Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Perspectives of Medical Students & Teachers Regarding the Use of Different Lecture Methods
Get PDFBackground: Teaching methods used for lectures are mostly teacher-centered and not learner-centered. The method used for lectures is mainly determined by the teacher as per his/her convenience. The students are never asked about the lecture method which helps them in better learning. This can lead to poor understanding by students which in turn may hamper the learning process. Objectives: To find out the perspectives of students & teachers about the use of different lecture methods. Methodology: Views & opinions of 488 medical students & 47 medical teachers of a medical college about different types of teaching methods namely Traditional (chalk and board), over head projector and power point presentation were collected in an observational study with the help of separate questionnaires. Results: Most of the students (51.6%) prefer traditional method for the lectures, 54.9% have better understanding with traditional method (p<0.05), 61.5% students feel that they can concentrate more with traditional method (p<0.05) while 58% students feel that it is easy to note down important points with the help of Power point presentation (p<0.05). Large proportion of teachers (78.7%) prefer Power point presentation for classroom teaching, 76.6% teachers are willing to change to other method of classroom teaching if required, 80.5% teachers would like to have their performance monitored for self evaluation & self improvement. Overhead projector is neither preferred by students nor teacher as a teaching tool. Conclusion: A combination of traditional and power point presentation is preferred by the students for a better teaching-learning process.
Keywords: Lecture; Chalk and talk; Powerpoint
ALARMING SIGNALS OF DRUG ADDICTION AMONG THE SOUTHERN YOUTHS IN BANGLADESH: A SURVEY BASED RESEARCH
Get PDFBackground: Drug addiction is a serious public health crisis which affects almost every sphere in a community in a way or another and this in turn can possibly lead to social disharmony, severe crimes, degraded social status and most possibly physical and mental health deterioration. The sole purpose of our study was aimed to analyze the current awful situation of drug addiction at four different southern cities of Bangladesh. Methods: This cross sectional health based survey was carried out with a self-designed standard questionnaire by manual data collection over a nine months period (12.09.2015 to 10.04.2016) at four adjacent cities Gopalganj, Khulna, Bagerhat and Narail respectively. Total 300 substance abusers were investigated by majorly visiting at their home and sometimes visiting the places where they usually take drugs. Descriptive statistics were applied to the collected data and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. Results: In this cross sectional study we observed that, 82% addicts are predominantly young males mostly between the ages of 10-30. About 48% are addicted by cannabis, 19% and 17% by yaba and phensedyl respectively. In case of first starting of drug use curiosity, surrounding environment were the primary reason and cannabis as their first drug (61%) followed by phensedyl (16%). At least 53% addict\u27s relayed on locality like friends and 30% used local dealers as a main source to collect these abused drugs. Healthy financial support is very important for collecting abused drugs and 30% addicts spend pocket money, 23% job, 20% business source to buy these costly substances. Although it is important to mention that 61% addicts are compromising either physical or psychological complications but it is one of good symptoms to observe that more than 60% of drug addicts are trying to give up addiction forming agents in these days. Conclusion: In recent years drug addiction has significantly increased in the whole world especially in South Asian countries. It must be emphasized as an alarming sign by the government as well as awareness among the peoples are very essential to stop this critical condition from affecting our future young leaders.
Keywords: Drug; Addiction; Youths; Bangladesh
NS1 ANTIGEN DETECTION BY ELISA IN EARLY LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF DENGUE INFECTION
Get PDFIntroduction: Dengue is a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world and it is known for serious life threatening complications. Detection of IgM antibodies forms the mainstay for diagnosis of dengue infection. However, IgM antibodies develop after 4-5 days of infection and there is an urgent need for an alternative diagnostic tools that can detect dengue infection earlier. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of NS1 antigen ELISA for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection in a tertiary care hospital Methods- A total of 2106 serum samples from patients with suspected dengue infection were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibody detection by ELISA. Results: 765 (36.32%) were positive for dengue NS1 antigen and 857 (40.69%) were positive for dengue IgM antibody. NS1 antigen was detectable in patient sera from day 1 onwards however; dengue IgM antibody was detected from day 3 onwards. Out of 765 NS1 antigen positive samples, 562 (73.46%) were positive in acute phase of illness and 203 (26.54%) were positive in convalescent phase of illness. Out of 857 MAC ELISA positive samples, 312 (36.41%) were from acute phase of illness and 545 (63.59%) were from early convalescent phase of illness. Combination of two tests resulted in increase in the positivity rate to 52.66% as against to independent positivity rate of 36.32% of NS1 ELISA and 40.69% of MAC ELISA. Conclusion: Combined use of NS1 antigen assay with MAC ELISA test could significantly improve diagnostic sensitivity of dengue infectio
ETHICAL ISSUES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Get PDFEpidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states and events in populations, and its application to the control of health problems. An epidemiological studies involve the population and as such ethical issues are an important aspect of it which need to be properly understood and adhered to. These issues can relate to informed consent, appropriate sample size, selection of participants, confidentiality, conflict of interest etc. Studies like therapeutic trial have also a lot of ethical issues which differ from issues pertaining to non-therapeutic trials. The source of funding for the study can have implication. Fabrication of data, manipulation during analysis, intentional changes in the result to obtain a pre desired outcome are some grey areas which need to be addressed. Another ethical issue is publication in certain Journals with monetary involvement. Lastly but not the least, authorship also have certain ethical issues. Attention to ethical issues can facilitate the effective planning, implementation, and growth of a variety of public health programs and research activities. Moreover with advancement in Epidemiology like molecular epidemiology, genetic epidemiology etc. the ethical issues become more complicated.
Keywords: Ethics; Epidemiology; Epidemiological studies; Ethical Issues
IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY ON ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES ANALYSIS AFTER CORONARY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY PATIENTS
Get PDFBackground: The patients who have done CABG are prone to pulmonary complications. Various physiotherapy management is present for prevention of lung complication. Literature shows lots of technique as treatment of choice, incentive spirometry is one of them. AIM: To asses immediate effect of incentive spirometry on arterial blood gas analysis in patient recently underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Method: There was 30 patients. Blood was drawn from arterial line for pre-treatment ABG. Incentive spirometry was given 10 reps and 3 sets. Patient was prop up 30-40 degree. Romsons tri colour volume spirometry is used. Mouthpiece was placed in patient\u27s mouth and made a good seal over the mouthpiece with lips. Exhaled through nose normally then breathe in slowly through mouth. Ball in the incentive spirometer will go up. The patient to hold or rise the ball as high as possible and hold it for 3 or 5 seconds the slowly exhale. This was done for 10 to 15 times. Blood was drawn from arterial line for post treatment ABG. Result: There was statistically extremely significant change in value of PaO2 (112.54 ±39.46 vs133.01 ±42.13) p value <0.0001, PaCO2 (38.75 ±4.2 vs 36.9 ±3.7) p value 0.0003 and SaO2 (96.8 ±1.84 vs 98.93 ±1.11) p value <0.0001 Conclusion: This study shows that there is immediate effect of Incentive Spirometry on ABG analysis in CABG surgery patient by significant improvement of PaO2 and SaO2 and decrease in PaCO2.
Keywords: Incentive spirometry; Arterial blood gas analysis; Coronary artery bypass graft surgery
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECTS AND ADVERSE REACTIONS OF LEVOCETIRIZINE, RUPATADINE AND MOMETASONE IN PATIENTS OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS
Get PDFAim: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Rupatadine and mometasone with Levocetirizine which is most commonly used drug. To study the effects of levocetirizine, Rupatadine and mometasone on absolute eosinophil count and IgE levels. Methodology: The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups of 25 patients each and treated as follows: Group I: were treated with Levocetirizine 5mg OD for 14 days, Group II: were treated with Rupatadine 10mg OD for 14 days, Group III: were treated with Mometasone two sprays (50mcg of mometasone in each spray) in each nostril once daily (total daily dose of 200mcg) for 14 days. The patients were asked to report at the hospital after 14 day and they were followed up with regard to clinical improvement of symptoms and signs and any adverse effects as reported by the patient. Rhinoscopy finding, X- ray of para nasal sinus, improvement in symptoms (sneezing, Itching, nasal discharge, nasal blockage and anosmia) Absolute eosinophils count, Serum IgE levels and adverse reports were studied and investigation were compared before and after treatment. Result: Rhinoscope finding showed treatment with mometasone became normal but X- Ray of para nasal sinus results showed levocetirzine showed higher rate of improvement. In improvement of symptoms sneezing, itching and nasal discharge was high mometasone. In all groups post treatment there was no changes in Ig E and Absolute Eosinophils count. ADR reported with mometaxone. Conclusion: The three drugs, levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone were found to have similar levels of efficacy in controlling the symptoms of the allergic rhinitis. The physical signs improved better with mometasone than the other 2 drugs. The 3 drugs levocetirizine, rupatadine and mometasone had no significant effect on the absolute eosinophil count and the serum IgE levels. Adverse effects were found to be more with levocetirizine than the other two drugs. Considering this factor and also the fact that long term use of corticosteroids like mometasone is undesirable, rupatadine appears to be a better choice in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
ACID SENSING ION CHANNELS (ASICS): POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR THE DISCOVERY OF NOVEL THERAPEUTICS IN DISEASE MANAGEMENT
Get PDFAcid sensing ion channels (ASIC) are Na+ channels activated by external protons. Number of neurological (pathological pain, expression of fear, anxiety, depression, and neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke etc) and non -neurological (brain tumor, cardiovascular mechanosensation, hypoxia induced hypertension, glaucoma, etc.) disorders are implicated by various ASICs subtypes. Due to heir known and potential roles in many disease pathologies, it is very authentic to explore the importance of new and selective small molecule inhibitors and even activators of ASICs as a research tool in clinical uses for treating these diseases pathogenesis. This review is aimed to find out the therapeutic potentialities of ASICs argeed novel drugs in contex of their pathophysiological role in human body. Fluorescent dyes and optical sensors as a means of fast and efficient screening approaches would certainly be used to improve he discovery technology of ASICs modulated drugs
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME COMPLICATING DENGUE FEVER
Get PDFGuillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune mediated demyelinating polyradiculo-neuropathy manifesting as ascending paralysis with loss of deep tendon reflexe. It has been seen more commonly as a post infectious complication of Campylobacter jejuni and Cytomegalovirus infection but a rare neurological manifestation of Dengue infection. Here we are presenting such a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome as a complication of Dengue infectio
SERUM CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND POTASSIUM IN ACUTE DIARRHOEA PATIENTS COMING TO PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL
Get PDFIntroduction: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across all age groups and regions of the world. Electrolyte imbalances are very common with the severity of acute diarrhoea. The aim of present study was to study the Serum Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium levels in patients of acute diarrhea. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive longitudinal study carried out in Department of Medicine, of PRH, Loni. Patients of diagnosed of acute diarrhea of age 18 and above of either gender willing to participate by giving written informed consent were included in the study. Patients with history of electrolyte abnormalities, history of chronic gastroenteritis, irritable bowel disease, congestive cardiac failure, liver cirrhosis, renal diseases, history of any disease deranging serum electrolyte levels and those on diuretics or any drugs which causes electrolyte imbalance were excluded from the study. Patients included in the study were subjected to demographic profile and serum electrolytes before and after treatment. Results: 100 patients were included in the study. Male patients were more in number (56) as compared to female patients. Signs of dehydration were present in 70 patients. The patients suffering from hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia were 23, 35, 78 and 84 respectively. Thus electrolyte imbalances are quite common in patients suffering from acute diarrhea. On comparing the serum Calcium, Magnesium and Sodium levels before and after treatment, statistically significant difference was seen. It was not significant for serum Potassium levels. Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalances are quite common in patients suffering from acute diarrhea. The serum electrolytes of patients suffering from acute diarrhea should be routinely examined to rule out electrolyte abnormalities and prompt treatment.
Keywords: Acute diarrhea; Adults; Serum electrolytes
ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY WITH HYPERANDROGENISM IN FEMALES WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME
Get PDFObjective: This study designed to assess the relationship of vitamin D status with clinical features of hyperandrogenism in the young unmarried females Study design: A case control study. The study was carried out in Gynecology and Obstetrics unit of Railway Hospital, Rawalpindi from Oct, 2014 to April, 2015. Materials and Methods: A sample of 100 diagnosed PCOS patients, age range 16-25 years with clinical features of hyperandrogenism were included in this study with their written consent. 25OH Vitamin D Total Elisa Kit was used to assess the levels of Vitamin D. The Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21 and ANOVA test was used to assess the relationship. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Vitamin D levels were tested in PCOS patients presenting clinical features of hyperandrogenism and it is found that there is insignificant relationship present between severity of hypovitaminosis D and hirsutism (P=0.669), acne (P=0.480) and alopecia (P=0.317) among PCOS patients. Conclusion: Although hirsutisim presents itself as the most common feature in PCOS patients (51%), but no significant relationship is found between Hypovitaminosis D and clinical features of hyperandrogenism suggesting insignificant role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients.
Keywords: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; Hyperandrogenism; Vitamin D