Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Pig’s farmer’s profile in Banyumas Regency
No full textThis research was purposed to study pig’s farmer’s profile in Banyumas Regency. The research was carried out since December 1999 to May 2000. It was located at Banyumas Regency. The method applied was survey with intensive observation, involved 51 respondents (54.26 percent of total pig farmers in Banyumas Regency), consist of 7.80 percent women and 92.20 percent men. The result showed that pig’s farmer were in productive age (44 years) with low formal education level (Sekolah Dasar). Most of all are moeslems (90,16 percent) and had small family size (4-5 members). They have other income source and they rear pigs to generate income or to use soybean cake’s waste (ampas tahu). Experience in the farming was quite long (more than 10 years) and skill come from imitating their neighbours, friends of other wise of autodidact. (Animal Production 2(1): 40-46 (2000) Key Words: profile, pig’s farmer, Banyumas, experienc
The Cellulolytic Activity And Volatile Fatty Acid Product Of Rumen Bacteria Of Buffalo And Cattle On Rice Straw, Elephant Grass, and Sesbania Leaves Substrates
No full textExperiment on The Cellulolytic Activity and Volatile Fatty Acid Product of Rumen Bacteria of Buffalo and Cattle on Rice Straw, Elephant Grass, and Sesbania Leaves Substrates had been conducted at Feedstuff Laboratory of Animal Science Soedirman University. The basic design that was used in this experiment was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern of 6 x 3, three replications. The bacteria isolate as the factors were cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo (A1, A2, and A3) and cattle (A4, A5 and A6) while the substrates (second factor) were NDF rice straw (S1), elephant grass (S2), and sesbania leaves (S3) Cell walls. The result of this experiment showed that the interaction between bacteria isolate and substrate  type were significant on pH, NDF digestibility, cellulase activity, pH was 6.28 until 6.43. The NDF digestibility range was 12.27 until 55.61 percent. The lowers of cellulase activity was 5.11 IU/ml and the higher was 24.47 IU/ml. The range of acetic acid yield was 63.37 to 307.467 mg/100 ml. Range of  propionic production was 15.17 to 352.20 mg/ 100 ml. The production of butiric acid was 8.77 to 40.87 mg/ 100 ml. The cellulase activity of cellulolytic rumen bacteria of buffalo was higher than cattle, and also their effect on NDF digestibility of rice straw, elephant grass, and sesbania leaves cell walls. The A3 of cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo changed cell walls substrat to volatile fatty acid was more effective than cattle, especially on cell elephant grass. Propionic and butiric acid that was produced by cellulolytic rumen bacteria isolate of buffalo more higher than cattle (Animal Production 1 (1) : 1-9 (1999)Key Words: Cellulolytic, VFA, Rumen Bacteria, Buffalo, Cattle
Study on the Quality of Broiler Carcasses Stored at Room Temperature After Steaming Treatments
No full textThis research is conducted to study the effect of steaming time before marketing on quality and storage time of broiler carcasses. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial 3 x 4 was used. The first factor was steaming time, i.e. steaming at 80˚C for 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. The second factor was storage time at room temperature, i.e. initial condition, 4, 8, and 12 hours. The parameters observed were pH, water holding capacity, and total number of bacteria. Results showed that the interaction between steaming time and storage time had significant effect on pH, and total number of bacteria. Storage time had significant effect on water holding capacity of broiler carcasses. It can be concluded that steaming at 80˚C before marketing significantly decreases total number of bacteria. Meanwhile, broiler carcasses stored for 8 hour at room temperature showed no significant decrease of carcass quality (pH, water holding capacity and total number of bacteria). (Animal Production 7(1): 1-5 (2005) Key words: Quality of broiler carcasses, steaming time, storage time, room temperatur
Macerated Alfalfa Forage For Beef And Dairy Cattle
No full textSejumlah penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menyelidiki faedah pemecahan batang alfalfa pada saat dipanen di daerah prairi terhadap lama pengeringan, sifat-sifat nutrisi pada saat disimpan dan nilai nutrisi pakan. Alfalfa pada awal pertumbuhan bunga dipanen menggunakan salah satu dari dua mesin. : mesin convensional, (CONV) atau dengan mesin pemecah batang yang mempunyai empat tingkat pemecahan (LIGHT : ringan,LIGHT + : agak berat, SEVERE : berat dan SEVERE+ : sangat berat). Selama pengeringan, perlakuan LIGHT + s.d. SEVERE+ mencapai kadar Bahan Kering (BK) 45 % dan 80% dalam waktu masing-masing hanya sekitar 2 jam dan 9-11 jam, dibanding CONV, yang mencapai kadar BK tersebut berturut-turut dlm waktu 6 dan 54 jam. Padet sapi pedaging mengonsumsi BK silase 13 % lebih banyak dan memperoleh pertambahan bobot badan harian 22.7% lebih berat (P<0.05) jika batang alfalfa dipecah pada saat dipanen(SEVERE), dibanding tidak (CONV) , pada awal pertumbuhan selama 21 hari. Sapi perah Holstein betina awal laktasi yang diberi ransum yang mengandung silase dan hay dari alfalfa yang batangnya dipecah pada saat dipanen memproduksi susu dengan kandungan gizi yang sama disbanding batang. Namun demikian, kelompok sapi yang diberi ransum yang mengandung alfalfa yang terpecah batangnya memberikan bobot hidup yang lebih berat dan nilai kondisi tubuh yang lebih baik (P<0.05) pada saat akhir penelitian laktasi selama 14 minggu. (Animal Production 3(2): 83-90 (2001) Key Words : Alfalfa, maceration, wilting time, silage, hay, dairy, beef
Nitrogen Metabolim in Sheep Fed Hay-Based Diet Supplemented with Yucca schidigera with or without Nisin
No full textEmpat ekor domba yang berfistula pada bagian rumen digunakan pada rancangan Bujur sangkar latin 3 x 3. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi Yucca schidigera dengan atau tanpa nisin terhadap penggunaan nitrogen, konsentrasi amonia dalam rumen, konsentrasi nitrogen urea dalam plasma, suplai nitrogen mikroba pada domba yang diberi pakan basal hay rumput timothy dan konsentrat. Tiga perlakuan pakan yaitu pakan basal (kontrol), pakan basal + Yucca schidigera 240 ppm (yucca), pakan basal + Yucca schidigera 240 ppm + nisin 6 mg/kg BW 0.75 (yucca+nisin). Ekskresi nitrogen dalam urin domba yang diberi perlakuan yucca+nisin lebih rendah (P<0.05) dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol. Perlakuan yucca+nisin meningkatkan keseimbangan nitrogen sebesar 8 % dibandingkan kontrol. Konsentrasi amonia dalam rumen pada perlakuan yucca dan yucca+nisin lebih rendah (P<0.05) daripada perlakuan kontrol, dan konsentrasi tersebut masih berada diatas konsentrasi minimal untuk pertumbuhan mikroba dalam rumen. Konsentrasi nitrogen urea dalam plasma tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan dan bervariasi antara 20.8 – 22.0 mg/dl. Suplai nitrogen mikroba pada perlakuan yucca dan yucca+nisin lebih tinggi (P<0.05) dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi yucca atau kombinasi yucca dan nisin dapat menurunkan konsentrasi amonia dalam rumen, sehingga menurunkan ekskresi nitrogen pada urin dimana hal ini berimplikasi positif dalam mengurangi pencemaran nitrogen di lingkungan. (Animal Production 7(1): 34-39 (2005) Kata kunci : Yucca schidigera, Nisin, Penggunaan N, N Mikrob
Correlation and Categories of Meat Tenderness Based on Equipment and Panelist Test
No full textThe objective of this study was to determine the correlation between Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and cooking loss with sensory local trained panelists rating on beef tenderness, also to determine WBSF range at each tenderness categories (extremely tender, tender, rather tender, rather tough, tough, and extremely tough). Meat from knuckles of Australian Beef Cross (ABX) steer were broiled until internal temperature 70, 80 and 90oC to get some WBSF values. Cooking loss was counted as percentages of meat weight losses during cooking. Each WBSF values and cooking loss data were correlated with panelists test scores used linier regression equation. Then, based on that linier regression were estimated WBSF range at each tenderness level. The result indicated that WBSF was positive correlated with panelists test that was indicated with determination coefficient 0.7668 (r2 = 0.7668). Cooking loss was strongly positive correlated with panelists rating tenderness (r2 = 0.8114). The result of meat tenderness range categories: extremely tender 0–3.30 kg/cm2, tender >3.30–5.00 kg/cm2, rather tender >5.00–6.71 kg/cm2, rather tough >6.71–8.42 kg/cm2, tough >8.42-10.12 kg/cm2, extremely tough >10.12 kg/cm2. (Animal Production 10(3): 188-193 (2008) Key Words: Meat tenderness, tenderness categories, panelist test, Warner-Bratzler shear, force, cooking los
Different Levels of Digestible Methionine on Performance of Broiler Starter
Get PDFDietary protein and amino acid supply is the most expensive component of poultry diets. Therefore several efforts made by the industry to minimize the cost of the protein portion of the diet. Accordingly, there has been a recent move to use digestible amino acid values in the formulation of poultry diets. The efficiency of protein utilization depends to a large extent on the amino acid composition of the diet. The study was conducted to determine the digestible methionine requirement of broilers during the starter periods. One hundred and seventy five (175) chicks were allocated to 5 treatments with five replicates of seven chicks per replicate in a completely randomized design. Chicks were fed experimental diets from one day old to 21 days of age. Dietary treatments included 5 titrated levels each of digestible methionine (3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 g/kg diet) added to a basal diet. The allowance of digestible methionine, rather than digestible sulphur amino acids was used in formulating the diets. Supplemental synthetic DL-Methionine which were considered to be 100% digestible were added to diets to obtain the concentration of the digestible amino acid. Each week until the conclusion of the trial, birds were individually weighed, feed intake per pen was measured, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was computed. This study suggested that the digestible methionine requirement for broiler starter is 4.7 g/kg for optimal body weight gain and 4.6 g/kg for optimal feed conversion ratio. (Animal Production 12(1): 6-11 (2010)Key Words: amino acid, broiler, digestible, methionine, starte
Strategies to Enhance Growth of Weaned Bali (Bos sondaicus) Calves of Small-Holders in Donggala District, Central Sulawesi
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sebuah strategi pemberian suplemen pakan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan sapi Bali yang disapih pada umur 6-12 bulan di wilayah Kabupaten Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah dan menganalisis kelayakan ekonomi serta sikap petani terhadap strategi penyapihan dini dan pemberian suplemen tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di dua desa, yakni Desa Lembah Mukti (kontrol) dan Desa Malonas (desa perlakuan). Jumlah anak sapi Bali yang digunakan di masing-masing desa adalah 20 ekor, berumur sekitar 6 bulan dengan berat badan awal 83,1 ± 2,6 kg (Lembah Mukti) dan 85,4 ± 2,6 kg (Malonas).  Ternak di Malonas yang sebelumnya belum disapih, mulai dipisahkan dari induknya minimal 3 minggu sebelum penelitian.  Ternak tersebut diberi perlakuan suplemen campuran dedak padi:bungkil kelapa (50:50) setiap pagi oleh peternak sebanyak 1% dari bobot badan (berdasar bahan kering), sebelum ternak tersebut dilepaskan untuk merumput seperti biasa.  Bobot badan ternak penelitian di kedua desa ditimbang sekali sebulan selama 6 bulan, dan perbedaan pertambahan bobot badan ternak antara kedua desa ditentukan dengan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ternak yang mendapatkan pakan suplemen mempunyai tingkat pertumbuhan yang lebih tinggi (P<0,5) dibandingkan dengan ternak kontrol yang tidak diberi suplemen (0,424 vs 0,286 kg/h). Tidak ada perbedaan nyata dalam pertumbuhan antara anak sapi Bali jantan dan betina pada umur 6-12 bulan. Pemberian pakan suplemen memberikan tambahan pendapatan kepada peternak sebesar Rp 2.800/ekor/h. Sebanyak 73% dari petani yang diwawancarai berkeinginan untuk menerapkan strategi penyapihan dini dan pemberian suplemen tersebut. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan anak sapi Bali di wilayah pedesaan dapat ditingkatkan melalui penyapihan dini pada umur 6 bulan yang disertai dengan pemberian suplemen campuran dedak padi:bungki kelapa. (Animal Production 10(3): 135-139 (2008) Key Words: Bali calves, growth, early weaning, rice bran, copra meal, Donggal
Effect of different Dosage Infection Ascaridia galli and Piperazine Treatment on Total Worm and Layers’ Body Weight
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study effect of different dosage Infection Ascaridia galli (A. galli) and anthelmintic piperazine treatment to total worm and layers’ body weight. The research was based on Randomized Completely Design with Factorial (3x2) pattern. The first factor was A. galli infected dosage (0, 200x 4 and 2000x 4 infective eggs) and the second was anthelmintic treatments (without and with piperazine treatment). The result showed that until 6 weeks after infection, only larvae were found in chicks, the adult and egg worms were not found. The infection dosages and piperazine treatment influenced the larvae total. Larvae total in light and heavy dose infection that had piperazine treatment lower than group without piperazine. The infection dosages and piperazine treatment influenced body weight two and four weeks after the anthelmintic treatment. Body weight in group with heavy dose infection after two and four weeks had piperazine treatment were higher than group that had heavy dose infection but without  the anthelmintic medication. Body weight in group with light and heavy dose infection after four weeks had piperazine treatment were not difference with group without infection. The piperazine effication to larvae only reached 69% (ineffective) in light dose and 85% (moderate effective) in high dose infection. (Animal Production 11(3): 176-182 (2009) Key Words: Infection dose, Ascaridia galli, piperazine, warm,  layers’ body weigh
The Growth of Muscle Cell of Inbred Chicken and Indigeneous Chicken Embryo in The Medium of Rabbit Serum and Sheep Serum
No full textAn experiment on the growth embryonic muscle cell in the rabbit and sheep serum media was conducted in the Biotechnology Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The aim of this experiment was to observe the potency of the growth of embryonic muscle cell of the inbred chicken and indigeneous chicken in the medium of rabbit and sheep serum. Two kinds of embryo, the inbred and indigeneous chicken of eleven days old were used in the experiment. The rabbit and the sheep serum were prepared in the laboratory. The experiment was conducted by applying Nested Classification with basic Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Data collected was analyzed using analysis of variance and also using a proliferation index formula. Samples used in those research were the inner and outer cell nucleus after fourty eight hours of the growth. The result of the experiment indicated that the index of proliferation of embryonic muscle cell of the inbred chicken in the rabbit and sheep serum were 89.65 and 84.92 percent respectively. Whereas, the proliferation index of embryonic muscle cell of the indigeneous chicken in the rabbit and sheep serum were 86.20 and 84.82 percent respectively. The total of inner muscle cell nuclei of inbred chicken embryos was significantly higher (P0.05). inconclusion the muscle cell of inbred and indigeneous chicken embryos could growth in both serum but the growth muscle cell of inbred chicken embryo was better than that of indigeneous chicken embryo. (Animal Production 2(2): 75-82 (2000)Â Key words : tissue culture, chicken embryos, index proliferation, serum