Sumathi Publications (E-Journals)
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOPICAL BETAXALOL AND TIMOLOL FOR THEIR EFFICACY AND SIDE EFFECTS
Get PDFPurpose: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is one such field in Ophthalmology where ophthalmologists have failed to stop blindness due to it. All the available treatment modalities are directed towards the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) but without interfering the basic aetiopathogenesis. In this study we propose to study efficacy, potency and adverse effects of topical Timolol and Betaxalol in primary open angle glaucoma. Methodology: A comparative study of topical Betaxalol 0.5% and Timolol 0.5% in the management of POAG was conducted at Tertiary care hospital. Fifty patients of newly diagnosed POAG of different age, sex, religion from both urban and rural population attending eye OPD were included in this study. 25 patients were treated with topical Timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution BD and 25 patients were treated with topical 0.5% Betaxalol hydrochloride phthalmic solution BD. At 20 weeks follow up IOP levels n both the groups measured by applanation tonometer were compare to each other. Results: In this study a total of 50 patients with POAG were studied. 25 patients were treated with Timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution and 25 patients were treated with 0.5% Betaxalol hydrochloride ophthalmic solution. Out of 50 patients, 29 (58%) were male and 21(42%) were female patients. POAG was most common in the age group of 51-60 years with average age 51.50 (S.D. 9.8) years. Average age in males was 54.50 years, while in female it was 49.31 years. Conclusion: both Timolol and Betaxalol are effective in decreasing IOP in POAG patients. The magnitude of Timolol in decreasing IOP is more as compared to Betaxalol. The selective beta 1 adrenergic inhibition of Betaxalol provides an added benefit for those patients in whom beta 2 blockade could be harmful
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING MOBILE PHONE-BASED PORTABLE MICROSCOPE
Get PDFObjectives: To check the feasibility of using the mobile phone-based microscope for blood cell counting from human blood histological sample. Methodology: A feasibility study was performed by imaging blood histology samples with one novel type of microscope "Foldscope" and image compared with a conventional microscope in the laboratory facility. The image acquired from both modalities were processed further and compared and analyzed. Results: Mobile phone-based microscope acquired images were observed and compared with a conventional microscope and found the blood cell counting feasibility and morphology analysis of the blood histology sample were significantly similar as of conventional light microscope images. Conclusion: By comparing the image from both microscopes, it could be stated that this method is feasible for human blood histopathological sample investigations like blood cell counting and morphology analysis especially in the low resource area or in case of any emergency situations
PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE AS A PREDICTOR MARKER IN HYPOTHYROID PATIENTS
Get PDFIntroduction: Hypothyroidism is due to decreased circulating levels of Thyroid hormones and is caused by inadequate functioning of thyroid gland. Pseudocholinesterase (PCHE) is a nonspecific cholinesterase enzyme that hydrolyses choline based esters in plasma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum level of PCHE in hypothyroid patients. Methodology: The present study was conducted on 100 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients attending the Medical OPD. The results of patients were compared with 100 healthy controls of either sex of similar age group. Anthropometric measurements, T3, T4, TSH, PCHE & Cholesterol estimations were performed. Results: The mean serum PCHE (decrease) level was observed statistically highly significant (p<0.001) in hypothyroid patients as compared with healthy control subjects. A highly significant positive correlation between PCHE with T3 & T4 (p< 0.001) in hypothyroid cases. Conclusion: Serum Pseudocholinesterase may be helpful as biomarker in screening test for hypothyroidism along with thyroid stimulating hormone
MYCOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIFUNGAL SENSITIVITY OF INFECTIVE KERATITIS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN ODISHA
Get PDFBackground: Infective keratitis is the second major cause of blindness next to cataract. Mycotic keratitis is an important ophthalmologic problem especially in developing countries including India. Fungal infection involving cornea is a fatal condition which needs early diagnosis and treatment to save the patient\u27s eye. Though studies on mycotic keratitis have been reported from different part of India, to the best of our knowledge this study showing antifungal susceptibility is the first to be reported from Southern Odisha. Objective: The purpose of this study was to study epidemiological characteristics, predisposing factors, fungal etiology and antifungal susceptibility of common fungal isolates in infective keratitis cases. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted from November 2015 to October2017 in the Department of Microbiology and Ophthalmology M.K.C.G Medical College and Hospital. Relevant information was recorded using standard proforma of keratitis cases. Corneal scrapings were collected under strict aseptic conditions and subjected to10% KOH mount, Gram stain and culture. Identification of fungal agents were done as per standard microbiological procedures. An antifungal sensitivity test was done by microbroth dilutions as per CLSI reference method. Results: Over a period of two years 149 patients of infective keratitis were evaluated. Microbiological diagnosis of mycotic keratitis was established in 39 (26.17%) cases. Filamentous fungi were isolated more often than yeasts. The most frequently encountered filamentous fungi and yeasts were Aspergillus spp. 14(35.89%) and Candida albicans 7 (17.94%) respectively. Males were more commonly affected and were mostly in the age group of 46-60 years. Ocular trauma due to vegetative matter was the most common predisposing factor. Natamycin was the most effective antifungal against filamentous fungi and amphotericin B was most effective for Candida albicans. Conclusion: Because of serious consequences of mycotic keratitis, it is very important to know the exact etiological agents and effective antifungals to save the eye of the patients. So laboratory confirmation should be undertaken and fungal infection should be ruled out before prescribing antimicrobial agents
Utility Of Salivary CA-125 And LDH As Tumor Markers In Oral Malignancy
Get PDFBackground: The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. This study attempts to use saliva as the diagnostic medium to determine the correlation of salivary CA 125 and LDH in tobacco users with and without potentially malignant disorders. Changes in CA 125 and LDH level can be used as a marker in patients with and without premalignant disease and can be used as a deterrent in continuation of the habit. Aims: To assess the role of CA 125 & LDH as a tumour marker in Oral cancer patients. Materials and methods: Cross sectional observational study .Time period: December 2015 to August 2017. Study area: OPD of tertiary care hospital in pune. Total participants: 150 persons. Under non-stimulatory conditions whole saliva sample was collected from each individual and was centrifuged. The resulting supernatant was used for estimation of CA 125 and LDH levels. Results: In present study, mean Salivary LDH level was found to be lowest among cases of healthy individuals while it was highest among individuals who were diagnosed and underwent treatment for malignancy. However there was insignificant difference seen between levels of diagnosed case of oral malignancy and the ones who underwent treatment for oral malignancy. Also mean Salivary CA-125 was lowest in healthy individuals and highest in individuals diagnosed with oral malignancy and the levels were seen to be reduced significantly in the one who underwent treatment for oral malignancies than those who didn\u27t. Conclusion: Salivary CA 125 and LDH has a role in early detection of oral malignancies and can be used as a diagnostic marker. However LDH levels are persistently raised even after treatment for oral malignancy
Utilization Pattern Study Of Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus In Diabetic Outpatient Care
No full textThe Aim of the present study is to analyze prescription pattern of the antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study included 620 T2DM out patients aged between 31 to 60 years. Sociodemographic data included mean age, educational status, marital status, duration of diabetes mellitus and BMI. Women (54.8%) shared higher percentage in study population. Metformin (44.1%) was prescribed significantly in higher cases than other antihyperglycemic drugs. Glimepiride (30%) is second most common drug prescribed in monotherapy followed by glibenclamide (9.3%), gliclazide (6.6%) in treatment of T2DM. The prescription pattern study of antihyperglycemic drugs in T2DM can serve as a guide to clinicians to select the monotherapy drug, combination drugs and insulin preparations. The findings of current study also help to the pharmaceutical companies to understand the percentage of utilization of antidiabetic drugs before developing and marketing any new drug
PARASITIC ENTEROPATHOGENS IN HIV SEROPOSITIVE PATIENTS IN RELATION TO CD4 COUNT AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Get PDFBackground: Parasitic Entero pathogens causing diarrhoea is considered as one of the major health problems in HIV infected patients especially those with AIDS. The knowledge of prevalence of these pathogens in a particular area can guide clinicians to provide early clinical management in HIV-associated diarrhea. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to study the prevalence of parasitic enteropathogens and compare the intestinal parasitic pathogens in HIV infected diarrhoeal (acute and chronic) and in HIV infected non diarrheal patients and to elucidate the relation between CD4 counts and intestinal parasitic infections Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between Nov 2016 and November 2017 in the Department of Microbiology. Stool samples from 105 HIV seropositive cases with diarrhea and without diarrhea were examined by routine parasitological laboratory procedures. CD4 testing was done to know the CD4 cell count. Results: Out of 105 cases of HIV seropositive cases 15 cases had acute diarrhea, 66 cases had chronic diarrhea and 24 HIV seropositive cases were without diarrhea. Enteric pathogens were detected in 48 (45.7%) number of patients. Isospora sp. was the most common parasite. Other parasites included Ancylostoma duodenale and Entamoeba histolytica. The diarrheal HIV-positive patients had lower mean CD4 counts as compared to those without diarrhea. Conclusions: Identification of the etiological agent of diarrhea in patients with HIV/ AIDS is very important as it can help in the initiation of appropriate therapy which helps in reduction of morbidity and mortality in these patients.Keywords: Prevalence; Enteric parasites acute; Chronic Diarrhea; HIV; CD4 count
Evaluation of Immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in rats
Get PDFBackground: The immune system is intrinsic to health. Modulation of the immune responses to alleviate the diseases by using herbal plants has been of interest for many years. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid saponin mainly present in the seeds of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and in the root tubers of wild yams (Dioscorea villosa). Activation of specific and nonspecific immunity results in stimulation of immune response. Diosgenin has the positive effects on both specific and nonspecific immunity. Aim: To study the immunomodulatory activity of Diosgenin in albino wistar rats. Method: The suspension of Diosgenin was given orally at the dosage level of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg for 21 days in a rat. The immunomodulatory activity on specific and non-specific immunity was studied by heamagglutination antibody (HA) titer, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response and carbon clearance test. Immunosuppression in a rat was induced by using Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, p.o.). Sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) were used as antigen (0.1ml 20% SRBCs). Result: Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in the production of antibody titer in response to SRBC antigen. A significant increase in both primary and secondary HA titer was observed in immunosuppressed group treated with Diosgenin when compared with negative control. A significant increase in the DTH response was observed in immunosuppressed animals treated with Diosgenin, pre-sensitized with SRBCs antigen. Diosgenin exhibited significant increase in phagocytic index against control group, indicating the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. Conclusion: The study indicates that Diosgenin triggers stimulatory effect on specific and nonspecific immune response. The immunostimulant effect of Diosgenin could be attributed due to its saponin glycoside
GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES ON HEALTH: EVIDENCES, RELEVANCE AND IMPLICATIONS IN THE MODERN CONTEXT OF HEALTH
Get PDFMohan Das Karamchand Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi is one of the greatest visionaries who is known for his anti-imperialistic views and strong political strategies. Right from his childhood till his last breath, he had a keen interest in practising medicine. In spite of the odds going against him to pursue a formal medical degree, he practiced medicine throughout his life. He recommended and followed strict principles on health that have valid scientific coherence. The objective of this article is to describe his principles on health and analyse it in the light of scientific literature. Vocational medical practice formed a major part of his activities in parallel to his political reforms. His service at Sevagram and his role in the lives of many sick are quiet evident. Gandhi believed in the power of will and hence emphasised on psychological support and reformation as the foremost principle. He followed and recommended natural therapy like- mud cures, fasting and Citrus diet. Throughout his life he strongly emphasised strict palatal control and regular physical exercises which would address the vast magnitude of non-communicable diseases today. He believed fasting not only as a political strategy but also as a therapy for many illnesses. He also recommended occasional fasting for healthy individuals. He followed chastity and believed it to be an important factor for physical and mental well-being. His views on euthanasia are controversial. Following Gandhian health principles will build a healthy human and thence a healthy nation.
Keywords: Gandhian views; Natural cure; Palatal control; Fasting; Vegetarianism; Euthanasia
Role of Antioxidants in Male Reproduction: Review
Get PDFTo counter oxidative stress, cells constitutively express enzymes that detoxify the reactive oxygen species and repair the damage. An antioxidant is any substance that when present at low concentrations compared to those of an oxidizable substrate significantly delays or prevents oxidation of that substrate. The antioxidant enzymes are major cell defense against acute oxygen toxicity. The functions of these antioxidant enzymes are to protect the membrane and cytosolic components against damage caused by free radicals. Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, glutathione-s-transferase, catalase, xanthine oxidase. Amongst a variety of antioxidants; vitamin E antioxidant use is essential because it travels through the body in molecules called lipoproteins and protect them from oxidation. For Many years, vitamin E considered as an anti-sterility factor. In the male reproductive system, vitamin C is known to protect spermatogenesis, and it plays a major role in semen integrity and fertility in men. It increases testosterone levels and prevents sperm agglutination. It is an important chain-breaking antioxidant, contributing up to 65 % of the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma found intracellularly and extracellularly. N-Acetyl cysteine reacts with highly oxidizing radicals such as ˙OH, ˙NO2, CO3˙‑, and also bind redox-active metal ions. Thiosl can also afford radioprotection through the donation of reducing equivalents.
Keywords: Antioxidants; Male fertility; Sperm quality