Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
Not a member yet
381 research outputs found
Sort by
A VERY INFREQUENT ASSOCIATION OF WILLIAM-BEURAN SYNDROME AND TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
Get PDFWB-S Autosomal Dominant Disorder is the most common genetic disorder. We report a case of 20 year old with infrequent association of WBS and TOF. Clinical examination and ECHO confirmed TOF, WB-S was suspected based on the clinical signs used in the scoring system of WB-S which were described by AAP(2001), FISH study was performed in this patient because of having more than 3 clinical signs of WB-S and FISH study showed 7q11.23 deletion and remains the gold standard laboratory investigation for WB-S.
KEYWORDS: Tetralogy of Fallot; William Beuren Syndrome; Clinical Diagnosis; Fluroscence In Situ Hybridisation
POSTURE RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG NURSING STAFF IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Get PDFBackground: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most common occupational health problems in developing countries. The present study was conducted with an aim to study prevalence and cause of musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Method: It was a cross sectional study. 103 nurses were included in the study. and were asked to answer a well-equipped questionnaire so as to obtain information about their postural habits and other daily activities. Results: Among the nurses, 86% were found to be suffering from MSDs, low back pain and leg pain being the commonest problems. 30% of the nurses took medications for the pain. 52% required work related weight lifting activity. Out of those requiring weight lifting activity, only 48% of the nurses acquired proper posture (squatting without bending forward) while lifting weight. Mere 26% of the nurses acquired proper erect posture while sitting. Only 20% of them supported the lower back while sitting. 66% of the nurses did not perform any physical activity during the break. 56% of the nurses had not attended any workshop on good postural habits and had no idea about the ergonomically correct postures. However, no association was found between the postural habits of nurses and prevalence of Musculoskeletal disorders. Conclsuion: In view of high prevalence and insufficient knowledge and practice of ergonomics, it is the need of the hour to educate the nurses about the ergonomically correct postural habits and further complications.
KEY WORDS: Ergonomics; Musculoskeletal disorders; Nursing staff; Posture
USE OF ANIMATION IN TEACHING PHYSIOLOGY
Get PDFObjectives: To evaluate the gain in knowledge of first year MBBS students with the use of animation. Methodology: Prospective Interventional study was conducted in department of physiology. 200 first year MBBS students participated in the study. 100 students (Group-A) were taken as control group to them the topic of physiology was taught by didactic method and another 100 students (Group-B) were taken as intervention group, where the same topic was taught with Power point presentation along with animation. For each lecture preand posttest was taken. Five consecutive lectures were planned with this intervention. At the same time feedback forms were given to intervention group for purpose of analyzing the results qualitatively. After this intervention the crossover of groups were done only for the sake of getting benefit of intervention. Results: Data obtained was analyzed statistically. Pre and posttest mean were taken.
Key words: Animation; Chalk and board; Overhead projector; Teaching aids; Visual impact
OBESITY AS RISK FACTOR IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN MIDDLE AGED WOMEN
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic disease resulting from a complex inheritance-environment interaction along with other risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes and its complications constitute a major worldwide public health problem, affecting almost all populations in both developed and developing countries like India with high rates of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. Method: 110 women volunteers of age 35 to 55 years depending upon body mass index, were divided into five groups. Control (BMI; 25 kg / m2), Group I (BMI 25-29.9 kg / m2), Group II (BMI 30-34.9 kg / m2), Group III (BMI 35-39.9 kg / m2), Group IV (BMI > 40 kg / m2) were selected as subjects. Their Body Mass Index, Waist - Hip circumference ratio (W/H), Fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile: serum triglycerides (TG), serum total cholesterol and HDL, VLDL cholesterol were assessed. Result: There is a close association between obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mean values of FBS, HDL, TG & VLDL are significantly higher in group I compared to controls. The mean values of W/H ratio, FBS, HDL, TG & VLDL are higher in group II, III and IV compared to controls. Conclusion: In the middle aged women obesity is the major factor which increases the risk for diabetes. Obesity plays a role by altering homeostasis of the body; it does this by bringing about the changes in the various parameters studied.KEYWORDS: Middle aged women; Obesity; Type-2 diabetes mellitus
EFFECT OF STRESS ON HISTOPATHOLOGY OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IN RATS
Get PDFBackground: Although relatively little is known about factors affecting fertility. Latest literature suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors play an important role. Recently, oxidative stress has become the focus of interest as potential cause of male infertility. Oxidative stress may play a role in a number of conditions known to be detrimental to male fertility Method: Adult male albino rats weighing 200 - 220 g and aged 12-15 weeks male rats were selected for the study. The rats were randomly analyzed into 3 groups Group 1: Control rat, Group 2: Swimming stress without treatment, Group 3: Treated with vitamin C 30mg/kg/day doses. All rats were subjected to swimming stress daily between 9.00 AM to 10.00 AM until 50 days. Drugs were administered orally for 50 days half an hour before subjecting to stress. At end of the study the reproductive organs testes, seminal vesicles, Vas deferens and prostate were dissected and the samples were used for the histo-pathological evaluation. Result: In stress group section of testis shows seminiferous tubules showed focial poor spermatogenesis with reduction in number of sperm containing seminiferous tubules and absence of spermatozoa was clearly recognized in some seminiferous tubules. Treatment with antioxidant showed recovery but still some of the seminiferous tubules showed decreased spermatozoa. Stress changes in seminal vesicle: the hyperplasia of epithelial lining, histological features of mucosa severely affected and reduced number of gland. Stress induced changes in vas deferens: produced desquamated ling epithelium with atrophic changes and mild exploited epithelium, degenerated basement membrane of vas deferens. Stress induced changes in prostate: Prostatic acini with many papillary folds, desquamated epithelial cells, epithelial proliferation was seen. Conclusion: Oxidative stress produced deleterious effects on male reproductive system and supplementation of antioxidants such as vitamin C have been shown to be protecting effect against the histological changes produced by the oxidative stress on male reproductive system in rats.KEYWORDS: Stress; Male reproductive organs; Histopathology; Rat
A STUDY ON RECTAL CARRIAGE OF MULTIRESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI IN CHILDREN ATTENDING PEDIATRIC HOSPITAL AMBOHIMIANDRA, MADAGASCAR
Get PDFIntroduction: Gram-negative bacilli are often responsible for rectal colonization in children. These bacilli normally sensitive to third generation cephalosporins (3GC) have acquired disturbing antibiotic resistance in recent years, hence the interest of our study. The aims are to monitor the epidemiological evolution resistance of Enterobacteriaceae with antibiotics in particular β-lactams, estimate the prevalence of enterobacteria responsible for rectal colonization and their resistance to 3GC. Material and methods: This is a descriptive prospective study of Enterobacteriaceae in children attending Ambohimiandra Hospital for a period of 3 months (from 01 August to 31 October 2015). We have done a rectal swab of all the children whom we have parental consent. The samples were processed at the Laboratory of Medical Biology Faravohitra. The parameters studied are the antecedent of therapy antibiotic, notion of recent hospitalization and the results of microbiological examinations. Results: Of the 55 bacteriological samples obtained, 39 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated, Escherichia coli (n = 12), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 13), Citrobacter spp (n = 1), Salmonella spp. (N = 5) and Shigella spp (n = 2), Proteus mirabilis (n = 1). Six isolated strains (50%) of Escherichia coli showed resistance to ceftriaxone, of which 4 (33.33%) produced ESBL. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacilli responsible for colonization of the digestive tract have several resistances to β-lactams, in particular 3GC, by the production of enzymes (Expanded spectrum beta-lactamase or ESBL and cephalosporinase or CASE) which hydrolyze these antibiotics. Measures to combat the spread of these phenomena resistance must be implemented in the Malagasy community to limit them.
KEYWORDS: Rectal porous; Gram negative bacillus; ESBL; Multiresistence
SERUM 25 (OH) VITAMIN D AND ITS ROLE IN SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is emerging as an important public health problem across the world. In severe cases, the disease progresses towards end stage renal disease (ESRD) which is associated with several complications. In recent years, 25 (OH) Vitamin D has been identified as a risk factor for ESRD. Vitamin D plays a vital role in regulating parathyroid hormone (PTH) synthesis and release. Decreased Vitamin D levels are identified as a risk factor for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) which is one of the major complications of CKD and is associated with renal osteodystrophy. The present study was planned to assess the status of 25 (OH) Vitamin D and its role in secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 50 diagnosed cases of CKD (stage 4 and 5), age < 60 years. Age and sex matched healthy subjects (n = 50) constituted the control group. Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D and iPTH were estimated for all the enrolled subjects. BMI and eGFR were also calculated. All variables were compared among the control and diseased group. Results: Vitamin D levels were significantly low in the CKD group as compared to the control group (p<0.001). 72% of the total CKD patients were deficient in Vitamin D levels. Serum iPTH was significantly higher in the CKD patients (p = 0.000). A significant negative correlation was observed between iPTH and Vitamin D (r = -0.614). Conclusion: The study suggests that patients of CKD are at high risk of Vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency has a strong association with the pathogenesis of SHPT.
KEYWORDS: Chronic Kidney Disease; Vitamin D; Parathyroid hormone; Secondary Hyperparathyroidism; End Stage Renal Disease
CLINICAL OUTCOME OF CHEWING GUM ON BOWEL MOTILITY AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERY
Get PDFIntroduction: Postoperative paralytic ileus is one of the commonest causes of morbidity in abdominal surgeries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate efficacy of chewing gum in on bowel motility among patients who have undergone abdominal surgery. Methods: The details of patients along with diagnosis, co-morbidities, duration of anesthesia & surgery and post-operative stay were recorded. Patients that received chewing gum in addition to standard postoperative care were grouped as cases while those that received standard postoperative care were grouped as controls. The patients were observed for Peristaltic Sounds, Flatus passed, Stool Passed, return of appetite and time was recorded. Results: The study was conducted with 200 patients of which 100 each were grouped as cases and controls. Majority of the patients in Cases Group were in the age group of 40-50 years (42%). The mean age of the patients was 47.3 ±12.97 years. 7 (23.3%) patients in Cases Group had hypertension while 5 (16.7%) patients had diabetes mellitus. 8 (26.8%) patients in Control Group had hypertension while 4 (13.4%) patients had diabetes mellitus. 47 (47%) patients in Cases Group had enterocolon diseases while 43 (43%) and 10 (10%) patients had hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases respectively. 46 (46%) patients in Control Group had enterocolon diseases while 45 (45%) and 9 (9%) patients had hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases respectively. There was no statistical significance on comparison between the groups with respect to age, sex, co-morbidities and diagnosis. The mean duration of induction of anesthesia was 27.08±0.89 minutes and 28.16±1.14 minutes in Cases and Control Group respectively. The mean duration of surgery was 2.67±0.21 hours and 2.44±0.19 hours in Cases and Control Group respectively. The mean duration of return of Bowel Sound was significantly lesser in Cases Group as compared to Control Group (9.9±1.37 vs. 36.1±6.72 hours). The mean duration of first passage of flatus was significantly lesser in Cases Group as compared to Control Group (14.8±2.13 vs. 81.1±5.47 hours). The mean duration of time to first faeces was significantly lesser in Cases Group as compared to Control Group (36.1±7.28 vs. 107.6±6.87 hours). The mean duration of return of appetite was significantly lesser in Cases Group as compared to Control Group (19.3±2.13 vs. 87.6±5.47 hours). The duration of post-operative hospital stay was significantly lesser in Cases Group as compared to Control Group (72.1±7.28 vs. 155.6±6.87 hours). Conclusion: Gum chewing in patients undergoing abdominal surgery can be an effective intervention to facilitate the passage of flatus and feces, shorten the time to dietary intake, and shorten the length of hospital stay by promoting bowel motility.
Key words: Abdominal surgery, Bowel motility, Chewing gum
BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, AURANGABAD.
Get PDFIntroduction: Multidrug resistant nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients especially the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), where a large number of drugs are administered to the patient which in turn leads to the generation of antibiotic resistant pathogens. Method: Over a period 12 months clinical samples (blood, urine, pus/ wound swabs, respiratory secretions etc) from patient admitted in ICU were processed according to the standard microbiologic methods, and their antimicrobial testing was performed using disk diffusion method. Results: A total of 464 samples, 164 (35.34%) were culture positive in which 133 (81.1%) samples were monomicrobial and 31(63) (18.9%) samples were polymicrobial. Out of 196 isolates were obtained, 127 isolates were Gram negative and 69 isolates were Gram positive organisms. The most common isolate was S. aureus (29.1%) and Klebsiella spp (26%) followed by E.coli (17.3%), Pseudomonas spp (13.8%), Streptococcus spp (5.1%), Acinetobacter spp (4.1%), Citrobacter (2.6%), Proteus Spp (1%) and Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (1%). Vancomycin and linazolid is more effect against the Gram positive organisms. For Gram negative organism\u27s carbapenems remain the drug of choice followed by amikacin. Conclusion: Institutional antimicrobial surveillance and proper infection control practices are essential to prevent and control multi drug resistant bugs in ICUs and hospital.
KEY WORDS: Bacteriological profile; Antimicrobial profile; Intensive Care Unit infections; Nosocomial Infections
CORRELATION OF ACSM\u27S WALKING EQUATION AND DIRECTLY MEASURED VO2MAX IN INDIAN POPULATION: A PILOT STUDY
Get PDFPurpose of study: American College of Sports and Medicine equation is applied in many cardiovascular centers and sports medicine laboratory. It is used in majority of the commercial software available for exercise testing ACSM has published several metabolic equations for the indirect estimation of VO2max. So the purpose of the study was to find the applicability of ACSM walking equation in Indian population. Aim and Objective: To find out the correlation between actual VO2max and predicted VO2max 18-25 years female in Nagpur. Methodology: All the participants were selected according to sample of convenience and given a thorough explanation of the procedure in the language they understand. Each participant signed written informed consent before participating in the study in the language they could comprehend. Subjects were screened on the basis of selection criteria and PAR-q & you questionnaire. Total 20 participants were selected and demographic and anthropometric data was recorded. In this VO2 max was calculated directly by gas analyzer using AD instrument and indirectly by ACSM\u27s walking equation and data was analyzed. Result: The mean and standard deviation of directly measured VO2max (ml/kg/min) is 8.6354 and ±4.5557 this shows the range of VO2max for the studied population and VO2max predicted by ACSM walking equation is 38.1891 and ±5.4691. The pearson\u27s correlation for direct and indirect measurement of VO2max suggested that there is no co-relations with the value (r=0.11, p=, 0.05). Conclusion: The present study concluded that there is no correlation between actual and predicted VO2 max in the studied population and need to develop new regression equation for studied population i.e;ACSM equation is not applicable to the studied population.
KEY WORDS: American College of Sports and Medicine walking equation; VO2 max; Indian population