Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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A 24-bp Indel (Insertion-Deletion) Polymorphism in Promoter Prolactin Gene
Full text linkProlactin in chicken (cPRL) is a polypeptide hormone that plays a crucial role in incubation and brooding behavior. This hormone is coded by a gene that located at chromosome 2. The objective of this study was to investigate 24-bp indel polymorphism in promoter prolactin gene of Papua local chickens. A number of 60 DNA samples came from 60 Papua local chickens (25 males and 35 females) were used in this study. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method with a pair of specific primer was applied and a specific DNA fragment with 130 and/or 154 bp contained 24-bp indel was successfully amplified. Results of electrophoresis run on 1.5 % agarose gel showed three genotypes: II, ID and DD with the frequency of 6,7%, 48.3% and 45% respectively. The frequency of I allele was 0.31 and D allele was 0.69. Results indicated  that the I allele frequency was medium in Papua local chickens population. Results therefore suggest that incubation behavior in hen population of Papua local chickens is easy to eliminate by increasing the I allele frequency in the population
Farmer Children’s Willingness for Dairy Farming succession in Banyumas Regency
Full text linkThe objectives of this research were to 1) observe the age, education, farm parents’ cattle ownership, parents’ income, children’s perception and willingness for farming succession, and 2) investigate the relationship between age, education, farm parents’ cattle ownership, parents’ income, children’s perception of and willingness for farming succession. Purposive sampling was used to determine the regional sample in three districts in Banyumas regency with the most dairy cow population and were the supervised area subject to “Pesat†Milk Cooperative. Ninety respondents from 10-30 years old were determined. Result showed that farmers’ children had better education than the parents with average age of 21,67 years old. Average cattle ownership was 1-15 heads per household with Rp 564.167 – Rp 4.523.333monthly income. Farmers’ children shaped positive perception on dairy farming and had willingness for farming succession. Age was positively correlated with farming perception and willingness of the farmers’ children, while education was negatively correlated
Raw Semen Characteristics of Three Different Indonesian Local Roosters
Full text linkIndonesia has agreat variety of roosters, either indigenous type as well as exotic and cross breed. The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of semen from three types of Indonesian local roosters such as Merawang, Kampung and crosses Sentul Kampung with Kedu (SK Kedu). A total of 15 roosters consist of Merawang roosters, Kampung, and SK Kedu roosters were 5 each. The semen was collected 3 times a week by dorso-abdominal and cloaca massage method. The parameters evaluation was macroscopic characteristics consist of volume, color, consistency, and pH. Microscopic evaluation of semen such as a mass movement, sperm motility, live sperm, sperm abnormality and sperm concentration. Results of this experiment showed that semen volume of  Merawang (0.40±0.26 mL) was higher (p<0.05) compare to Kampung (0.24±0.12 mL) or  SK Kedu (0.16±0.10 mL) but no difference on semen color, consistency and semen pH. There were no difference in the mass movement, sperm motility and live sperm as well as on sperm abnormality among three types of roosters. Sperm  concentration of Merawang (4490 million mL-1) was significantly higher than Kampung (3245 million mL-1) and the SK Kedu roosters (3751 million mL-1). Its was conclude that Merawang roosters had good semen quality better than Kampung and SK Kedu rooster
Improving Sugarcane Bagasse as Animal Feed by Ammoniation and Followed by Fermentation with Trichoderma harzianum (In Vitro Study)
Full text linkSugarcane bagasse is one of agro-industrial residues containing low nutrient content and difficult to be digested by animals.  However, it can be recycled to produce value-added product such as protein-enriched animal feed by application feed technology such as ammoniation and fermentation. The purposes of these experiments were to evaluate the quality and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by using two steps feed technology process: ammoniation and continued by fermentation process. Two studies were conducted in these experiments. The first study was to determine the quality of amoniated sugarcane bagasse after incubation at room temperature at different days (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days) and the second study was to determine in vitro degestibility of  ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented by using the various levels of sago flour (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% from sample total) and kept at room temperature for 21 day in an-aerobic condition. Parameters measured in this study were DM, CP, CF, pH, OM, IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), IVOMD (in vitro organic matter digestibility). The model used for the statistical analysis was completely randomized design (CRD). The results of the first study indicated that length of incubation was not significantly affect (P>0.05) on crude fiber content but had significant effect (P<0.05) on crude protein content but only for control treatment. For the second study concluded that administration of the various levels of sago flour into ammoniated sugarcane bagasse fermented with T.harzianum significantly influenced (P<0.05) on OM, IVDMD and IVOMD but had not significantly effect on pH value. The results of the study indicated that application 10% of soluble carbohydrate from sago flour was recommended for fermentation process based on the results of in vitro and fermented feed quality studies
The effects of Papain Crude Extract Addition in Diets on Broilers Production Performances
Full text linkThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of papain crude extract addition in mash and pellet feed forms on production performance of broiler chickens in order to obtain the best level of extract papain in mash or pellet form. This natural protease enzyme was extracted from unripe papaya. A complete random design was applied in this study and it was arranged with factorial 4 * 2 and three replications. The treatments were 4 levels of papain (0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07 %) and two physical forms of feed (mash and pellet). Broilers production parameters measured were: feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass percentage. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction was highly significant (P <0.01) for feed intake, body weight, carcass percentage respectively while feed conversion showed significant interaction (P <0.05). The significant differences in the feed consumption described the role of papain enzyme through treatment of CEP and the physical form of feed. The results indicate that the all treatment of papain crude extract level  both in mash and pellet feed form were able to improve feed intake, body weight, FCR and carcass percentage of broiler chickens, whereas the best performance was obtained in the treatment of 0.05% papain crude extract in mash form of diets
Effect of Carrot-Juice on Exopolisaccharides and β-D Galactosidase Activity in Yogurt
Full text linkCarrot juice and milk  were  blended and fermented by  culture bacteria Streptococcus thermophillus  and Lactobacillus bulgaricus.  Carrot juice  affect significantly  on  lactic acid content  (1.09± 0.12% – 1.15± 0.01%),  pH value (3.80±0.06 – 4.17± 0.10),  viscosity  (133±2.30 cP–146±2.10cP),  β-carotene (0-173.19±1.02 µg/g), EPS (11.90 ±0.50 - 18.00 ±0.40 mg/100g),  β-D-galactosidase activity (2.27±0.30-192.40±0.48 µ/g) yogurt, but did not affect significantly on  bacteria number (9.0± 0.5 – 9.8±0.4 log CFU/g).   Carrot juice increased the yogurt culture activity with increasing acidifying, β-catotene, EPS and β-D-galactosidase, suggesting that yogurt could be fortified with carrot juice
Cattle Farmers' Participation in Rural Development Program in Bantul Yogyakarta
Full text linkThe purpose of this study to determine the level of participation, identify the factors that influence the participation of farmers and to analysis the effect of participation in the Scholars develop village or Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) program. The research was conducted on a group of beef cattle in the SMD program Bantul Yogyakarta Province. Primary data were collected by survey method using questionnaire interviews on 8 SMD groups consisting of 42 members. Analysis of the level of participation of farmers using discriptive analysis, while to analysis factors that affect the participation of farmers and the influence of participation to the success of the program was used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS tools for windows 16. The result analysis shows that farmers level participation in planning, 71.43% farmers had low participation; 59.52% farmers in the implementation stage had participation that was middle level. On stage of evaluation 54.76% farmers had low participation and in stage sharing benefits 50% farmers had low participation. Success of the program SMD viewed from population cattle declined from 184 head to 107 head, while the existing capital in the group also decreased from IDR 2.904.000.000 to IDR 1.182.000.000 seen from number of members group declined from 185 farmers being 114 farmers. Regression analysis showed that age, occupation, level of formal education, non-formal education, long became members of the group, farming experience, family income, number of dependents, land holdings, cosmopolitan, group motivation, the role of SMD, and the role of agency participation of farmers had not been able to explain the participation of farmers and the value of R2 value of 0.132 (13.2%). Partially no factor capable of affecting farmers participation. Further results of the regression analysis with the participation of relationship success SMD program showed no effect with R2 value of 0.01
Evaluation of Performance in Female Madura Cattle in Madura Island, Indonesia
Full text linkThis research was conducted to evaluate the performance of female Madura cattle in three districts of Madura Island (Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep), known as breeding areas for purebred Madura cattle. Vital statistics of 1,040 female Madura cattle at 24 and 30 months old in Sampang, Pamekasan, and Sumenep district were measured and analysed. Mean of Body weight, chest girth, body length, and wither height of female Madura cattle at 24 months old were 191.7±17.6 kg, 133±3.0 cm, 124.0±2.1 cm, 115.7±2.9 cm, respectively, and those at 30 months old were 209.4±23.6 kg, 138.2±4.5 cm, 125.7±2.6 cm, 116.7±3.4 cm, respectively. The body weight, chest girth, body length of female Madura cattle at 24 and 30 months old in Pamekasan district (216.6±26.5 kg, 135.2±6.1 cm, 125.4±3.9 cm, and 238.0±28.5 kg, 141.5±6.7 cm, 127.9±3.5 cm, respectively) showed the highest value compared to those in Sampang and Sumenep district. Phenotypic correlation between vital statistics and body weight at 24 and 30 months old ranged between -0.43 to 0.90. Chest girth showed the positive highest correlation with body weight of female Madura cattle at 24 months old (0.24) and at 30 month old (0.90). It indicated that chest girth could be used as estimation parameter for body weight in female Madura cattle
Supplementation of Red Betel Leaf (Piper crocatum) in Dairy Cattle Feed on Fermentation Characteristics by in Vitro
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to assess the impact and efficiency of red betel leaf’s extract supplementation in the diet of dairy cattle on fermentation characteristics by in vitro. The research method was experiment by using completely randomized design. The treatments that were tested were R1: basal feed, R2:  R1 + 15 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R3: R1 + 30 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R4: R1 + 45 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract, R5: R1 + 60 ppm of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract. The parameters measured in this study were (1)Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD),(2)Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) (3) total gas production (4) methane production (CH4) and (5) total Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA).  The data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed Orthogonal Polynomial Test.The results showed that the suplementation red batel extract in the diet of dairy cow was significant (P < 0.01) on DMD, OMD, total gas production, methane production (CH4)  and total VFA.Orthogonal Polynomial test showed the effect of treatment on Dry MatterDigestibility (DMD), total gas and CH4 gas production were in the form of cubic curve, as well as Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) and Volatille Fatty Acid (VFA) in the form of quadrate curvewith supplementation of red betel leaf. Â
The Effects of Colostrum Immunoglobulin on Strongyloides Infection in Mice
Full text linkThis experiment was conducted to determine the effects of bovine colostrum IgG on mice infected with Larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis (L3Sv). This experiment was a 2X2 factorial arrangement including two level of colostrum immunoglobulin-G and two level of endostatine. The parameters were fecal eggs and number of female adult in the gut. The data were statistically analyzed for the mean and standard deviation values, and the differences in treatment groups were subject to ANOVA, if the global differences were detected, a post-ANOVA with LSD test ensued. The development of female adult in the gut, for each group, was performed using Spearman’s rho test. Results showed that colostrum immunoglobulin-G reduce very significantly (P<0.001) the number of eggs per gram feces than in the groups of infected animals treated with endostatine as well as in the mice injected with 3000 L3Vs only. While the reduction of female larvae was significant obtained (P<0.05) in colostrum treatment (L3Sv + colostrum IgG) in comparison with endostatine. It was concluded that the supplementation of immunogobuline-G through the animal digestive system had positively control the Strongyloides venezuelensis parasite infection. This result provides an insight to utilize IgG colostrum in animal husbandry to overcome the threat of parasitic worms infection