Ateneo de Manila University: Journals Online
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Laudato Si’ and the Papal View of Ecological Debt: An Empirical Exploration
Get PDFIn 2015, Pope Francis released his second papal encyclical, Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home (Francis, 2015), the central idea of which is the Holy Father’s concern for the future of our planet, our common home, and to seek sustainable and integral development. The purpose of this article is to examine critically and empirically the specific notion of ecological debt as described in the encyclical (Francis, 2015: 51 and 52), beginning with a historical background on the origins and use of the term. We then touch upon the Pope’s discussion of ecological debt and his indictment of multinational corporations (MNCs) in Laudato Si’, which resonate with the so-called pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) which states that pollutionintensive industries in developed countries relocate their “dirty” industries to developing countries with relatively lax environmental regulations. In a similar vein, we propose that a rise in total greenhouse gases is associated with the resource extraction and commodity export-based activities of MNCs in developing countries where such activities and their resultant pollution are subject to less stringent regulations due to imperatives for economic growth. This creates an ecological debt when commodity exports from developing countries to more developed ones come at the cost of the environment in the former. Our article thus connects Laudato Si’ with PHH, enabling us to examine empirically the Pope’s statement that the “export of raw materials to satisfy markets in the industrialized North has caused harm locally” (Francis, 2015: 51)
Leadership, Vision, & Reflection: Applying Ignatian Concepts to Develop Transformational Leaders with a Select Application to Sustainability
Get PDFJesuit business schools have an obligation to develop ethical transformational leaders who seek a just and humane world. Whether it is addressing the needs of social justice or leading change to advance sustainability, these institutions have a unique ability to apply Ignatian concepts in developing responsible leaders. This article examines these concepts, including the insight of reflection, the gift from empowering others, the strength from building trust, and the rewards of silent servant leadership to help others rise.In examining the “modeling” of successful leaders, we will look at how the transparency of leadership is essential to lead change in areas such as social justice and sustainability. We will consider, for example, how Jesuitvalued education can fill the void of effective environmental leadership with regard to sustainability. We will establish the case that Jesuit schools are in a unique position to develop these leadership skills to facilitate this necessary environmental dialogue. Thus, in reflecting on the philosophy of developing leadership, we will see how Ignatian principles can form the core foundation for building great leaders.Finally, this article looks to the future of Jesuit business school education. What are the changes necessary in teaching leadership to advance social justice and lead sustainability change? What reflection on Ignatian concepts must faculty and administration pursue so that Jesuit business schools are at the forefront of leadership? We will conclude the “modeling” of leaders with how our institutions can foster principled leadership within every student through the application of Ignatian concepts
Deepening Conditions of Precarity in the Korean Game Industry and Collaborative Strategies to Overcome Constraints
Get PDFThis paper examines how Korean game developers have been experiencing deepening conditions of precarity and makes a few suggestions regarding how they could overcome their structural limitations. Despite the remarkable growth in the Korean game industry, many underlying problems overshadow its success, such as labor exploitation, low wages, employment instability, and alienated labor. This paper uses a qualitative methodology to investigate the implications of the game industry market’s transition from PC online to the mobile game platform since the 2010s, which contributed to the industry’s deteriorating working condition and production system. Given this context, this study explores how the game developers experienced deepening conditions of precarity. This paper offers a few suggestions about overcoming these structural constraints. First, game developers can appropriate their know-how and resources then integrate them into a new form of “digital creative labor,” which refers to networked and collaborative cultural practices of game developers. Secondly, this paper argues that the intervention at the institutional and policy level is necessary to protect the rights and interests of workers
The Silence of Nayanaya in Cebuano Songs
Get PDFThe article is part of the chapter “Silence in Nayanaya visà- vis Silence in Zhuangzi” in the author’s dissertation entitled Phenomenology of Nayanaya: A Filipino Philosophy of Survival Interpreted in the Light of Silence in Zhuangzi.” 1 The meanings of Nayanaya and the different ways of doing nayanaya were extracted from the questionnaire accomplished by respondents from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Interview was also utilized. In its strictest significance, nayanaya is a whiling away of the time amidst a crashing limit-situation (to borrow Karl Jasper’s term), a taking time-out, a distancing, until one is able to face it, unbroken. Nayanaya is both an end and a means. As a means, the ways are many; singing orhumming a song, being one of them. The pinnacle of nayanaya is wu-wei, that is, doing nayanaya by not doing nayanaya. As an end, while it aims at silence, nayanaya is actually a will to be happy and ultimately, a will to be
Women Empowerment or Disempowerment? A Case Study of a Social Microfinance’s Activities and Gender Relations in Rizal Province
No full textWomen’s empowerment has been at the center of the development discourse as one of the eight declared Millennium Development Goals. To date, an increasing number of development organizations are focusing on helping poor women achieve economic sustainability, and social enterprise in its microfinance scheme is playing a leading role in providing women with needed capabilities to increase their agency in the development process. The success of microfinance in empowering women today has been a debatable subject in the economic and development realms, thus leading to a need to reassess some of the microfinance claims. How does it really empower women? In which ways can microfinance assistance lead to an unintended and unfavorable effect of the disempowerment of women? To analyze and broaden existing understandings of women’s empowerment, this research qualitatively investigated the process of women empowerment through a selected case study of a social microfinance operating in Rizal province, Philippines, using combined sociological and anthropological methods
Race, Gender, and Photography: Images of Filipino Women at the 1904 St. Louis Exposition
No full textPhotography served as an effective tool in gaining and presenting knowledge about Filipinos during the early part of American imperialism in the Philippines. There are several important works on the power of photography in relation to American imperialism and representation of Filipinos, but none have focused on the representation of women in American colonial photography. This research looks at women’s representation in the 1904 St. Louis Exposition, where more than 1,100 indigenous Filipinos were brought to the United States of America to be exhibited in the World’s Fair. With the use of intersectional feminism as a lens, the representation of women in the said event will be analyzed, with particular emphasis on the interplay of race and gender as units of analysis. This paper will show that if photography can be used to tell the truth, it can also be used to propagate racial and gender stereotypes