Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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In Vitro and in vivo Test of Exctract of Morinda citrifolia and Allium sativum on Subclinical Mastistis Cows
No full textTwo subsequent experiments were conducted in the current study. Experiment I (in vitro), milk obtained from sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows were used to identify the content of bacteria types causing mastitis. It was identified that the milk contained Staphylococcus sp (76.92%), Streptococcus sp (15.38%) and E. coli (7.69%). In order to determine the optimum combination of Morinda citrifolia (M) and Allium sativum (A) for reducing the number of the identified bacteria. The milk were randomly assigned to one of four treatments with six replicates in each treatment (Completely Randomized Designed). There were four treatments, which were four kinds of Morinda citrifolia (M) to Allium sativum (A) ratio, i.e. T1 (80:20); T2 (60:40); T3 (40:60); and T4 (20:40). Collected data were analysed using analysis of variance. When analysis of variance indicated significant effects, Least significant different (LSD) was then employed. It is indicated that T1 was the most optimum treatment to reduce bacteria counts. Experiment II (in vivo), the purpose of the experiment was to detemine the optimum dose of T1 to cure sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows and to investigate the effects of different doses of T1 on milk quality. A total of 20 sub-clinical mastitis dairy cows were randomly treated with one of five treatments for 3 days, which were C (received penicillin), P1 (received T1:100 ml/d); P2 (received T1:200 ml/d); P3 (received T1:300 ml/d) and P4 (received T1:400 ml/d). Analysis for variance was applied followed by dunnet’s test. Milk production and somatic cell counts were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the treatments, but they significantly (P<0.005) influenced milk dry matter content. Dairy cows treated with P4 produced milk with the highest dry matter content (11.92 ± 1.90%). In conclusion, The mixtures of Morinda citrifolia and Allium sativum can cure mastitis and improve milk dry matter content. (Animal Production 7(2): 101-105 (2005) Key Words: Mastitis, Dairy cattle, Allium sativum, Morinda citrifolia, Quality of mil
Follicular Development Dynamics and Plasma Progesterone Profile during the Estrous Cycle of Dairy Cows
No full textA total of five local Friesian cows, 4 to 5 years, healthy, reproductively sound, were used in the study to understand the development dynamics of dominant follicles and plasma progesterone profile during estrous cycle.  Transrectal ultrasonographic examination using real time, B-mode, with 7.5 MHz transducer was performed daily for one full cycle to follow the development of dominant follicle and corpus luteum dynamics.  Blood plasma was collected daily to determine progesterone levels using EIA technique.  Follicular development dynamics and plasma progesterone levels were analyzed statistically using analyses of variance, while correlation between plasma progesterone levels and corpus luteum size were tested using correlation analyses.  The length of estrous cycle in local Friesian cow was 21.00 + 1.00 days.  Follicular dynamics during estrous cycle indicated only had two waves of dominant follicular development.  The first wave of dominant follicle was firstly identified on day 3, reached maximum diameter (11.17 + 0.90 mm) on day 11 and identifiable until day 15.  The second dominant follicle appeared on day 11, reached maximum size on day 21 (13.17 + 0.69 mm) and underwent ovulation on the next day.  The increased diameter of dominant follicle from days 17 to 21 was linear with growth rate of 1.20 + 0.18 mm/day.  Ovulatory dominant follicle had larger size than non-ovulatory ones (P<0.05).  Corpus luteum was ultrasonically detectable from days 5 to 19 of the estrous cycle.  The maximum size of corpus luteum (11.83 + 0.75 mm) attained on day 11, and then regressed substantially till day 19. Plasma progesterone level started to rise during the luteal phase, reached the peak level on day 12 (4.64 + 0.23 ng/ml) and then decreased steadily till the lowest level (0.42 + 0.05 ng/ml) at the time of estrus. The plasma progesterone profile and the corpus luteum development were concomitant each other during estrous cycle of the cow. It can be concluded that the follicular dynamics during estrous cycle in local Friesian cows only had two waves of dominant follicular development, while plasma progesterone levels manifested corpus luteum function throughout the estrous cycle. (Animal Production 10(2): 73-77 (2008) Key Words: Follicle, corpus luteum, progesterone, estrous cycle, co
Essential – Mineral Balance on Growing Male Cattle
No full textAn experiment was designed to study the effect of unconventional protein source on the essential minerals balances of growing cattle. The experiment had been conducted by experimental method with Completely Randomized Block Design, on twelve growing male cattle of Ongole Grade. Based on the body weight, the animal trial was separated to three blocks, as the replication. The tested treatment was four kind of protein sources in the ration (R): R1 = kapok – seeds cakes; R2 = lamtoro – leave meals; R3 = cacao – pod meals and R4 = goat’s faeces. The compose of ration was 50 percent of Elephant grass and 50 percent of concentrate (DM basis). The measured variables were: the essential mineral balances i.e. Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potasium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Sulphur and Nitrogen. The balance – trial was conducted by the total collection method. The data was analyzed by the analysis of variance, and that of the interaction (Synergistic and antagonistic) by the Regression Analysis. The result indicated that the total of essential mineral balance of each protein source or each ration on growing cattle of Ongole Grade is: Cacao – pod meals = 116.09 g/day; Goat’s faeces = 111.89 g/day; lamtoro – leave meal = 84.64 g/day and Kapok – seed cake = 78.55 g/day. These phenomena shown that all of the animal trial was in normal growth. The strong synergistic interaction was reached by Ca « P (P 0.05; R2 = 0.03 – 0.05). Among the five couples of mineral elements of the antagonistic interaction the strong interaction was N ® S (P 0.05; R2 = 0.08). Based on all the variables measured, the experiment is concluded that: (1) all of the unconventional protein sources are able to improve the quality of the ration, indicated by the positive essential mineral balance on growing cattle of Ongole grade; (2) based on the total essential mineral balance, the most suitable protein source for growing cattle is cacao – pod meals; (3) the strong synergistic interaction was reached by Ca P, while the antagonistic interaction was N ----> S. (Animal Production 6(2): 101-109 (2004) Key Words: mineral, protein source, Ongole, cattl
The Physical Analyze of Local Grass
No full textA research has been conducted to analyze physical characteristics of local grass. The aimed of this research was to observe grass physical characteristics, which are bulkiness, water regain capacity and water solubility. Also to observe correlation of water regain capacity to dry matter and organic matter digestibility as well as its degradation rate during 0, 12, 18 and 24 h incubation, in sacco, using 2 fistulae cows. Five local grass were tested in this research, which are field grass, elephant grass, brachiaria grass, king grass and setaria. Fistulae cows consumed forages and concentrates with ratio of 70:30, minimum protein level of 12% and minimum TDN of 60%. Physical characteristics data that obtained then analyzed using analysis of variance. Furthermore, honestly significant different was also performed. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility data that obtained were analyzed with regression of physical characteristics. Result showed that brachiaria grass has poor water regain capacity and water solubility. There are positive linear correlation between water regains capacity with dry matter and organic matter digestibility. (Animal Production 6(1): 37-42 (2004) Key Words: Bulkiness, Water Regain Capacity, Water Solubility, Dry Matter and Organic Matter Digestibilit
Utilization of Pseudomonas fluorescens as Antimicrobial agent on Lipolysis Inhibitition of Rice Bran
No full textFeedstuff was limited by fat content, certainly, if the material feedstuff was storage on long time periods. Fat was oxidized or hydrolyzed, which was decreased nutritional quality. A Research on Inhibited of Lypolysis Rice Bran with anti-microbial compound of Pseudomonas fluorescens was conducted during ten month. The research used experiment methods, with Randomized Completely Block Design, storage as block and concentration of anti-mikrobial compound as treatment. Fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids content during storage was observed. Result of experiment showed anti-microbial compound inhibited oxidize and hydrolyze process of fat rice bran during six month storage. (Animal Production 4(2): 89-93 (2002)Â
The Effect of Fasting Pattern on Biological Performance of Quail at Early Production Period
No full textThe objective of this research was to find out the effect of fasting pattern on biological performance of quail at early production period. 50 kg commercial feed, vitamins and medicine were applied on 140 heads of seven old day quail. Four different fasting pattern were employed as treatment, i.e. ad libitum diet (Po); every two days fasting (P1); every three days fasting (P2); every four days fasting (P3); and every five days fasting (P4).  Ad libitum amount of corn and water were offered to the  fasted quail. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was chosen as research design. An Honestly Significant Different (HSD) test was applied to analyze the difference among treatments. Results showed that fasting pattern at early growth period had significant influence on body weight at 35 days of age and at sexual maturity (P<0.01); weight of reproduction organ (P<0.05) and age of sexual maturity (P<0.05). It was concluded that fasting pattern had influence on biological performance of quail at early production. Quail with no fasting (ad libitum diet) had the same biological performance as quails with 5 days of fasting. (Animal Production 7(3): 185-188 (2005) Key Words: Quail, Fasting Pattern, Biological Performanc
The Quail Response of Growth Period to Protein Level and Synthetic Methionine Addition in Ration
No full textA research has been conducted to study the effect of interaction between protein level and synthetic methionine addition in quail ration on growth rate up to 40 days. The method was used experiment with Factorial (3x3) based on CRD. The first factor was protein level (P) : P1 = 22 %, P2 = 24 %, P3 = 26 %. The second factor was methionine addition (M) : M0 = 0,00, M1 = 0,05 %, M2 = 0,10 %. Variance analysis indicated that protein level did not have significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption, growth rate, feed conversion, weight and percentage of carcass, but it had significant effect (P≤0.05) on IOFC. The effect of methionine addition was not significant (P> 0.05). Interaction between those treatments did not give significant effect (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the response on 26 % protein level with 0,05 % methionine addition give the highest IOFC (Rp. 342.693) (Animal Production 1(1) : 17-23 (1999). Key Words : Quail, Growing Periode, Protein Level, Synthetis Methionine
Digestibily of Some Kind of Alternative Diets on Lesser Mouse Deer (Tragulus javanicus)
No full textFour female lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) were used in this study to observe their feed consumption and digestibility given alternative diets in captive. The results showed that 125g/head/day sweet potatoes supplementation in ration increased the consumption and digestibility of dry matter intake, ash, ether extract, and N-free extract. Supplementation of commercial concentrate in lesser mouse deer’s diet decreased the digestion of dry matter, ash, crude protein, and crude fiber. Animal Production 6(1): 17-22 (2004) Key Words: Digestibility, Consumption, Alternative Diets, Tragulus javanicu
Ratio of Native Grass and Concentrate in the Ration to the Quality of Milk Production of Holstein Cow
No full textThe research attempted to find out ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration to the quality of milk production of Holstein cow. Latin Square Design was used with five treatments of ratio of native grass and concentrate ( 70 : 30%, 60 : 40%, 50 : 50%, 40 : 60%, 30 : 70%), applied using five Holstein cows at the third lactation periode and the third mounth of lactation. The variable measured were in the quality milk production consist of actual milk yield, the milk fat content, crude protein, solid non fat, efficiency of energy bruto and energy netto, and income over feed cost. The best ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration for the efficiency of energy bruto, energy netto and income was 50 : 50%. The milk fat content and actual milk yield have relationship form with the milk energy value. The best ratio of native grass and concentrate in the ration to increasing the milk fat content, crude protein and crude of solid non fat was 70 : 30%. (Animal Production 7(1): 14-20 (2005) Key Words : Native grass, concentrate, energy bruto, energy nett
The Performance of Entik as Result Crossbreed of (Muscovy>
No full textA research has been conducted to investigate the performance of entik as result crossbreed of muscovy and duck as a meat producer. The method using of this research was experimental method. As the base design was Randomized Completely Design with factorial design (2x3x3) that consisted of the first factor was sex (S) comprised : s1=male and s2=female. The second factor was feed from (P) comprised: p1=mush, p2=crumble and p3=Paste, whereas the third factor was slaughtering age (U) that comprised u1=six weeks and u2=eight weeks and u3=ten weeks. The investigated parameters were carcass weight, percentage of meat weight, meat weight of carcass. Result of the research obtained the lowest average of carcass weight for male entik aged 6.8 and 10 weeks respectively was 750.26 g, 1142.69 g, and the highest was 1024.93 g, 1336.08 g, and 760.40 g, 1098 g, 1180.26 g and the highest was 985.28 g, 1378.96 g and 1390.20 g. The lowest average parentage carcass for male entik respectively was 59.63%, 60.14% and 61.76%; the highest was 57.17%, 61.02% and 67.86%. Whereas for the female the lowest was 57.17%, 62.30%, and 61.02% and the highest was 68.99% ,67.59%, and 67.45 %. The average of meat carcass weight for the whole treatment was 733.99±158.23 g with range around 466.15 up to 956.42 g, and the highest average was reached by female entik aged eight weeks who was feeding by mash that was 916.95±39.36 g. The average of meat carcass weight was 64.57±1.35% with the range around 56.66 up to 73.60%. Result of the analysis of variances showed that the interaction factor between the sex, feed form ands slaughtering age affected no significantly (P>0.05) on the carcass weight, percentage of carcass weight, meat carcass weight and the percentage of carcass weight, meat carcass weight and the percentage of meat carcass weight and the percentage of meat carcass weight. Review for each treatment concludes that the sex factor highest effect just only for percentage of meat carcass weight (P<0.01), feed form factor had a high significant effect (P<0.01) on the carcass weight and the meat carcass weight, whereas the slaughtering age factor has a high significant effect linearly (P<0.05) on the percentage of carcass weight. This may concluded that the female entik give the percentage of meat carcass weight more high then the male, feeding by mash form for entik which slaughtering eight weeks old increase the percentage of carcass weight and meat carcass weight. (Animal Production 3(1): 31-39 (2001)Key Words: Entik, crossbreed, muscovy, duck, artificial insemination (AI