Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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ESSENTIALITY OF FLUID INTAKE BY THE HUMAN BODY
Get PDFLike hunger thirst is also an important factor of human body. It is important for maintaining fluid homeostasis within the body. It is a perception that creates the urge for all humans for drinking fluids. It aids in maintaining body fluid homeostasis which is essential for survival. The quest of thirst can arise due to any one of the reasons such as habitual, cultural etc. When the body loses water it is not the case that equal amount will be lost from each of the fluid spaces - extracellular and intracellular.
KEYWORDS: Fluid homeostasis; Daily requirement; Non-communicable diseases
ARE YOU SUBMITTING YOUR RESEARCH ARTICLE TO A JOURNAL? THINK BEFORE SUBMITTING
Get PDFNowadays vast number of new journals emerging globally in each week. Most of the authors are confused while publishing their research articles due to various guidelines by governing bodies of respective nations. It became a challenging task to authors to find the suitable journal to publish the articles. In current scenario, authors need to update knowledge themselves while considering the journal before submitting
SERUM ZINC LEVELS IN SUDANESE PATIENTS WITH ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
Get PDFBackground: Zinc acts as growth protector for neoplastic cells and its deficiency was contributed to carcinogenesis. However, the determinations of serum zinc in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) prediction and prognosis requires more investigations. Objective: To evaluate and compare serum zinc in ALL patients and healthy controls and to correlate the serum zinc levels with hematological prognostic markers. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in Khartoum state-Sudan during the period from December 2013 to September 2014, it involved a case group of ALL patients (N=100) matched for age and gender with a control group (N=100). Serum copper and zinc levels and full blood count were investigated. Results: The ALL patients showed lower levels of Zn 0.73 ± 0.18 mg/dl compared to controls 1.01 ± 0.25 mg/dl [P = 0.003]. The serum Zn levels were inversely correlated with total white cell (-0.804, P < 0.0001) and blast counts (-0.935, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: These findings ALL associated with lower serum zinc levels and higher serum copper levels. The determination of serum zinc and copper could be used as ALL prognostic markers.
KEYWORDS: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Zinc; Carcinogenesis
A STUDY OF OUTCOME OF ROSE K LENSES IN KERATOCONUS
Get PDFBackground: Cornea is affected by several distinct disorders that produce marked thinning without significant inflammation. They are keratoconus, posterior keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and keratoglobus. keratoconus and posterior keratoconus produces central and inferior thinning with ectasia. Materials and Methods: All patients of keratoconus in age group 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included this was a prospective study, 20 Eyes of 15 patients of keratoconus in age group of 15 to 60 years at various stages of progression were included in the study. Visual acuity, slit lamp Biomicroscopy was done, corneal topography and Fundus examination was done by both direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy with full dilatation when possible. Results: Subjective score of pre rose k eyes when compared to post rose k lens eye was highly significant, which signifies that the same patient was highly satisfied after wearing rose k lens. Conclusion: Present study observed that, Rose K lenses improved patient\u27s overall quality of life in moderate and advance cases of keratoconus.
KEYWORDS: Keratoconus; Pellucid marginal degeneration; Keratoglobus; rose k lenses
ROLE OF SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CANCER BREAST WITH OR WITHOUT INITIAL CHEMO-HORMONO-RADIOTHERAPY
Get PDFIntroduction: Role of surgery has changed or changing globally in the form of down staging and surgery in locally advanced breast cancer to Modified Radical Mastectomy with axillary clearance in locally operable stage IV breast cancer with good performing status. Aim & Objective: To study the role of surgery in patients with advanced cancer breast with or without initial Chemo-Hormono-Radiotherapy. Material and methods: The study includes 100 cases of advanced breast cancer-stage IIIb and stage IV, undergoing surgery with or without initial Chemo-Hormono-Radiotherapy. Information regarding family history of similar complaints, operative detailed history, treatment received by the patients was recorded also recorded. Postoperatively patients were followed up every monthly for completion Chemotherapy and clinical examination for first 3 months than 3 monthly interval. Patients were thoroughly examined for local site or Axillary recurrence and progress of the disease in the form of supraclavicular lymph node, opposite breast, arm edema, bony tenderness, chest infection and liver enlargement. Result: The highest percentage of breast cancer is reported in age group 51-60 years of age. Mean age of presentation was 52 years. The minimum age of presentation was 30 years and maximum was 80 years. Our study reported infiltrating ductal carcinoma to be the most frequent of all carcinoma of breast, comprising 95% of cases. 7% of patients underwent Palliative Mastectomy while 73% of cases underwent Modified Radical Mastectomy with Axillary clearance. Axillary clearance (level III) was done in 80 patients. While Level I axillary clearance was done in 12 patients. 7 patients underwent palliative mastectomy. Only 58 patients received Neoadjuvent Chemotherapy. 75% of patients received Radiotherapy postoperatively. Conclusion: Even though there is definite role of surgery in breast cancer in the early stage of breast cancer, the incidence of patients presenting with advanced breast cancer in a rural population is alarming. The treatment of stage IIIb and stage IV breast cancer is multimodal, evolving and challenging which is further complicated by resistance or refusal of Neoadjuvent Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy by the rural population.
Key words: Advanced cancer breast, Chemo-Hormono-Radiotherapy, Treatment modalities
ANTIEPILEPTIC EFFECT OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH PHENYTOIN ON MES INDUCED EPILEPSY IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: The currently available antiepileptic drugs have a low therapeutic index, and provide satisfactory seizure control in only 60-70% of patients. Calcium channel blocker has shown potentials of a useful add-on drug for the existing antiepileptic drugs. Objectives: To study the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) nifedipine and verapamil on maximal electroshock (MES)-induced convulsions and also to evaluate their effect in combination with Phenytoin. Methods: For this study, Male Wistar rats were used. Effects of nifedipine (5 mg/kg), verapamil (20mg/kg) alone and in combination with phenytoin (25mg/kg) were studied in MES model. Abolition of hind limb tonic extension and reduction of duration of tonic extension was considered as the index for antiepileptic activity in MES. Results: Verapamil and nifedipine produced significant antiepileptic effect alone. Verapamil and nifedipine potentiated the antiepileptic effect of phenytoin sodium. Conclusion: Dose of phenytoin sodium can be reduced in epileptic patients receiving verapamil or nifedipine for some other clinical conditions. Verapamil and nifedipine can also be used alone in the treatment of generalized tonic clonic seizures. However it needs further confirmation to establish clinical utility of calcium channel blockers.
KEY WORDS: Nifedipine, verapamil, phenytoin, MES seizure rats
LUTEMBACHER\u27S SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT
Get PDFLutembacher\u27s syndrome is a rare heart disease comprises ASD secundum with mitral stenosis. Here we will discuss a case of 28 years old man, non-diabetic, non-hypertensive, admitted in BLDE Hospital on 10-04-2017 with complaints of respiratory distress and chest pain for 10 days. On detailed examination and investigation, he was found to be having Lutembacher\u27s syndrome.
Key words: Atrial septal defect; Lutembacher\u27s syndrome; Mitral stenosis
MICROTEACHING - A TOOL USED TO IMPROVE TEACHING SKILLS AND TEACHING BEHAVIOR IN POST GRADUATE STUDENTS
Get PDFBackground: Medical teachers most often do not receive a special training in pedagogic techniques. Lack of such training results in ineffectivity of the delivered lecture, communication gap between the teacher and the student, which ends up in lowering the quality of teaching and standard of education. "Micro Teaching" technique is used with the aim of helping budding teachers to sharpen their teaching skills and teaching behaviors. Aims & Objective: To inculcate teaching skills and teaching behaviors in Postgraduate (PG) students and to develop the interest in teaching of PG students. Methodology: It was descriptive longitudinal study on eight first year PG student from various department of our institute. It was a four week study each participant underwent two sessions, in first session 10 minute presentation by participants in front of peer group, followed by peer group feedback on teaching skills, second session two weeks later after incorporating suggestions of first session to see the improvement. After second session participants asked to fill "self-evaluation" forms. Results: After comparing first session with second session results it was found statistically significant improvement in teaching skills and everyone agreed that microteaching helps to improve teaching skills and teaching behaviors, develop interest in teaching and boost confidence. Conclusion: This study has confirmed earlier research findings regarding the benefits of the microteaching technique in assisting individuals to develop their professional competence and confidence.
Keywords: Microteaching; Teaching-Learning methods; Teach-re-Teach; Small group teaching
ANTI CONVULSANT EFFECT OF NIFEDIPINE, DIAZEPAM AND IN COMBINATION ON MES INDUCED EPILEPSY IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: The role of calcium in the process of epileptogenesis and neurotoxicity and excitotoxicity during status epilepticus is involved. In fact, epileptiform bursts are often associated with influx of calcium ion into the nerve cells and a decrease in the extracellular concentration of calcium precedes the onset of seizures. Aim: To investigate the activity of nifedipine, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, diazepam, the benzodiazepine anti- convulsant of established efficacy and their combinations against rat models of MES induced tonic seizure. Method: Wister albino rats of either sex, weighing between 150-220 gm were used for maximal electroshock method. Rats were divided into 10 groups, in each group n=6 total N=60.Group 1: Control, Group 2-4:Nifedipine 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg accordingly, Group 5-7: Diazepam 1,2 and 4 mg/kg accordingly, Group 8:Nifedipine (3.3mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 9:Nifedipine (6.6mg) + Diazepam (3mg), Group 10: Phenytoin (25mg/kg). The Controls in the central panel was set at 120 mA current. The Start-Reset knob was switched in the reset position with time of 0.2 seconds was set. The following parameters were observed. Latent period of convulsions, duration of flexion, tonic hind limb extension, posttictal sleep. Results: Nifedipine in doses of 4 and 8 mg / Kg., diazepam in all doses (1, 2 and 4 mg / Kg.) and their combinations were significantly reducing the duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE). Only Nifedipine in doses of 2 mg / Kg. had no significant change in duration of THLE in comparison to Normal saline. The effect of Nifedipine 8 mg / Kg. on reducing the duration of THLE, indicative its anti-seizure activity on MES seizure was comparable to Diazepam in the dose of 1 mg / Kg. The MES-induced anti-seizure activity of Diazepam in doses of 1 mg / Kg. It was significantly less than Diazepam in doses of 2 and 4 mg / Kg or from the combination doses. Diazepam in 4 mg / Kg. dose was equally effective as the combination. But its effect was also equi-effective with Phenytoin. Conclusion: Nifedipine alone is inferior to diazepam in generalized tonic-clonic seizure and their combination is not having superadditive effect.
Key words: Calcium channel blockers; Diazepam; Epilepsy; Maximum electrical shock
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DORZOLAMIDE + TIMOLOL VS. BRIMONIDINE + TIMOLOL FIXED COMBINATION THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Get PDFBackground: To compare the efficiency of dorzolamide + timolol fixed combination vs. the Brimonidine + timolol fixed combination in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma Materials and methods: A prospective study conducted over a period of 6 months with a total of 69 patients having primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) who completed a follow up of 6 months at a tertiary care hospital. Detailed history of the patient was obtained and patients were assessed for best corrected visual acuity, base line IOP with Goldmann applanation tonometer and detailed anterior and posterior segment examination. They were categorized into two groups according to the combinations prescribed by the ophthalmologist as follow: group 1-dorzolamide+timolol and group 2-brimonidine+timolol. A follow up evaluation of each patient was done at 1, 3 and 6 months after baseline visit. Results: During our study the baseline IOP for dorzolamide + timolol group was 25.7 ±4.25 mm Hg and for brimonidine + timolol group was 26.3 ±5.86 mm Hg. During 6 months treatment, the mean reduction in IOP was 7.83 mm Hg (29.4%) in dorzolamide + timolol group and 9.39 mm Hg (35.6%) in brimonidine + timolol group. Conclusion: Our study showed that brimonidine + timolol combination has superiority over dorzolamide + timolol to reduce the IOP in newly diagnosed patients with POAG The value of IOP reduction in our study in brimonidine + timolol group was 9.39 mm Hg (35.6%) and 7.83 mm Hg (29.4%) in dorzolamide + timolol group.
KEYWORDS: Primary open angle glaucoma, brimonidine, timolol, dorzolamide