBackground: Reaction Time is a measure of function of sensori-motor co-ordination and it is one of the valid and reliable tools for assessing cognitive functions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of distractions on auditory and visual reaction time. Methodology: Testing was performed using a reaction time programmer developed with the help of JavaScript. 50 healthy participants (47 girls and 3 boys) aged between 19-26 years were exposed to different distractions (conversation, slow music, fast music and texting) in both ART and VRT tests. Results and Conclusion: Both auditory and visual reaction time with each distraction was found longer than normal. Auditory reaction time was maximally affected by conversation (f-value 8.27 and p-value).
Key words: Auditory reaction time; Visual reaction time; Distractions; Sensori-motor co-ordination
ANTI INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CIPROFLOXACIN, AZITHROMYCIN AND DICLOFENAC SODIUM ON CARRAGEENAN INDUCED HIND PAW EDEMA IN MICE
Get PDFBackground: Obviously, antibacterial agents are primarily directed against bacteria. However, because microorganisms can initiate an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, and as pathogens which persist in cryptic reservoirs (cells or granuloma tissue) can be the underlying cause of chronic inflammation, the hypothesis that antibacterials can down regulate inflammation. Methodology: Healthy adult mice weighing 20 - 30 g and aged 6-8 weeks, each group 6 mice were included. 1% carrageenan administered to produce inflammation. Grouping: Group 1: Normal saline 0.2 ml. i.p., Group 2: Diclofenac sodium 25mg/kg, Group 3 Ciprofloxacin 50 mg/kg, Group 4: Azithromycin 20mg/kg. Drugs were administered Intra Peritoneal. After 30 min of test drugs administration each group of mice were received subplantar administration of 0.05ml of saline (Control) or 0.05ml carrageenan (1%) for test groups 2 to 4. Paw volumes were measured by dipping in to the mercury plethysmograph at 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes and results were tabulated. Results: Diclofenac, ciproflaoxin, Azithromycin inhibited paw edema in % at 30min 42.85, 28.55, 14.28, at 60min 75, 50, 25, at 120min 71.42, 42.85, 14.28, and at 180 min 50, 50, 25 respectively. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin (50mg/kg) has exhibited consistent anti-inflammatory, but the anti-inflammatory activity of is less than that of Diclofenac sodium and Azithromycin also has exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, though much less when compared to Diclofenac sodium and Ciprofloxacin.
Key words: Anti inflammatory effect; Azithromycin; Ciprofloxacin; Diclofenac Sodium; Paw edema; Mice
SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV, HBV, HCV, SYPHILIS AMONG DONORS OF BLOOD AT THE NATIONAL CENTER OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ANTANANARIVO IN 2014
Get PDFIntroduction: Currently, routine screening for HIV, hepatitis B and C and syphilis is done in most blood banks in the world. Methods: We conducted a prospective descriptive study at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) Antananarivo for a period of 7 months from January to July 2014, which aims to assess the socio-clinical factors accompanying ineligibility of blood products and to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, C and syphilis of the blood donors who have spent at CNTS HU JRA Antananarivo during this period. All donors who have abnormal results of microbiological examinations were included. The parameters used and studied were age, sex, marital status, blood and results microbiological examinations for HIV, hepatitis B, C, and syphilis. The prevalence of blood donors who presented a serological abnormality is 3.95% with a predominance of donors with hepatitis B (72.93%) followed by syphilis (18.29%) of the hepatitis C (6.95%) and HIV (1.80%) and a predominance of young people. Conclusion: At the CNTS Antananarivo, the HBV is the main definitive reason for exclusion of these donors. This high prevalence is a real public health problem for the country\u27s health authorities. The search for maximum safety in blood transfusion through firstly a better selection of blood donors by implementing a policy of strong loyalty and other early diagnosis of major diseases transmissible by blood and likely to infect the recipient.
KEYWORDS: Antananarivo; Blood donor; Microbiology; Seroprevalence
DIVERSIFICATION IN FLAVOURED MILK: A REVIEW
Get PDFPlain milk is most consumed liquid product, but when this milk is converted to flavoured milk that will be more acceptable by the peoples of all age groups. Flavoured milk is the second largest widely consumed liquid dairy product after plain milk, having numerous nutritional as well as physiological benefits. It contains same essential 9 nutrients as the milk. Adding flavour and colour to milk increases its palatability value. Some natural as well as artificial flavours are used in the preparation of flavoured milk. Flavoured milks are also prepared by adding various types of herbs to provide therapeutic value to the flavoured milk. Several vitamins and minerals are also added in flavoured milk to enrich with health providing components. Fruit based flavoured milk are prepared by adding fruit pulps or fruit juices to add the variety to the flavoured milks.
KEYWORDS: Flavoured milk; Chocolate flavoured milk; Sterilized flavoured milk; Herbal flavoured milk; Fruit flavoured milk
TYPES OF SUTURING AND THEIR CLINICAL OUTCOME IN OPERATED PATIENTS IN A RURAL TERTIARY CARE SETUP
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study was aimed at different modalities of abdominal skin suturing techniques and their outcome in various abdominal skin incisions. Material and methods: All the patients above the age of 18 years irrespective of gender who were undergoing abdominal surgeries and getting sutured by either Simple, mattress, subcuticular or tension sutures were included in the study. The demography, diagnosis, type of wound & suture and its outcome was followed till day 14. Results: A total of 120 randomly selected cases with different abdominal incisions and different suturing techniques associated with co-morbid factors were selected. Majority of cases i.e, 40 (33.3%) belonged to inguinal hernia, followed by appendicitis, intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction. Age of 61 to 70 was the most common age group. Most of the cases had clean wound (59) followed by clean contaminated (27) and contaminated wounds (28). The types of sutures observed were simple, mattress, subcuticular and tension, which were done in 30, 24, 30 and 31 patients respectively. Among these the least complications were seen with subcuticular followed by simple type of sutures. The groups of the types of suture used were not comparable due to difference in the type of wound and disease in the patients. Conclusion: Although every type of suture has its own advantages, disadvantage, indications and contraindications, simple and subcuticular sutures have better outcome as compared to other forms of suture.
Key words: Abdominal incisions, Clinical outcomes, Suturing techniques
VARIATION OF PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATE WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN THE FIRST YEAR MALE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF VISWABHARATHI MEDICAL COLLEGE, KURNOOL
Get PDFBackground: Obesity has become one of the major health issues in India. WHO defines obesity as “A condition with excessive fat accumulation in the body to the extent that the health and wellbeing are adversely affectedâ€. Obesity results from a complex interaction of genetic, behavioral, environmental and socioeconomic factors causing an imbalance in energy production and expenditure. Peak expiratory flow rate is the maximum rate of airflow that can be generated during forced expiratory maneuver starting from total lung capacity. The simplicity of the method is its main advantage. It is measured by using a standard Wright Peak Flow Meter or mini Wright Meter. The pulmonary disorders due to obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity. Aims: To study the effect of Body Mass Index on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate in Medical students. Methods & Methods: study was performed on 60 Male age group of 17-22 Years, categorized as normal Weight BMI= 18.5-24.99kg/m2 and overweight BMI= 25-29.99 Kg/m2. There were 30 students with normal Weight BMI and 30 students with overweight BMI. Normal weight BMI subjects acted as control group to compare the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate with over weight. The parameters studied were weight, height, age, body mass index and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Student’s unpaired t-test was used for two group’s comparison. Results: The results of the investigation revealed a significantly lower Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) among the overweight BMI subjects compared to normal weight BMI subjects. Conclusion: Thus it is evident from the present study that obesity significantly affects the pulmonary functions which may give rise to long term complications and may lead to early morbidity and mortality.Key words: Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; Body Mass Index; Obesity
PRE-ANALYTICAL VARIABLES IN CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: TRAINING MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES THROUGH CASE BASED DISCUSSION
Get PDFBackground: Pre-analytical variables in clinical chemistry are factors prior to the biochemical analysis of samples affecting laboratory test results accounting for 32-75% of errors leading to misdiagnosis, decreased quality of medical care services and wastage of monetary resources. Aim: To educate first year medical undergraduates about pre-analytical variables through case based discussion and lecture method of teaching and assess the gain in knowledge by these methods. Methods and material: Two batches of medical students namely A (N=50) and B (N=52) were assessed for their background knowledge on the topic using an MCQ based questionnaire (pre-test). Batch A and B were taught through didactic lecture and case based discussion respectively. Post-test questionnaire was conducted to test the gain in knowledge of both batches. Delayed post-test was conducted after 2 weeks to assess retention of knowledge amongst students. Results: Pre-test scores of Batch A and B were not significantly different indicating that both batches had similar background knowledge of topic. Post-test scores vs. pre-test scores were significantly higher in both batches implying that both batches benefitted from their respective teaching sessions. But post-test score of Batch B was significantly higher than that of Batch A indicating higher gain of knowledge through case based discussion. Delayed post-test score was also significantly higher in Batch B vs. A implying better retention of knowledge through case based discussions. Conclusion: Topic ˜Pre-analytical variables in clinical chemistry must be included in undergraduate medical curriculum. Case based discussion could be an effective module for teaching the same.
Key words: Case based discussion; Didactic lecture; Medical students; Medical education; Pre-analytical variables
EFFECTS OF PRANAYAMA AND SURYANAMASKAR YOGIC PRACTICE ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Get PDFBackground: Recent studies have suggested that yoga reduce stress levels and anxiety accordingly reducing stress increases cognitive performance. The present study attempted to determine the combined yoga practice is associated with higher cognitive performance in medical students. Materials & Methods: All the instructions were given to the participants, they were asked to Unscramble 20 scrambled words in 5 minutes of time. The score was noted and were asked to perform yoga for four weeks. The same score was collected after yoga session and was compared with the previous values. Result: Analysis showed that the yoga group (M=15.2, SD=4.25) and the pre yoga group (M=09.49, SD=3.11) did not differ significantly on cognitive performance, p=<0.005. Conclusion: Combined effect of Pranayama and suryanamaskar are beneficial effect on improving cognitive function but it was statically insignificant.KEYWORDS: Pranayama, suryanamaskar; Yoga; Cognitive functions
EMPHYSEMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS: A CASE REPORT
Get PDFEmphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare life threatening fulminant necrotizing infection of the kidney with high mortality. It is characterized by characteristic gas formation within or around the kidney on radiological investigations, while E.Coli is the most common causative organism. We report a case of 60 year old female suffering from diabetes mellitus since 3 years, who presented with high grade fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and dysuria. She was diagnosed as a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis and successfully treated.
KEYWORDS: Emphysematous pyelonephritis; Antibiotics
LIPID PEROXIDE LEVELS AND ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN HEALTHY AND ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS PATIENTS
Get PDFBackground: Alcohol remains the single most significant cause of liver disease throughout the Western world, responsible for between 40 and 80% of cases of cirrhosis in different countries. Material & Methods:The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Santosh medical college & Hospital, Ghaziabad and Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt. Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, 164 alcoholic hepatitis patients were subjected to detailed clinical examination and laboratory investigations and the results were compared with 82controls. Blood samples were collected for oxidative stress parameters. It was observed that there was a significant increase in activities of Catalase, SOD, MDA, GPX and GR activity in patients with alcoholic hepatitis when compared to controls. Results: Results of our study show higher oxygen free radical production, evidenced by elevated levels of MDA and decreased levels of Catalase, SOD, GPx, GR, and TAS activity, supporting the evidence of oxidative stress in alcoholic hepatitis patients. Decreased concentrations of antioxidant support the hypothesis that alcoholic hepatitis is an important causative factor in pathogenesis of lipid peroxidation. Conclusion: Theantioxidant defense mechanisms might be impaired in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. These findings also provide a theoretical basis for development of novel therapeutic strategies, such as antioxidant supplementation.
Keywords: Alcoholic Hepatitis; Catalase; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Malondialdehyde; Superoxide dismutase; Total antioxidant status