Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Inbreeding and Genetic Trend of Dairy Cattle in Baturraden Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre: A Short Communication
Get PDFThe success (or failure) of a breeding centre can be assessed through the genetic trend of trait(s) included in the breeding objective and the inbreeding trend. Through continuous genetic evaluation and structured mating program, positive genetic trend while maintaining inbreeding on the reasonable level will be achieved. Inbreeding level of a population is an important aspect in animal breeding as this may lead to a deteriorating phenomenon called inbreeding depression. This information will guide the animal breeder on how the mating system of their animals will be designed. Inbreeding level of a dairy cow population generally is maintained to be less than 10%. The trend of additive genetic (breeding value) and inbreeding of dairy cattle population in Baturraden Dairy Cattle Breeding Centre (Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Sapi Perah, BBPTU) was examined. The pedigree data consisted of 450 animals and 861 records were analyzed. The study included two traits namely milk yield (MY) and calving interval (CI). The pedigree data were collected from 1977 to 1990. The breeding value (EBV) of animals was estimated using DMU computer package applying repeatability animal model and the coefficient of inbreeding was computed with SECATEURS. The study showed zero inbreeding level of the population based on the pedigree available without any single inbred animal.  The population showed no genetic progress over years during the period of 1977-1990 based on linear regression of EBVs on the year of birth. This indicated that during the period of 1977 and 1990 the genetic improvement program in BBPTU was unsuccessful. The inbreeding level of zero could mean that the designed mating system was successful. However, no genetic progress and no inbreeding trend could mean that no selection program has been introduced in the breeding centre. (Animal Production 12(3): 144-149 (2010)Key Words: genetic trend, inbreeding trend, BBPTU Baturraden, dairy cattl
Consistency, Accuracy and Sensitivity of DEEA Gestdect Pregnancy Test in Cows
No full textThe aim of the research was to know the consistency, accuracy and sensitivity of DEEA Gestdect pregnancy test. The materials used in this research were urin samples from 322 cows, DEEA Gestdect pregnancy test kit, sticker, stop watch, colour list, harness, reaction tube and pipette. DEEA Gestdect pregnancy test was compared to palpation method. Descriptive and chi-square analysis was used in this research. The results showed that consistency, accuracy and sensitivity of DEEA Gestdect pregnancy test were 87.27%; 87.58% and 2 weeks of gestation period, respectively. It was concluded that DEEA Gestdect is a reliable pregnancy test in term of its consistency, accuracy and sensitivity. (Animal Production 10(1): 12-15 (2008)Â Key Words: Pregnancy test, DEEA Gestdect, Co
Chemical Compositions and Nutrient Degradation of Elephant Grass Silage Ensiled with Black Tea Waste
No full textThis study evaluated the chemical compositions and nutrient degradation during ensiling of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silage with black tea waste (BTW) addition. Four silage treatments were elephant grass (S0); elephant grass + 100 g BTW/ kg fresh matter (S1); elephant grass + 200 g BTW/kg fresh matter (S2); elephant grass + 300 g BTW/kg fresh matter. About 220 g of silage material were ensiled for 30 days at room temperature (approximately 28°C). Three replicates were prepared for each treatment. Results showed that dry matter, organic matter and crude protein contents of silages increased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing black tea waste. There were linear decreases in dry matter and crude protein degradations (P<0.01) and organic matter degradation (P<0.05) during ensiling with increased black tea waste addition. Dry matter degradation values varied from 15.03 to 30.71% and were higher than degradation value of ideal silage. It was concluded that black tea waste has potential as a silage additive to improve nutritive value and fermentation quality of elephant grass silage. (Animal Production 9(2): 160-165 (2007)  Key Words: Elephant grass, black tea waste, silage additive, degradatio
Thyroid Hormone and Blood Metabolites Concentration of Gilts Superovulated Prior to Mating
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to study injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) as superovulation agent in gilts to improve thyroid hormone and blood metabolites concentraton. In this experiment, 48 gilts were assigned into four groups of twelve gilts injected with PMSG dan hCG dose levels of 0, 600, 1200 and 1800 IU/gilt. Injections were conducted three days before estrus. During gestation, gilts were placed in colony pigpen. On days 15, 35, and 70 of gestation blood collected to determine triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, tryglicerides, glucose, protein and bood nitrogen urea concentration. The resuts showed that superovulation dose levels of 600 to 1200 IU/gilt increased concentration of thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine/thyroxin) and blood metabolite (triglycerides, glucose, and protein), but decreased blood urea nitrogen in gestation ages 15, 35, and 70 days. It is concluded that superovulation with dose of 600 to 1200 IU can improve of gilts metabolite hormone and blood metabolites. (Animal Production 11(2): 88-95 (2009) Key Words: gilts, superovulation,  metabolite hormone, blood metabolite
Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Campylobacter jejuni at Local Chicken and Chicken Meat
Get PDFThe Objective of this study was to identify the existence of Campylobacter jejuni based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristic in local chicken and chicken meats. Samples of local chicken intestine and meat were tested for the bacterial existence. Phenotypic examination was carried out by means of cultivation followed by gram staining and biochemical tests. Genotypic examination was conducted by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genus specific16S rRNA gene at 816 bp and membrane-associated protein A (mapA) gene at 589 bp as Campylobacter jejuni species-specific gene. The result of phenotypic detection revealed the existence of Campylobacter spp as gram negative, curved rod shape, oxidase positive, urease negative and motile. Genotypic examination also indicated the existence of bacteria using both primers. However, no Campylobacter jejuni detected from meat of the chickens. The results suggest that the method of PCR using a primer detecting species-specific gene of Campylobacter jejuni gives a rapid and accurate detection of the bacteria as compared to that using phenotypic and biochemical test. Identification of Campylobacter spp from chicken meats should be improved with enrichment method and sample collection. (Animal Production 12(2): 128-134 (2010)Key Words: Campylobacter jejuni, mapA gene, local chicke
Improvement of Rice Straw for Ruminant Feed Through Unconventional Alkali Treatment and Supplementation of Various Protein Sources
Get PDFVarious chemical treatments were conducted to increase the utilization of rice straw as feed for ruminant animals. Various sources of protein, minerals and energy should be added to improve the nutritive value of feeds. Two experiments were conducted in this study. The objective of the first experiments was to study the effect of chemical treatment on the ruminal fermentation products in cattle.  Unconventional alkali treatment made from filtrate of a 10% rice hulls ash solution enriched with urea and minerals (treatment 1) increased volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS). The maximum values of NH3-N production and rumen microbial protein synthesis were reached at 4 hours after incubation, while VFA was reached at 6 hours. The second experiment was conducted to study the increase of nutritive value of rice straw previously treated in experiment 1 through supplementation with various protein sources. Protein sources from the residues of vegetative oil production such as coconut, peanut and soybean showed higher responses compared to soy-sauce making residue and tofu making residue. The protein effluent production was highest (2.19 g/d) at a VFA/NH3-N ration of 37.74     (r = 0.912). It can be recommended that   protein sources from agro-industrial wastes can be used to increase the nutritive value and utilization of rice straw as ruminant feed. (Animal Production 12(2): 82-85 (2010)Key Words: rice straw, rumen, fermentatio
Quality of Cauda Epididymal Spermatozoa of Ongole Crossbred Bull in Skim Milk, Tris, and Citrate Extenders Added with Egg Yolk
No full textThe objective of this study was to find out the quality of cauda epididymal spermatozoa in skim milk, Tris, and citrate extenders added with egg yolk stored at 4-5oC. The study was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and six replications. Evaluation of the quality of fresh spermatozoa was done after diluted with different extenders and stored at 4-5oC. The results showed that extenders have no significant effects (P>0.05) on motility, live sperms, abnormality, intact plasma membrane and viability of cauda epididymal spermatozoa stored at 4-5oC.  It can be concluded that skim milk, citrate, and Tris extenders added with egg yolk have the same ability in maintaining the quality and viability of cauda epididymal sperms of Ongole crossbred bulls. (Animal Production 10(1): 22-29 (2008) Key Words: Ongol crossbred, spermatozoa, cauda epididymal, extender
Effect of Diets Containing Different Levels of Dried Calliandra calothyrsus Leaves on Ruminal NH3-N and VFA of Lactating Goats
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai level (tingkat) daun kaliandra kering pada pakan terhadap N-NH3 dan VFA kambing laktasi. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Duapuluh ekor kambing laktasi dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: R1(0% daun kaliandra kering), R2 (10% kaliandra kering), R3 (20% kaliandra kering), dan R4 (30% kaliandra kering), dan masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari 5 ekor kambing PE laktasi sebagai ulangan. Produksi NH3 rumen diukur dengan teknik Micro-Diffuse Conway dan konsentrasi VFA total menggunakan Chromatography gas-cair. Kajian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi N-NH3 rumen pada penelitian ini adalah: R1 92.37 mg/L, R2 99.98 mg/L, R3 102.68 mg/L , dan R4 117.64 mg/L, sedangkan konsentrasi VFA total adalah: R1 158.67 mM, R2 166.67 mM, R3 174.00 mM , dan R4 177.00 mM. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa level kaliandra kering di dalam pakan berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA rumen kambing laktasi. Disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan daun kaliandra kering sampai taraf 30% di dalam pakan tidak berpengaruh jelek (negatf) terhadap konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA rumen kambing laktasi. (Animal Production 8(2): 137-142 (2006) Kata Kunci : Calliandra calothyrsus,VFA dan N-NH3 rume
Egg Quality of Tegal Ducks in Intensive Keeping Feed with Different Levels of Methionine and Lancang (Atlanta sp.)
No full textThe purpose of this research is to study the effect of combination levels of methionine-lancang (Atlanta sp.) in diet on egg quality of Tegal ducks. Eighty-one Tegal ducks early production period were used in this research. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (3x3). The first factor was level of synthetic methionine supplement (M) comprised of m1: 0,00%, m2: 0,05%, and m3: 0,10%. The second factor was level of lancang (L), i.e. l1: 0,0%, l2; 2,0%, and l3: 4,0%. The variables observed were eggshell-thickness, haugh unit, and egg index. The result showed that the average eggshell-thickness was 0,335 ± 0,002 mm, range between 0,317 to 0,337 mm. The average of haugh unit was 92,054 ± 2,906 range between 85,767 to 99,095, and average of egg index was 76,58 ± 2,91, range between 73,79-81,37%. The interaction of methionine-lancang did not have significant effect on eggshell thickness, haugh unit, and egg index during the first two months egg production. Level of methionine significantly different (P<0,05) the haugh unit, but did not affect eggshell thickness and egg index. Level of lancang has affect (P<0,05) eggshell thickness significant, but did not significant affect the haugh unit, and egg index. It can be concluded that increasing of synthetic methionine in the diet until 0,10% can improve haugh unit, and increase of lancang until 4,0% can improve eggshell thickness. (Animal Production 4(2): 77-82 (2002) Key words : Egg Quality, Tegal Duck, Intensive, Methionine, Lancan
The Effect of Feed and Gonadotrophin Hormone on The Litter Size and Birth Weight of Local Goat
No full textA study was conducted to determine the effect of ration and gonadotrophin hormone on the reproductive performance of breeding goat. Twenty-three does and six bucks having a similar age (1.5-2.0 years old) were exposed in this experiment. An amount of 200 gram of concentrate consisting of yellow corn (30%), rice brand (50%) and commercial concentrate CP 235 (20%) has been given to each experimental animal. The experimental animals were divided into two groups. The group was fed (12 animals) with M1 (roughage + concentrate) and the other group was fed (11 animals) with M2 (roughage). Moreover, each group were divided into four treatment namely: T1 (PGF2α), T2 (PGF2α + PMSG), T3 (PGF2α + HCG) and T4 (PGF2α + PMSG + HCG). The same treatment was applied to the other group. The data such as litter size and birth weight were collected from each experimental goat. Those data were analyzed using a 2 x 4 factorial experiment with unequal repetition. A composition between to treatment group was done using Least Significant Design (LSD). The result of the study showed that the effect of ration and gonadotrophin hormone on litter size and birth weight didn’t show any significant difference (P>0.05). The average of litter size and birth weight from roughage + concentrate treated animal (goat) were 1.92 and 1.51 kilogram respectively. However, the average of litter size and birth weight from roughage treated group were 1.58 and 1.48 kilogram respectively. (Animal Production 5(1): 5-10 (2003) Key words : Gonadotrophin, PGF2α, PMSG, Hormone, Goa