Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Meat Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Content of Native Indonesian Muscovy Duck Fed with Rice Bran in Traditional Farm
Full text linkFat, cholesterol and fatty acid profile of breast and thigh meat of 12 Muscovy ducks (6 drakes) aged 8 weeks from the local farm in Bogor, West Java were analyzed in thus study. In general, Muscovy ducks were fed with rice bran twice a day and free-ranged in the backyard. The nutrition of rice bran is varied in crude protein, crude fiber, fat, and ash content. Muscovy ducks were slaughtered and the percentage of carcass weight, fat, cholesterol and fatty acid profile of the breast and thigh meat were measured and analyzed. The result showed that the breast meat had higher (P<0.05) ω3 total fatty acid EPA (C20:5ω3) but DHA (C22:6ω3) and linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) were not significant compared to that of thigh meat. Concentration of linolenic acid in breast meat ranged from 0.26 to 0.51% of fat and 0.35 to 0.39% of fat in thigh meat. Linoleic acid (C18:2ω6) in breast and thigh meat was 7.64 - 10.73% and 5.17 - 13.93 % fat, respectively. DHA concentration ranged from 0.13-1.31% fat in breast meat and EPA in thigh meat was approximately 0.08-0.32 % fat.  EPA was significantly higher (P<0.05) in breast meat (0.03-0.28 %) than thigh meat (0.05-0.08 %) The study produced ω 6:3 ratio ranged 6.50-24.14 and 8.94-31.64 in breast and thigh meat, respectively
Cytological Characteristics of Mucose Cell and Vaginal Temperature and pH During Estrous Cycle in Local Sheep
Full text linkAim of this study was to examine the characteristics cytology of mucous cell-,temperature- and pH vagina during estrous cycle in local sheep. 31local sheep were synchronized with vaginal sponge consist of 20 mg progesterone hormone before carried out observations of cytology of cells from the vaginal mucose through vaginal swabs, temperature and pH of the vagina. Vaginal swabs were collected daily at 7 am for a weeks.Vaginal temperature and pH measurement is carried out twice a day, at 07.00 am and 15.00 pm for a weeks after vaginal swabs. Smears of the swab were then prepared on glass slide and they were stained with Giemsa. Vaginal epithelial cells; Parabasal, intermediate and superficial cells were counted and their percentages during pro-estrous, estrous and di-estrous were determined. Di-estrous was characterized by the absent of superficial cells in the epithelial vagina. Pro-estrous was characterized by the increasing progressively of intermediate/superficial cells in epithelial vagina, whereas estrous was characterized by the presence of superficial/cornification cells in most epithelial vagina. Based on the dominance of superficial cell, the number of sheep identified as estrous is highest on third day, with 52%. Observation on vaginal temperature also resulting that the highest temperature values obtained on the third day of 39,08±0.28°C.  It could be effected of the vaginal pH during the observation. Underthe influence ofestrogen, the epithelial vaginalcellssynthesizeand accumulateglycogenin large quantitiesdepositedin the lumen ofvagina. Vaginal bacteriametabolizethe glycogenformlactic acid, which causesvaginal pHis low.The pH conditions prevent from pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. Increased estrogenal so cause cell proliferation through the thickening of the epithelium lining of the vagina so that the cells differentiate.Increasing of glycogenin the superficial cells, and ceratin cells found in the cytoplasm of cells, as well as acidic pH in the lumen vagina causing changes in the chemical composition of each cell (Zaid, 2011).It can be concluded that during estrous phase, cytology of vaginal mucose cell is dominated by superficial cell and vaginal temperature is increasing as well as pH of vagina
Meat Preservation with Addition of Kecombrang Leaves (Etlingera Elatior) in Refrigerator Temperature
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of kecombrang leaves (Etlingera elatior) on the physical, chemical and microbiological quality on meat that stored at refrigerator temperatures. The research was conducted in June until August 2016 in the Laboratory of Meat Science and Technology Department of Product Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Gadjah Mada University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) 3 x 3 factorial (3 condition of kecombrang leaves, 3 storage time), each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the different means were tested by Duncan test. The results Showed that the addition of kecombrang leaves and storage time had significantly affected (P<0.05) on the total microbes in meat. Meat control (8,00 log cfu/ml±0,48) and meat with the addition of kecombrang leaves powder (6,59 log cfu/ml±0,40) more effective in suppressing of total microbes that growing compared with kecombrang leaves pasta (7,12 log cfu/ml±0,35). Storage time make pH value and cooking losses in meat decrease.  Kecombrang leaves condition and storage time did not affected to water content, protein content, fat content and tenderness in beef
In vitro anthelmintic activity of the extract of coffee husk fermented with Pleurotus ostreatus for Ascaridia galli
No full textThe objective of  this research was to evaluate the anthelmintic  efficacy of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of coffee husk fermented by Pleurotus ostreatus against Ascaridia galli.  In vitro study of anthelmintic activity was conducted by counting the number of paralyzed worm body of Ascaridia galli during 24 hours in petri dish containing different levels of ethanolic and aqueous extract of fermented coffee husk, namely 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% (w/v) and compared to piperazine 0,5% (w/v) and NaCl 0,9%.  The powdered  samples of fermented coffee husk  were macerated in the 30% ethanol solution  with the ratio samples to solution = 1:3.  In aqueous extract, samples to solution ratio was 1 : 7.  The extract of fermented coffee husk possess phytochemical compunds which responsible for anthelmintic activity.  The anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract was better than aqueous extract.  Fermented coffee husk ethanolic extract exhibited mortality of A.galli at concentration 2% while showed highest mortality at concentration 4%.  Fermented coffee husk ethanolic extract have the potential to aid in the control of gastro intestinal parasites in anima
The Effect of Soursop (Announa Muricata L.) Leaves Powder on Diameter of Muscle Fiber, Lipid Cell, Body Weight Gain and Carcass Percentage of Tegal Duck
Full text linkThe present study investigated the supplementation of soursop leaves powder (Annona muricata L.) on body weight gain and carcass percentage of male Tegal duck. Research was conducted from 29 November 2015 to 3 January 2016 in duck cage in Sokaraja Kulon, Purwokerto. One hundred male Tegal duck were fed basal feed consisted of 30% corn, 7% soy bean meal, 6,1% vegetable oil, 17% poultry meat meal, 38,2% ricebran, 0,1% L-lysin HCL, 0,3% DL-methionin, 0,2% topmix, 0,1% NaCl, and 1% CaCO3. Experimental research used completely randomized design with treatments composed of basal feed plus 0, 5, 10, and 15% soursop leaves meal, each with 5 replicates. The observed variables were diameter of muscle fiber, lipid cell, body weight gain, and carcass percentage. The obtained data were subject to analysis of variance followed by orthogonal polynomial test. Result showed that treatments affected non significantly (P>0.05) to the diameter of chest muscle fiber, carcass percentage and carcass but significantly affected (P<0,05) body weight gain with equation Y Â = Â 427,74 Â - 67,10 X Â + 2,27 X2.. Â Conclusively, supplementation of soursop leaves meal (Annona muricata L.) in feed has not been able to increase the muscle fiber diameter of intermuscular lipid cell, carcass percentage and carcass parts. Excessive supplement even lowers the body weight gain of male Tegal duck
Particle Size's Effect of Application Forage Processing Technology on Consumption Efficiency, Palatability and Digestibility of Local Goat
Full text linkLivestock's digestible feed ability is affected by the physical and chemical quality of the feed given. Study feed processing application on a local goat feed particle size needs to be done for efficiency of feeding patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the best forage particle size on efficiency consumption, palatability and digestibility of the local goat. The experimental method was done with randomized completely block design with 3x2x3 factorial. Goats are grouped by weight, the first factor is the form of feed (fresh, dried) with particle feed size of 3 - 5 - > 7 cm as the second factor. The results showed that particle size of > 7 cm gives the optimal feed consumption and palatability. Dry and organic materials digestibility provided the best on the particle size of 3 cm. Forms of dry feed has a positive correlation with consumption, palatability and digestibility of feed. Conclusion of the study recommended dried forage given to the local goats with a particle size of 3 cm is able to provide efficiency in consumption and palatability of the feed with the most excellent digestibility.Â
Stress Indicator, Carcass Composition, and Meat Cholesterol of Kampung-Broiler Crossbred Chicken Treated By Different Stocking Density
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on stress indicator, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol content of kampung–broiler crossbred chicken. Anamount of 90 DOCs of crossbred kampung-broiler (KB) were placed into 9 plots sized 1x1 m2 in semi closed house that consist of 3 stocking densities 8, 10 and 12 birds m-2 and respectively 3 replicates. The chickens were fed commercial broiler feed. Approximately ± 30% roosters slaughtered for analysis of malondialdehyde, carcass quality, and meat cholesterol. Malondialdehyde, carcass composition, and meat cholesterol was completely randomized designed with different stocking densities treatments and three replicates. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and had previously been tested for requirement of variance test assumption. Data of temperature humidity index (THI) was descriptively explained. The results showed that the effect of different stocking densities on stress indicator reflected by THI value and MDA content, carcass composition (percentage of carcass and abdominal fat weight), and cholesterol level were not significant. The different of stocking densities (8, 10 and 12 birds m-2) did not affect the stress indicators reflected by THI and MDA level, carcass composition and meat cholesterol level. Kampung-broiler crossbred chicken could develop at 8, 10 or 12 birds m-2 densities since the lower of abdominal fat and meat cholesterol were resulte
Effect of Diet Containing Gracilaria Sp. Waste and Multi-Enzyme Additives on Blood Lipid Profile of Local Duck
Full text linkThis study was aimed to evaluate the effect of diet containing waste of seaweed Gracilaria sp. on local duck blood lipid profiles including cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). The material in this study were 72 female Tegal ducks aged 22 weeks with 1,318 ± 121 gaverage body weight, diets containing Gracilaria sp. waste (GW) with 18% protein and 2900 kcal/kg metabolic energy and 150 g/ton feed commercial multi-enzyme (ME).  Data were subject to Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments, (T0) Basal Diets, (T0+) Basal Diets with ME, (T1) Diets with 10% GW, (T1+) Diets with 10% GW + ME, (T2+) Diets with 12.5 % GW + ME, and (T3+) Diets with 15% GW + ME. The treatment was givenfor 12 weeks and blood sample was taken onthe last week. The serum was separated and analyzed for blood lipid profiles using CHOD-PAP. Results showed that diet with 12.5%GW plus multi-enzyme additives significantly (P<0.05) affected blood lipid profiles of local duck, tended to lower triglycerides and LDL Cholesterol, but increase blood HDL levels
The Improvement of Rumen Fermentation Products Through In-Vitro Supplementation of Mg and Co Minerals
Full text linkA study has been conducted to examine the effect of Mg and Co supplementation on rumen fermentation products. The study was conducted in an in vitro experiment, applying completely randomized design, 3x3 factorial. The first factor was three levels of Mg (0; 7.5 and 15.0 mM), and three levels of Co (0; 0.03 and 0.06 mM) as the second factor, total 9 treatments each repeated three times, comprising 27 experimental units all together. In vitro incubation lasted for 4 hours. Variables measured were the concentrations of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. Data were subject to analysis of variance and orthogonal polynomials test. The results showed an interaction effect between Mg and Co on the concentration of VFA, N-NH3 and protein synthesis of microbial rumen. The increasing supplementation of Mg at 0.06 mM Co increased VFA concentration; the highest concentration of N-NH3 was achieved by rumen fluid supplemented with 15.0 mM of Mg and 0.03 mM of Co. The highest protein synthesis of microbial rumen was achieved by the rumen fluid supplemented with 8.18 mM of Mg with no supplementation of Co
Feed Forage and Nutrition Value at Altitudes during the Dry Season in the West Java
Full text linkField grass was a source of ruminant forage, especially for rural farmers in  the West Java in different altitude. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of grass during  the dry season which included the botanical composition analysis and chemical analysis of nutritional value. The study was conducted from September to November 2015. The method used was a survey method, sampling was multistage sampling. The parameters measured in the study included a botanical composition of the forage, biomass production of feed materials on fresh and dry matter, dry material content, an inorganic material included ash, calcium and phosphorus, protein, crude fiber, extract materials without nitrogen, and crude fat. The results showed that the areas in  the West Java were drought in September and October, thus resulting in very limited supply of forage and the productivity of the forages was very low. A botanical composition in the highland area was more complete included grass, legumes and weeds than lowland areas and medium altitude. Forage production in highland areas was higher than in lowland areas and medium altitude. Feed plants in the lowlands had a greater fiber content which was forming energy for plants, and lower crude protein when compared to highlan