Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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Impact of MCCD workshop on knowledge and awareness in post graduate residents at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Get PDFBackground: Medical Certificate of Cause of Death is a vital document, important scientific tool issued by the doctors. It is the physician\u27s primary responsibility to complete the medical certificate of cause of death correctly. Incorrect filling up of the certificate will result in gross errors in legal scrutiny in medico-legal deaths. Method: At the beginning the self-designed, pretested questionnaire open ended was distributed to participants, immediately after distribution pre-test was conducted. After the pre-test an interactive workshop was conducted on the MCCD. After the workshop post test was conducted. Result: There was an increase in the knowledge about who issues death certificates, long form of MCCD, who issues death certificate, maximum period within which you have to inform the registrar office about death in your clinic/hospital, detent dead body until your bills paid, what matter you are going to write on 1a. column and version present available in medical students from 0% to 61%, 30% to 100 %, 0% to 91 %, 0% to 91 %, 70 % to 96 %, 26 % to 87 % and 39 % to 100 % respectively. Conclusion: In the present study there is an improvement in knowledge and awareness in post graduates students after an interactive workshop on the MCCD
Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure and Serum Cortisol Level as Stress Index in Symptomatic HIV/AIDS Male Subjects on Antiretroviral Therapy Negative to Malaria Parasite in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Get PDFBackground: HIV infection is a risk factor for a variety of endocrine problems. Objectives: This study investigated the body mass index (BMI), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and serum cortisol level as stress factor/index symptomatic HIV/AIDS male subjects on ART who are negative to malaria parasite in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 274 adult male participants aged between 18 and 60 (42 ±13) years were randomly recruited at the Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Centre in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital and grouped based on WHO criteria for staging HIV into symptomatic HIV (stage 11) infected male participants on ART (A: n=69), Symptomatic HIV subjects not on ART (B: n= 69), Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects (C: n= 68) and HIV seronegative subjects (D: n= 68). Blood samples were collected from the participants for the determination of HIV status by immunochromatography and HIV confirmation by Western Blot. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to assay for cortisol level. Results: The results showed a significantly increased BMI and decreased mean serum cortisol level in HIV/AIDS seropositive participants on ART than in those, not on ART (p<0.05). Also, the BMI and mean serum cortisol level were significantly decreased and increased respectively in HIV/AIDS seropositive participants not on ART than in Asymptomatic HIV positive subjects and control respectively (p<0.05). However, the mean SBP and DBP did not differ significantly between the groups studied (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a decreased stress index in HIV/AIDS subjects on ART with hypercortisolism and lower BMI in symptomatic HIV participants, not on ART.
Keywords: HIV; AIDS; Malaria uninfected male subjects; Cortisol; Blood pressure; Antiretroviral therapy
Effect of 4 week expiratory muscle strengthening on exercise induced breathlessness in normal adults-a pilot study
No full textBackground: During exercising, the expiratory phase plays an equally important role in improving the endurance as it helps in reducing the exercise-induced breathlessness, therefore this study aims at specifically strengthening the expiratory muscles so as to study the effect of expiratory muscle strengthening on exercise-induced breathlessness
Aims and objectives: To evaluate the effect of 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strengthening on exercise-induced breathlessness in normal individuals.
Methodology: The clearance from the ethical committee was obtained. Subjects were then screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria . 13 Eligible subjects were then enrolled for the study. Written consent was obtained from the subjects before conducting the study. A pilot study was carried out on a total of 13 subjects ranging in the age group of 20-35yrs, where pre-intervention the Maximum Expiratory Pressure(MEP) and 1.5mile walk distance was calculated after which the subjects underwent a 4 week intervention protocol using Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainer 150 ( EMST-150) where the subjects performed 25 training breaths in one session where there were a total of 5 sessions in a day, 5days/week for a total of 4 weeks. Post the intervention the MEP and 1.5mile walk values were recalculated and compared to check for the difference.
Result: A total of 13 patients were analyzed for outcome MEP and 1.5mile walk test. Data were analyzed in terms of the mean difference. Statistically significant change was seen in the MEP and 1.5 mile walk test values post-intervention, i.e at the end of 4 weeks, where the values obtained were, MEP : pre – 77.537 ±13.67 and post – 88.063 ±18.39 with a p-value of 0.0019 , 1.5 mile walk(vo2max.) : pre – 35.810 ±14.56 and post – 39.810 ±11.8 with a p-value of 0.0038 and RPE: pre – 3.80 ±0.5 and post – 1.7 ±0.5 with a p-value of 0.0057 , thereby proving a statically significant improvement in the outcome measures.
Conclusion: The study concludes that Expiratory muscle strengthening improves the maximum expiratory strength thereby reducing the exercise-induced breathlessness leading to an improvement in the endurance level
EFFECT OF YOGURT INTAKE ON PLASMA GLUCOSE AND SERUM LIPID PROFILE IN APPARENTLY HEALTHY STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, NNEWI, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.
Get PDFThis study was designed to investigate the effect of oral intake of yogurt on plasma glucose and serum lipid profile levels (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein) in apparently healthy students. A total of 30 subjects (16 males and 14 females) were recruited to serve as both test and control groups. Each subject was advised to abstain from milk and similar probiotic food consumption for three weeks. Baseline samples (after an overnight fast and 2 hours postprandial after oral intake of carbohydrate meal) were collected from both males and females at day 0 as control samples, and levels of glucose and lipid profile were evaluated. Subsequently, in addition to their normal diet, each of the subjects received 100ml of yoghurt daily for 21 days. After an overnight fast, post research (test 1stand 2nd) samples (fasting blood sample and 2 hours postprandial after oral intake of carbohydrate meal) were collected on days 11 and 22 respectively and the levels of glucose and lipid profile were re-evaluated. Blood glucose and lipid concentrations were determined using standard methods. There were a significant increase in mean serum triglyceride (TG) value 11days following yogurt intake (intermediate consumption) when compared to the baseline level (0.63±0.15 Vs 0.53±0.19; p<0.05). Also, there was a significant decrease in mean serum TG value 21 days following yogurt intake (post-consumption) when compared to baseline and intermediate levels (0.50±0.19 Vs 0.53±0.19 and 0.50±0.19 Vs0.63±0.15; p<0.05) respectively. There were a significant increase in mean serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) value 21days following yogurt intake when compared to day 11 (intermediate consumption) and baseline levels (1.36±0.34 Vs 1.14±0.24 and 1.36±0.34 Vs 0.99±0.19; p<0.05) respectively. Also, there was a significant increase in mean serum total cholesterol (TC) value 21 days following yoghurt intake when compared to day 11 and baseline levels (p<0.05) respectively. The low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level remained unchanged 11 and 21 days following yoghurt intake (p>0.05). There was a significant increase in the mean blood glucose level (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study has shown that the lipid profile and blood glucose levels in individuals consuming yogurt may experience significant alterations which may have important clinical implications in the management of diabetes. Further studies may be necessary for understanding the mechanism behind these effects.
Keywords: Yogurt; Probiotics; Diabetes mellitus; Cardiovascular disease; Glucose; Lipid profile
PARENTAL PERCEPTION OF LOW IQ FACTS OR FICTION: RETROSPECTIVE DATA FROM CLINIC IN SEMI RURAL MAHARASHTRA
Get PDFObjective: To study the association between physical and psychological problems perceived by parents and the IQ of their children. Methods: We studied 981 children in the child development center at Ahmednagar. Median age at followup was 7.8y (Q25=5.6y and Q75=10.4y, Babies underwent IQ evaluation by Binet Kamat scale (n=981); also their physical and psychological problems perceived by parents were documented. We categorized children into 4 categories using a number of problems (physical and psychological separately) viz 1 (no problem), 2 (1 problem), 3 (2 problems), 4 (>2 problems). When we looked at physical problem data, 555 (56.6%) had no problem, 251 (25.6%) had 1, 117 (11.9%) had 2, and the remaining 58 (5.9%) had more than 2. For psychological problems like not interested in studies, speech problems don\u27t remember, don\u27t understand, cannot concentrate, fears, etc. The distribution was 221 (22.5%), 212 (21.6%), 222 (22.6%) and 326 (33.3%) respectively. Result: The increasing trend of mean IQ for physical problem parameters from nil to >2 categories and decreasing prevalence of low IQ using the Binet Kamat scale were not significant. However, for psychological problems, the decreasing and statistically significant trend (p=0.000) was present for mean IQ, and a significant increasing trend (p=0.029) for the prevalence of low IQ was observed. Conclusion: Psychological problems were associated with IQ. Numbers of problems were inversely correlated with IQ.
Keywords: Parental Perception; Low IQ; Behavioral Problems; Physical Problems
APPLICATION OF MOBILE PHONE-BASED PORTABLE MICROSCOPY IN CLINICAL HISTOPATHOLOGY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Get PDFObjectives: To check the feasibility of using mobile phone-based microscopy for various types of human histopathological sample investigations. Methodology: A feasibility study was performed by imaging several histopathological samples with one novel type of microscope "Foldscope" and image compared with a conventional microscope in the laboratory facility. The image acquired from both sources were edited further and put together for comparison. Results: Mobile phone- based microscope acquired images were observed and compared with a conventional microscope and found morphology of the tissue sections were significantly similar as of conventional light microscope images. Conclusion: By comparing the image of some non-human histopathological sample, it could be stated that this method is also feasible for human histopathological sample investigations, especially in the low resource area or in case of emergency situations.
Keywords: Mobile phone-based microscopy; Histopathology; Microscopy; Imaging
CLINICO-INVESTIGATIVE PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC FOOT IN A RURAL TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF MAHARASHTRA
Get PDFIntroduction: The present study was aimed to study clinic-investigative profile of foot lesions in diabetics in patients presenting in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in 50 patients carried out over a period of 2 years. Patients, irrespective of their age and gender, admitted in the inpatient department of surgery with Diabetes mellitus having foot problem and consenting for taking part in the study were included. All patients were evaluated by taking detailed history, clinical examination and necessary investigation done. Results: Most patients present with diabetic foot lesion were in 7th decade of life. females were more commonly affected with male to female ratio 1:1.5. Ulcer was the common lesion seen here which was present in 24(48%) patients while abscess seen in 3 (6%) patients, was the least common lesion. There were many anaemic patients (74%) in current study. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest grown organism form the pus sample of foot lesions. Of the 50 patients, only 24 (48%) were known diabetics. Also, 18 (36%) patients were known smokers, 12 (24%) were alcoholic. Most patients (35 i.e, 70%) walked bare foot while only 15(30%) patients were using footwear. Cardiovascular diseases were common (10 i.e, 20%) associated conditions. Peripheral neuropathy was present in 21 (42%) patients. On staging the patients according to Wagner staging, most of the patients belonged to stage III (23) and IV (14). Doppler study in select patients revealed that 8 (16%) patients were detected as impaired blood flow in peripheral vessels, 3(6%) patients showed complete stenosis and 5(10%) patients showed partial stenosis. Conclusion: Diabetic foot lesions were common in elderly patients. The most common presentation of foot lesions was ulcer. The foot lesions were associated with poor blood sugar control, peripheral neuropathy, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, smoking and alcohol addiction. Most patients belonged to Wagner stages III and IV. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest grown organism form the pus sample of foot lesions .
Keywords: Foot lesions; Diabetes mellitus; Staphylococcus aureus; Cardiovascular diseases
ASSESSMENT OF IONIZED CALCIUM STATUS IN FEBRILE SEIZURES
Get PDFIntroduction: Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the brain1. One of every ten people will have at least one epileptic seizure during a normal lifespan, and a third of these will develop epilepsy. In children the most common forms of convulsion are febrile seizures. Water electrolyte imbalance occurs during acute febrile illness and hypocalcaemia is one of them. Hypocalcaemia is also present in cases of seizures. To find out significance of calcium levels in cases of seizures this study was conducted.
Aims and objectives: To assess the level of ionized calcium in cases of febrile seizure.
Methods: This Case - Control study was conducted on fifty cases of febrile seizures and fifty age, weight matched controls at Department of Biochemistry, Varun Arjun Medical College, Shahjahanpur,U.P., India.
Results: Mean ionized calcium level was 4.62 ±0.26mg/dl and 4.88 ±0.27 mg/dl in study and control groups respectively and this difference was found statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings suggest that a considerable percentage of children having febrile seizures suffer from calcium deficiency
IS THERE ANY SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE, SEX, BMI, CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN DYSPEPSIA?
Get PDFIntroduction: Dyspepsia is a common complaint in clinical practice and is present in various clinical dilemmas. Though dyspeptic patient show wide spectrum of symptoms, some are found to have structural cause and others have functional cause. Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia: and also assess correlation of H. Pylori infection with endoscopic findings. Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at tertiary care centre from July 2015 to September 2017 on total 114 cases presented with dyspepsia after considering specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was carried out. All patients underwent oesophagogastroduodeno (OGD) scopy. Two endoscopic mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for rapid urease test (RUT). Results: No correlation was observed between prevalence of dyspepsia and age, sex or body mass index (BMI). In majority of patients clinically suspected findings were confirmed on endoscopy. Majority of patients were found to have structural findings on endoscopy. In most of the subjects with positive endoscopy findings in stomach and/or duodenum had H. pylori infection. Demographic factors like smoking, alcohol, excessive consumption of coffee or tea, NSAIDs or aspirin use were found to have influencing effects on prevalence of dyspepsia. Conclusion: Structural dyspepsia is more common in our study than functional dyspepsia. Significant correlation was observed between clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia.
Keywords: Dyspepsia; Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy; H. pylori; Gastroesophageal reflux disease
FRUIT ENZYMES AND THEIR APPLICATION: A REVIEW
Get PDFFruit refers to the edible part of the plant consisting of seeds & its covering, which includes pulp fruits, dry fruits, grains, nuts, herbs etc. Enzymes are those proteins, which acts as catalyst within the living cells. Catalysts are substances which increases the rate of reaction without being a part of it or permanently altered themselves. In this paper, we have discussed about enzyme i.e. papain, ficain, bromelain, and lipoxygenase. During the discussion, we have detailed explained about enzymes with their origin, extraction process and their application in food and other industry.
Keywords: Papain; Enzymes; Fruits; Catalyst