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L'agriculture face à la croissance métropolitaine : le cas des exploitations fruitières de Groslay et Deuil-Ia-Barre dans la grande banlieue nord de Paris
Get PDFRural space in metropolitan regions : two intensive fruitgrowing communes near Paris The topic of this study is concerned with the effe.ct of urban development upon selected aspects of farm structure. Agriculturally, Deuil la Barre and Groslay are intensive fruitgrowing communes, but at the same time, have been undergoing piecemeal urban development for several decades, a phenomenon which has increased in the area and its environs since the mid 50's. Firstly, a brief description of the pertinent characteristics of the region and its history is given. Then, largely from information gleaned from a questionnaire survey in 1967/68, the major changes in agricultural structure in the post-war period are identified and discussed in the light of the forces of urbanisation present in this period. The accent is placed on changes in farm size and changes in the locational structure of new orchard land. Hypotheses are developed which link the urban development factor to the profitability of agricultural investment, and thereby to the locational structure of new orchards. The hypotheses are tested, and generally supported, by detaVed analysis using standard statistical techniques appropriate to two-dimensional distributions. Finally some comments are made on the redevance of the findings of this analysis to the planning of rural space in metropolitan regions
Les progrès techniques dans le secteur porcin belge (1950-1970)
Get PDFThe technical progress in the Belgian pig sector, 1950-70 - This paper analyses the nature and impacts of technology on the Belgian pig sector for the last twenty years, so as the improvements which have resulted from it. Two types of progress are studied : (a) biological progress (genetics, nutrition, health...) which have an impact on physiology of animals and which have been materialized mainly by an higher rate of growth, a better meat quality on slaughter pigs and a higher rate of fertility of the breeding sows ; (b) mechanical progress, consisting in the repTa- cement of handwork by mechanical processes, have considerably increased the productivity of labor. In conclusions, the Government has financed a growing part of research expenses, which have been highly profitable
Les choix actuels de l'Association nationale de développement agricole (ANDA). Discussion par M. Cormoreche et J. Rebischung
Get PDFAnda is facing basic choices - Briefly outlined in this note, are some seven major issues, presently confronting ANDA (French equivalent of Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services), in an attempt to more clearly define its activity and to point out ways to improve its efficiency. The main choice is made in deliberately selecting development oriented programs, a broader approach than the traditional « technical advice » to farmers. These fundamental options give the trend of choices to be made in ANDA new policy, such as : delegating further responsabilities to farmers in planning and funding their own development activities ; combining cohesion and diversification of human and material ressources ; increasing participation of all concerned, especially during the selection of aims and means. Finally, ANDA is expected to constantly improve cooperation between its associates, the Government Departments concerned (Agriculture and Treasury), the major French farm organisations and the farmers themselves
Evolution des principaux systèmes de production agricole de 1967 à 1970 et disparités de revenus
Get PDFThe data provided by the general census of 1970 have been once more examined according to the classification system used by the E.E.C. accountancy system. The criterion of a nature of production of farm businesses » has been added to the usual criteria of region and area of farms. The comparison of these resuhs with those given by a special analysis of the 1967 E.E.C. study of the structure of farms, provides a means of analysing certain structural changes and changes in production between these two dates. This analysis shows up a tendancy towards a greater specialization of the production systems, towards general farming at the expense of combined crop-growing and stock breeding, with specialized cattlebreeding horticulture and viticulture accounting for about the same proportion. In general, combined types of farming (characterized by at least two principal activities) are considerably reduced in number, whereas pig and poultry breeding have known a spectacular increase. The reasons for these developments are being sought, in the light of the economic results measured since 1968 in the sample of farms used by the E.E.C. accountancy system. The generally accepted hypothesis to explain this is that the heads of farm businesses react according to their economic situation and that the great differences in income in French farming explain the lack of interest for certain forms of farming and the greater interest for certain others. This being so, quite apart from those fields where the farmer has no choice. There seems to be a quite definite link (in spite of the gaps in this sample and in spite of a certain inaccuracy in stratification) between the changes that have taken place and the 'eve/ of the gross income of the average farm during this period, in the different types of farm-businesses defined by their total area and their technico-economic specialization
