Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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To study different types of epileptic seizures and their treatment in a Superspeciality Hospital Jalandhar, Punjab, India
Full text linkIntroduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and unpredictable seizures, which are abnormal bursts of electrical activity in the brain. These seizures can vary in intensity and manifestation, causing a range of physical and cognitive effects. Epilepsy affects people of all ages and backgrounds, with over 65 million individuals’ worldwide living with the condition. Seizures in epilepsy can manifest in different ways, from convulsive jerking motions to momentary lapses in awareness. They can be triggered by various factors, including sleep deprivation, stress, flashing lights, or underlying brain conditions. Diagnosing epilepsy involves a comprehensive evaluation of a person\u27s medical history, symptoms, and often electroencephalogram (EEG) tests to monitor brain activity. Treatment options for epilepsy aim to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. This can include medication, which helps stabilize brain activity and prevent excessive electrical discharges. Objective: The objective of this study was to study different types of epileptic seizures and their treatment in a Superspeciality Hospital Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Methodology: This was a prospective, observational study investigating 90 patients with epileptic seizure in NASA AND HUB SUPERSPECIALITY HOSPITAL (NHS) located in Jalandhar Punjab for over a period of 4 months. This study revealed the treatment strategies used by physicians and correlation among treatment, control and complications of Epilepsy within the Indian context. This study eventually helped to develop person-centered care and facilitate public health agencies to invest appropriate resources in the management of Epilepsy in the health care system. Results: While studying about the gender wise distribution of patients, It was found that total number of patients at Nasa And Hub Superspeciality Hospital were 90, in which male patients were 60 accounting for 66.7% of study population, whereas the female patients were 30 accounting for 33.3% of total study population. Conclusion: The aim of the study was carried out to get the better awareness regarding epileptic seizures and to focus on the correct diagnosis for better treatment. The study focus on the most number of patients admitted at hospital with different types of seizures and the antiepileptic drugs to treat seizures. The study was done to differentiate between various groups of patients with epilepsy, of either sex or age.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Phenytoin, valproate
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Lead Poisoning: An Investigation of its Effects on Blood Lead Levels and Oxidative Stress in Rats
Full text linkObjective: Lead poisoning is a global public health problem that has been associated with poor treatment outcomes. We therefore evaluated the ability of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) to reduce blood lead level (BLL) and lead-induced oxidative stress in relation to dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in albino wister rats. Methods: Thirty rats were allocated into five groups consisted of 6 rats each. Control group (A) received normal rat chow and water ad libitum for 12 weeks. Group (B-E) initially received 100 mg/kg body weight lead acetate per oral for 6 weeks. Thereafter, groups B, C, D and E received DMSA and different doses of M. oleifera and their combination for another 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected prior to treatment, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks post-treatment for the analysis of BLL, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Results: BLL and MDA increased significantly (p<0.05) while serum SOD, CAT, and GST activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) from their pre-treatment levels after 6 weeks of lead acetate administration. However, 400 mg/kg body weight M. oleifera administration after 12 weeks post-treatment significantly (p<0.05) decreased 6 weeks BLL by (40.5%); MDA (52%); and significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of serum SOD by (35%); CAT (26.3%); and GST (53%). Conclusion: M. oleifera was observed to not only effectively reduce blood lead levels but also ameliorate lead induced oxidative stress through enhanced antioxidant activities. M. oleifera may therefore, serve as an alternative therapeutic approach to lead poisoning especially in resource limited settings
Beyond the Surface: The Hidden Struggles of PCOS
Full text linkABSTRACT
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) presents more than just physical symptoms; beneath the surface lie hidden struggles that profoundly impact those affected. While irregular periods and hormonal imbalances are recognized, the emotional toll is often overlooked. Elevated androgens can trigger mood disturbances, anxiety, and depression, creating a silent battle within. Fertility challenges add another layer of complexity. Conception difficulties, miscarriages, and fertility treatments expose individuals to a rollercoaster of hope and heartache. PCOS also inflicts a psychological burden, eroding self-esteem due to weight gain and societal beauty standards. Healthcare disparities and cultural stigmatization amplify the struggle, hindering proper diagnosis and treatment access. To address these hidden challenges, a holistic approach is imperative. Healthcare providers must acknowledge the emotional aspects, and awareness campaigns should dispel stigma. Empowering support networks can provide solace, while education fosters better self-care. By uncovering and addressing these concealed battles, we pave the way for comprehensive care, improved well-being, and a deeper understanding of the complex reality that PCOS entails.
Keywords: PCOS, fertility, miscarriage, infertility
To evaluate the impact of aspirin in prevention of coronary artery disease in superspeciality hospital Jalandhar Punjab, India
Full text linkIntroduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD), a prevalent cardiovascular ailment, arises from the gradual accumulation of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and other substances within the coronary arteries – the blood vessels responsible for supplying oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. Aspirin plays a pivotal role in the management of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) due to its antiplatelet properties. CAD often involves the formation of blood clots within narrowed coronary arteries, potentially leading to heart attacks. Aspirin, a blood-thinning medication, helps prevent clot formation by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets, which are blood cells involved in clotting. Objective: The objective of this study was to the impact of aspirin in prevention of coronary artery disease in superspeciality hospital Jalandhar Punjab, India. Methodology: The study was conducted in cardiac care unit at Nasa and Hub Superspeciality hospital Jalandhar Punjab and exclusively on patients who presented with any kind of cardiac disorder symptoms. This study was approved by the Ethics committee of Nasa And Hub Superspeciality Hospital. All the subjects have signed the informed consent form. In this study, 200 patients were recruited in NASA AND HUB SUPERSPECIALITY HOSPITAL Jalandhar Punjab from 8th june 2022 to 8th September 2022. Results and Discussion: . In this study population, there were significant differences between male and female concerning cardiovascular risk factors, so cigarette smoking is very prevalent in young group and limited for males. We observed that hypertension and diabetes are present at high level in women than men, and the percentage of hypertension and diabetes increase in both gender with age. In the present study, we examined a representative sample of visits to physicians in the Nasa And Hub Superspeciality Hospital by patients with coronary artery disease, with a focus on visits to cardiologists and primary care physicians by patients in whom aspirin was not contraindicated. Conclusion: Aspirin continues to be the mainstay of antiplatelet therapy in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) in this observational study. Patients at a high risk of developing CVD in the future may be advised to take aspirin, but the potential for adverse effects must be recognised in addition to the advantages. As a result of our study, it is imperative to reinforce the need for proper coronary artery disease (CAD) management in order to prevent further coronary artery complications.
Keywords: Coronary artery disease, aspirin, smoking, hypertensio
Epilepsy and Neuroinflammation: Unraveling the Complex Connection
Full text linkABSTRACT
Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurring seizures, has long been a subject of scientific exploration. Recent research has unveiled an intriguing link between epilepsy and neuroinflammation, the brain\u27s immune response to injury or infection. This connection has shed light on how inflammation contributes to the development and progression of epilepsy. Neuroinflammation appears to play a pivotal role in epileptogenesis—the process of normal brain tissue becoming hyperexcitable and prone to seizures. Immune cells like microglia and astrocytes release inflammatory molecules that disrupt neurotransmitter balance, promoting neuronal hyperexcitability. This heightened excitability sets the stage for seizure generation. The interaction between neuroinflammation and seizures is bidirectional. Seizures can trigger immune responses, releasing pro-inflammatory molecules. Conversely, inflammation lowers the seizure threshold, making individuals more susceptible to seizures. Mechanisms underlying this relationship include blood-brain barrier dysfunction, altered synaptic plasticity, and an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signaling. Understanding these mechanisms has therapeutic implications. Targeting neuroinflammatory pathways could suppress inflammation and reduce seizure frequency. Neuroprotective agents may prevent inflammation-induced damage and halt epileptogenesis. Immunomodulatory treatments might restore the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses, regulating neuroinflammation and reducing seizure susceptibility. The intricate interplay between epilepsy and neuroinflammation is a captivating field of study. Unraveling this complex connection offers insights into the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy, potentially leading to novel therapeutic approaches. By addressing both neurological and inflammatory aspects, researchers aim to improve epilepsy management and enhance the lives of those affected by this condition.
Keywords: Epilepsy, neuroinflammation, seizures, inflammation
Cancer Treatment with Nanoparticles: An overview
Full text linkOne of the greatest global causes of death is cancer. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy are all forms of cancer treatment, but they all have a number of drawbacks, including cytotoxicity, drug resistance, and other restrictions. The surface properties, ideal size, and shape of nanoparticles have revolutionised cancer treatment by enhancing biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and biocompatibility. Additionally, the delivery of bioactive plant-based anticancer medicines such as vinca alkaloids, taxanes, podophyllotoxin, and others has been improved using phytonanotechnology. Novel silver nanoparticles are also used as a delivery mechanism for anticancer medications. In this overview, we\u27ll look at silver nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer disorders, phytonanotechnology, and important uses of nanotechnology.
Keywords: Cancer, Conventional chemotherapy, Mechanism, Nanotechnology, Silver nanoparticle
Comparative Study of Immediate and Short Term Effect of 4 Days of Scapular Stabilizing Exercises and Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Scapular Alignment and Functional Task in Patients with Stroke – An Experimental Study
Full text linkBackground: Stroke is the commonest neurological cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Alterations in scapular position and motion occur in 68–100% of patients due to changes in the tone of the upper extremity and reduced strength, leading to an altered position of the scapula. Scapular stabilizing exercises and Scapular PNF have been shown to be effective individually in improving scapular control. However, its effect on functional tasks and objective measurement has not been studied. So, the purpose of the study is to compare these two techniques to identify the better technique with respect to objective measurement and its effect on functional tasks. Methodology: An Experimental study was done in a tertiary care hospital on 18 patients according to inclusion criteria and was divided into two groups. Group A Scapular Stabilizing Exercises and Group B Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation and Intervention were given for four days, and pre and post-assessment were done by Palpation meter (PALM) and Functional tasks (lifting and lowering the cup). Results: The results showed significant improvement in both techniques, i.e., there is a decrease in the Total Height discrepancy (t = 3.4) (p 0.003) and the time taken for lifting and lowering the cup (t = 2.2) (p 0.04). Conclusion: Scapula Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Exercises are more effective than Scapula Stabilizing Exercises and have a better short-term effect on Scapular Alignment and Functional Tasks in patients with Stroke.
Keywords: Stroke, Scapular Alignment, Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitatio
Aspirin Unveiled: Shielding Hearts from Coronary Artery Disease
Full text linkABSTRACT
In the realm of cardiovascular protection, aspirin emerges as a potent sentinel against Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Beyond its well-known pain-relief properties, aspirin\u27s remarkable antiplatelet action takes center stage. By inhibiting platelet aggregation through COX-1 enzyme suppression, aspirin mitigates the formation of arterial thrombi, crucial in averting heart attacks and strokes. Aspirin\u27s role spans both secondary and selective primary prevention. In secondary prevention, it stands as a stalwart defense, substantially lowering the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events. In primary prevention, its application is tailored to high-risk individuals, although careful consideration of bleeding risks is paramount. Yet, aspirin is not immune to scrutiny. Concerns include potential bleeding complications, gastric irritation, and drug interactions. In this evolving landscape, its application aligns with emerging guidelines, fine-tuning its role in CAD management. "Aspirin Unveiled: Shielding Hearts from Coronary Artery Disease" encapsulates aspirin\u27s pivotal stance in cardiovascular protection. As a guardian of platelet activity, it plays a crucial role in curbing CAD\u27s impact, symbolizing hope in the battle for heart health.
Keywords: Coronary artery disease, Heart, Management
Unchain Your Heart: Battling Coronary Artery Disease
Full text linkABSTRACT
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) remains a significant contributor to illness and mortality on a global scale. It is characterized by the gradual narrowing of coronary arteries due to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to a disruption in the blood supply to the heart muscle. This often results in ischemic events such as angina and heart attacks. This summary offers a concise overview of CAD, concentrating on its causes, risk factors, clinical presentation, and contemporary methods of treatment. The development of CAD involves a complex interaction of genetic predisposition, traditional risk factors (such as hypertension and abnormal lipid levels), and lifestyle factors. Despite its subtle beginnings, CAD can show itself through symptoms like angina, breathlessness, or silent ischemia. Early detection is crucial and can be aided by stress tests, coronary angiography, and non-invasive imaging techniques. Approaches to managing CAD encompass adjustments to one\u27s lifestyle, pharmacological interventions, and invasive procedures. Lifestyle changes involve dietary improvements, physical activity, and smoking cessation, all of which have been proven to slow down the progression of CAD. Medications like antiplatelets, statins, and beta-blockers target risk factors and alleviate symptoms. Invasive treatments such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) restore blood flow, leading to better quality of life and increased survival rates. In conclusion, the widespread occurrence of CAD and its clinical implications highlight the importance of proactive prevention and evidence-based treatment. Advances in diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches continue to shape the management of CAD, leading to improved outcomes and instilling optimism in the fight against this challenging cardiovascular condition.
Keywords: Heart, Coronary artery, Lifestyle, medications
Aflatoxins: An Innocent Cause of Lethality in Humans
Full text linkAccording to Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations, approximately one-fourth of the world’s food crops are continuously being contaminated comprehensively by mycotoxins. More than 300 types of mycotoxins are produced by one-fourth of the cereal crops infected. The foodstuffs containing aflatoxins are indiscriminately being consumed by people developing various ailments, diseases and even cancer innocently. Aflatoxins (Afs) have been the most widely studied mycotoxin worldwide. The disease caused by the ingestion of aflatoxins is collectively called aflatoxicosis. They are mostly found in peanuts, mouldy maize grains, rice and perishable dairy products. There are four major types of aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) found in nature mainly produced by the Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Aflatoxin B1 has always been a potent carcinogen classified by the WHO in Group “A” as causing cancer in humans. It induces mutation in the p53 gene to develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. This is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Keeping view in mind the present paper is an attempt to review the research done so far in the field of aflatoxins in humans. The review focuses on occurrence, epidemiology, historical glimpses, chemical nature and the types of aflatoxins, detection and detoxification, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and the treatment of aflatoxicosis in humans.
Keywords: Aflatoxins, Occurrence, Detection, Detoxification, Aflatoxicosis, AFB1,AFB2, AFG1 , AFG2, Hepatocellular Carcinom