Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Why Dry Matter Intake (DMI) in Early Lactation Does Not Fullfill the Entire Energy Requirement of the Lactating Cow? : A Review
No full textRegulasi intake merupakan fenomena biologis yang kompleks. Berbagai macam signal seperti hormon dan metabolit dapat berperan secara potensial dalam penurunan nafsu makan sapi perah setelah kelahiran. Meskipun leptin telah diusulkan sebagai salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh dalam regulasi intake, kemungkinan leptin tidak berperan besar dalam penurunan intake sapi perah selama awal laktasi. Berdasarkan asumsi strategi sapi perah untuk memobilisasi simpanan lemak tubuh selama awal laktasi, umpan balik signal yang berperan besar dalam regulasi intake selama laktasi adalah produk-produk metabolis dari pemecahan simpanan lemak tubuh. Signal yang berperan dalam penurunan nafsu makan setelah kelahiran kemungkinan berhubungan dengan peningkatan uptake metabolit dalam liver dan oksidasi asam-asam lemak dari produk pemecahan lemak tubuh. Pemahan tentang kemungkinan alasan-alasan mengapa sapi perah tidak dapat meningkatkan regulasi intake pakan secara maksimum segera setelah kelahiran, dapat memberi gambaran dan arah dalam memformulasikan hipotesis-hipotesis riset tentang mekanisme penekanan intake bahan kering sapi perah selama awal laktasi. (Animal Production 9(2): 190-196 (2007)Kata Kunci: Leptin, bahan kering, energi, sapi pera
The Quality of Hunted Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) Venison from East Kalimantan
No full textSambar deer (Cervus unicolor)Â is the heaviest in its body weight and widest in its distribution of tropical deer. A Report by East Kalimantan governor indicated that no less than 5,000 wild sambar deer were slaughtered annually. In 1990 a pilot project of sambar deer farm was established and still under its development. Up to the present there is no data available on the nutritional values of sambar venison. The objective of the study was to determine the nutritional quality of wild sambar venison. Samples were collected from three traditional markets. Whitin 10 hours after being hunted, meat was sampled in three sites, front leg, back leg and saddle. The result showed that pH values of hunted sambar venison ranged from 6.18-6.46, but there were no differences in cutting sites. The moisture content was over 74%. Crude Protein, ash, fat and cholesterol (%DM) were 88.84-90.24, 3.86-4.14, 2.9-3.8, 0.24-0.27, respectively. Amino acids, fatty acids and minerals values were within the average of domesticated animals meat values, thought some values in sambar show a better performance. (Animal Production 5(1): 35-41 (2003)Â Key words: Sambar , Deer, Cervus unicolor, Venison, Mea
Analyzing the Sources of Technical Efficiency among Heterogeneous Dairy Farms: A Quantile Regression Approach
Get PDFAbstract. An unbalanced panel data including 1,151 farm observations from 2004 to 2008 was used to analyze the determinants of technical efficiency (TE) for dairy farms in the State of Wisconsin. To account for farm heterogeneity in our analysis we implemented a two-step framework using a stochastic production frontier and a quantile regression analysis. Our results show that the determinants of TE affect in very specific ways farmers with different levels of TE. This outcome is of significant importance from an empirical point of view. Farmers could use this knowledge to find alternatives to improve their specific level of performance. Additionally, policy makers could use this information to improve the effectiveness of their policies by targeting specific agricultural services and aid to group of farmers with similar levels of TE.Key Words : technical efficiency, dairy farm
Labour Absorption at Various Types of Livestock Business in Banyumas Regency
No full text ABSTRACT: The research was aimed to (1) know the level of labour absorption at various types of livestock business, (2) compare labour absorption at various types of livestock business and (3) analyze the influence of business scale, labour productivity and economic efficiency to absorption of labour at various types of livestock business in Banyumas regency. Research was done by using survey method to farmers households. The areas of research were selected using purposive sampling based on number of livestock population in those districts. Respondents were drawn randomly by using simple random sampling method. One way ANOVA was used to test the difference of labour absorption among four types of livestock business. Meanwhile, multiple regression analysis was used to study the influence of business scale, labour productivity and economic efficiency to labour absorption. Research results showed that labour absorption on dairy cattle business was 1.23 STKSP (man equivalent labour unit), sheep was 1.54 STKSP, goat was 1.75 STKSP and beef cattle were 1.14 STKSP. There was a significant difference of labour absorption from four existing types of livestock business. Labour absorption was significantly influenced in positive direction by business scale and economic efficiency of business, while labour productivity has a negative significant influence on labour absorption. (Animal Production 10(3): 198-202 (2008)  Key Words: Labour, business, livestoc
Consumption of evaporated milk of household level in Central Java
No full textThe objective of the research was identity factors affecting consumption of evaporated milk at household level in Central Java. Data obtained were the primary data of SUSENAS for Central Java in the years of 1993, 1996 and 1999, which were collected by BPS. Sampling method occupied was statified proportional random sampling. Out of 20.600 household populations, 600 units were taken as samples. Sencoric data of SUSENAS were analyzed by using Tobit model, estimating method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) was applied. That was concluded that consumption of evaporated milk were influenced by its own price, price of milk powder, education of the mother, family income, place the family live, and environmental factor. Evaporated milk was treated as luxurious consumption. (Animal Production 4(1): 21-26 (2002)Key words : Consumption, evaporated milk, tobit
Maternal Antibody of DOC Pelung from Combine ND-Vaccinated Hen
No full textA research entitled “Maternal Antibody of Pelung Day Old Chicken From Combine ND-Vaccinated Hen†has been done at Deddy Farm, Brebes. The materials were 25 hens and 5 cocks parental Pelung and 50 DOC (day old chick) hatched from those parent. Completely Randomized Design was performed in this experiment. The treatment consists of double dosages of inactive ND vaccine, active ND vaccine and cloned ND vaccine. The parameter was the immunity response on the parents and maternal antibody titer of the raised DOC. The results showed that; (1) one dosage of inactive ND vaccine combined with one dosage of active ND vaccine on Pelung chicken, yielding the best immunity response on the parent. The raised DOC also indicates the best maternal antibody titer, (2) giving two dosages of either inactive or active ND vaccine on the parent and the DOC could be analyzed alternatively to obtain a good immunityresponse, (3) the use of one dosage cloned-ND vaccine and one dosage of inactive or active ND vaccine on Pelung chicken yielding a low immunity response on the parent and the raised DOC. (Animal Production 5(1): 11-18 (2003) Key words : Vaccination, Immunity, Maternal, Antibody, Pelung, Chicke
Serum Estrogen Concentration in Relation to Estrous Duration of Thin-tail Ewes with Inducted of PMSG
No full textFifteen thin tail ewes were used in to study of contribution of maternal serum estrogen concentration this in relation to estrous duration with inducted of PMSG. The first step, all experiment ewes were injected prostaglandin (7.5 mg luprositol per head)  i.m. as much twice of interval day 11 to homogeneity follicle growth phase. In the estrous observed was estrous (700 IU duration, then blood sampling taken out of vena jugulars to analyses of estrogen. The second step, all experiment ewes were inducted PMSG (700 IU per head), then in the estrous observed was same as the first step. The result of experiment show that induction of PMSG influence to maternal serum estrogen concentration has different significantly (P<0.01)and estrous duration has different significant (P<0.05).Maternal serum estrogen concentration prior and post of induction of PMSG contributed 25.28 and 57.12 percent, respectively. It was concluded that the estrous duration in relation to increased maternal serum estrogen concentration. (Animal Production 3(1): 40-44 (2001) Key Words: Estrogen, estrous, ewe
The Germination of Some Species Tropical Legume Seeds
No full textA study to evaluate the seed germination of Leucaena pallida under climatic and soil conditions in Palu was conducted in village of Taipa, Sub district of North Palu, District of Palu. To compare with other species of legume trees however, this study involved Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba, Leucaena leucocephala cv Gumph and Gliricidia maculata. This experiment used completely randomized design with species of tropical tree legumes as treatment. Each treatment was replicated five times. Each experimental unit consisted of one tray (size 12.5 x 25 cm) and planted by 20 seed. Each tray was filled with soil while the seeds were planted one cm deep. All seeds were immersed in warm water (600C) for five minutes before planted. The base of the trays were drilled to create some holes for water to drain out. The trays were sprayed twice daily (07.00 am and 03.00 pm) to keep the soil to be moist using a very smooth sprayer. The variables recorded included the initiation time of germination, the range time of germination and the percentage of seed germination. The data obtained were analyses using the Minitab 11. Least significance difference was used to test for possible differences between treatment means. The result revealed that initiation time of germination and the range of germination were not varied (P>0.05) among the seeds tested. The initiation time of germination ranged between 9 to 12 d after sowing. Gliricidia maculata seed has the shortest period to germinate (12-16 d after sowing), meanwhile Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba appear to be the longest (9-17 d after sowing). The highest seed viability was 60% in Leucaena leucocephala, cv Gump while the lowest was found in Gliricidia maculata (29%). In addition, both Leucaena pallida and Leucaena leucocephala cv Tarramba had medium seed germination (40% and 53% respectively). (Animal Production 7(3): 156-160 (2005)Key Words: Seed, Germination, Tropical Leguminou
Evaluation the Usage of Treated Shrimp Waste as Protein Source in Broiler Diet
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to know the best method of processed-shrimp wastes on protein consumption and retention. Experiment was designed using completely randomized design with five treatments of ration and four replications. Treatments were basal ration with added by 5% shrimp waste. Treatments were D0 (basal diet + non treated shrimp waste), D1 (basal diet  + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 3% NaOH), D2 (basal diet + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 6% NaOH), D3 (basal diet + shrimp waste hydrolyzed by 5% H2O2), and D4 (basal diet + shrimp waste fermented by Aspergillus niger). The total number of treated chicken was 20 broiler of MB 202 strain. To compare the effect of treatments, data was analyzed using least square difference. Results showed that the treated shrimp waste had potential to use as protein source in broiler diet and the best consumption and retention protein was found in hydrolysis shrimp waste by 3% NaOH and 5% H2O.  (Animal Production 12(1): 1-5 (2010)Key Words: shrimp waste, protein consumption, protein retention, broiler, Aspergillus nige
The Degree of Fat Unsaturation in the Tissue and Potential Immune Response of Broiler Fed Chlorella sp.
Get PDFThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of Chlorella sp. administered in the diet of broilers on the degree of fat unsaturation, ratio of EPA to AA in the tissue and potential immune response of broiler. A total of 90 heads of one-day-old Ross chicks were assigned in completely randomized design by 3 dietary treatments with 6 repetitions and 5 chicks in each pen. The diets were T1: control (basal diet without enrichment with Chlorella sp.); T2: basal diet enriched with 5-g of Chlorella sp./kg feed; T3: basal diet enriched with 10-g of Chlorella sp./kg feed. Skinless breast meat was sampled for FA determination at d-36. Chickens were vaccinated at d-6 and d-17 with live vaccine against ND to activate antibodies production, and then 2 ml of blood was collected at d-24 for IgG and IgM quantification. Administration of Chlorella sp. in broiler’s diet had no significant effect on the degree of fat unsaturation, the ratio between EPA and AA contained in the breast muscle and the concentration of IgG and IgM of broiler. In conclusion administration of Chlorella sp. from tropical marine origin in the diet of broiler has no significant effect on the degree of fat unsaturation, ratio of EPA to AA in the tissue, and potential immune response of broiler. The culture temperature in which the Chlorella sp. was cultivated may affect the FA composition of Chlorella sp. (Animal Production 12(2): 96-99 (2010)Abbreviations: AA: arachidonic acid, ALA: α-linolenic acid, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, FA: fatty acids, LA: linoleic acid, PGE2: Prostaglandin E2, PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA: saturated fatty acidKey Words: antibody, broiler, Chlorella sp., fatty acid, PUF