The University of Kansas: Journals@KU
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First records of the Black False Boa, Pseudoboa nigra (Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril 1854) (Squamata: Dipsadidae), in Peru
Get PDFFirst report of scavenging in an Oriental Ratsnake, Ptyas mucosa, (Linnaeus 1758) (Squamata: Colubridae), from West Bengal, India
Get PDFRacial Capitalism and the Imperial Germany’s African Schutzgebiete
No full textRacial Capitalism — a social theory first proposed by Cedric Robinson in his 1984 treatise Black Marxism, but now experiencing a rhetorical resurgence — has already served as a useful frame of historical analysis, mostly applied to the cases of the United States and Great Britain; as of yet it has not been applied to Germany. This paper uses the theoretical framework of racial capitalism to clarify how the German Empire integrated the African Schutzgebiete into capitalist society by imposing a racial-social-hierarchy. Through imperial socio-economic engineering, native Africans were relegated to positions as propertyless, menial labourers. Furthermore, the boundaries between Weiß and Schwarz — Europäern and Eingeborene — in the Schutzgebiete were constantly in flux to accommodate continued labour needs. Racial (re)categorisation in the Kaiserreich reveals that socio-economic status was fundamental to determining race, and emphasises the necessity of including socio-economic status in any historical discussion of the race within the Schutzgebiete. The analysis offered here-in borrows from traditional historical materialism, from Robinson, and from contemporary critics and advocates of historical Marxism in order to broaden racial capitalism’s utility as a theoretical framework for socio-economic historical analysis of capitalist societies globally.
On Strike, Shut It Down: the Past, Present, and Future of Africana Studies
Get PDFThis paper explores the history of Black Studies, which began as a result of student protest movements--spurred on by the student strike at San Francisco State College in 1968--and spread across the country to hundreds of colleges and universities. Black students everywhere sought control over their education, including at the Claremont Colleges, a small consortium of liberal arts colleges located in Southern California. The mobilization on behalf of Black students at the Claremont Colleges, and the subsequent administrative attempts to not only block the creation of a Black Studies department, but to delegitimize the department after its founding, tells a compelling, though seldom-known story about the character of Africana Studies. Uncovering this history through various archival documents helps to illustrate a path forward for the discipline, both at the Claremont Colleges and elsewhere. In particular, looking back to the past can help reorient towards a more radical, liberatory future by preparing students to center their academics around community organizing and Black freedom, just as Black students did in the 1960s
Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies to Overcome Enzalutamide Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Get PDFEnzalutamide, a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, has significantly improved outcomes for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, resistance to enzalutamide remains a significant clinical hurdle, driven by diverse mechanisms, including AR amplification, point mutations, and splice variants such as AR-V7, which sustain signaling despite AR inhibition. In parallel, bypass pathways, including glucocorticoid receptor activation, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, noncanonical Wnt activation, and lineage plasticity, contribute to AR-independent resistance. Nonetheless, the tumor microenvironment also plays a vital role in fostering immune evasion and suppressing cytotoxic immune responses. This review summarizes the current understanding of these resistance mechanisms and highlights emerging strategies to overcome them, including combination therapies targeting DNA repair (e.g., PARP inhibitors), epigenetic reprogramming (e.g., EZH2 inhibitors), and immune escape (e.g., checkpoint blockade or fulvestrant). Ongoing clinical trials and drug repurposing efforts, such as the use of artesunate or masofaniten, offer promising avenues for combating resistance. Ultimately, a precision medicine framework that integrates molecular diagnostics, biomarker-guided interventions, and rational drug combinations is essential to improve outcomes for patients with enzalutamide-resistant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
Cost Burden of Cancer Screening in Kansas by Region and Rural/Urban Designation
Get PDFIntroduction. In 2022, the U.S. healthcare expenditure totaled 595 to 2,247 for colonoscopies, 228 for mammograms.
Conclusions. These disparities call for targeted policy interventions, such as Medicaid expansion, standardized pricing regulations, and increased support for low-cost clinics. Enhanced hospital pricing transparency is critical for empowering patients and reducing financial burdens. This study highlights the urgent need for equitable access to cancer screenings in Kansas.
Protein coding circular RNAs in Human Diseases
Get PDFCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a unique class of closed-loop RNA molecules formed through back-splicing of precursor mRNAs that exhibit diverse biological functions. Recent evidence highlights their emerging roles as protein-coding entities, particularly in cancer biology. This review explores the cap-independent translation mechanisms of circRNAs, focusing on internal ribosome entry sites and N6-methyladenosine modifications. We further summarize the biological roles of circRNA-encoded proteins and their relevance to human diseases. Additionally, the review addresses key challenges in circRNA research and provides perspectives on their promising potential in disease diagnosis and therapeutic applications
CRISPR-Cas12: A Versatile Tool for Genome Editing and Beyond
Get PDFCRISPR-Cas systems are emerging gene editing toolkits that have been used for the manipulation of DNA and RNA, among which CRISPR-Cas12 demonstrates superior properties in terms of target DNA engineering in vivo compared to CRISPR-Cas9 as well as nucleic acid detection compared to CRISPR-Cas13. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and emerging applications of CRISPR-Cas12-based technologies is critical for maximizing their benefits across various fields, including basic science, medicine, and food safety. In this study, we review the molecular features of both natural and engineered CRISPR-Cas12 compared to CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas13, and we provide an overview of established CRISPR-Cas12-based genome editing and diagnostic platforms. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages, challenges, and prospects for future directions of CRISPR-Cas12 in gene editing and nucleic acid detection
Examining Racial Segregation in Montessori Schools: A National Analysis of Enrollment Patterns and Sector Differences
Get PDFThis study examines racial enrollment patterns in Montessori schools across the United States and evaluates how these schools relate to broader patterns of school segregation. Using a national dataset of public and private Montessori and non-Montessori schools, we analyze Montessori programs’ racial composition, demographic alignment with surrounding districts and neighborhoods, and contribution to within-district segregation. We estimate 37 percent of Montessori students are Black or Hispanic, with notable variation across school sectors. Further, we find Black or Hispanic students are underrepresented in many Montessori schools as compared to school district averages. Our multivariate analyses suggest Montessori schools contribute slightly more to within-district segregation than do non-Montessori schools, primarily due to enrollment patterns in private Montessori schools. Though Montessori education emphasizes inclusivity and cultural responsiveness, variation in enrollment patterns suggests access remains uneven across school sectors. This study examines the relationship between school choice, segregation, and the Montessori model, providing a baseline for evaluating current efforts to improve accessibility and inclusivity in Montessori schools nationwide