Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Expression and Isolation of Recombinant Microneme 3 (MIC3) Protein of Toxoplasma gondii Local Isolate on Eschericia coli (BL21)
Get PDFAbstract. Toxoplasmosis is a disease that infects all warm-blooded animals, including livestocks and humans caused by Toxoplasma gondii parasites. There are major drugs used for the therapy, though they have some effects to the patients, such as allergy, toxic and teratogenic for fetus. In addition, toxoplasmosis treatment is only effective for tachyzoites T. gondii in acute infection, while tissue cysts cannot be eradicated in chronic toxoplasmosis Tissue cysts of T. gondii contained in meat that are consumed by humans and meat-derived products may be important sources of infection for humans. Microneme protein (MIC) is one of proteins that belongs to excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) of Toxoplasma gondii. Microneme 3 protein (MIC3) is the protein that plays an important role in the invasion process during cell infection as a mediator attachment parasite to the host cell. Recombinant MIC3 protein has been already used for the detection of toxoplasmosis and it could induce humoral and cellular immune response in experimental animals. The aim of this research was to express MIC3 recombinant protein of T. gondii from local isolate that was cloned into expression vector and transformed to E. coli BL21. In the future, recombinant protein MIC3 can be used for vaccine candidate and diagnostic tools for toxoplasmosis in animals and humans. Gene of MIC3 T. gondii local isolate (1.2 Kbp) was cloned into expression vector pET-32a(+) (5.9 Kbp) and transformed to Escherichia coli BL21. Protein from plasmid recombinant (7.1 Kbp) was expressed and performed by culturing recombinant bacteria into LB medium containing ampicillin and IPTG. Recombinant protein was isolated by sonication method and identified using SDS-PAGE. Finally, the recombinant protein was analyzed by immunoblotting using anti-ESAs polyclonal antibody. In conclusion, expression of the MIC3 gene with ~108 kDa has been successfully performed by cloning gene encoding for MIC3 protein of T. gondii local isolate that can be identified with polyclonal antibody anti-ESAs.Key Words: Toxoplasma gondii, expression, MIC3 protei
Analysis of Goat Farming on Integrated Farming System in Banyumas
No full textThe objective of this research were : 1) to find out the income generated from goat farming and its contribution to farmer income in several farming combination, 2) to find out the economic efficiency in goat farming with paddy and fish production, 3) to determine factors affecting level of production and income in different farming system, partially and aggregately, and 4) to determine the best combination of farming which generated maximum income. Household farmer survey method was performed to conduct this research. Farming model chosen in this research was partial and average aggregate. Cobb-Douglas function were chosen to predict functional relationship. Result stated from this research were : 1) goat farming has a significant contribution in integrated farming system, 2) integrated farming (goat and paddy, goat and fish, and goat, fish and paddy) in Banyumas district was economically efficient. 3) partially, factor affecting production level in goat farming was number of goat owned (P<0.01), factor affecting paddy production were urea application and number of land owned (P<0.01), TSP application (P<0.05) and man power (P<0.10). Furthermore, factor affecting fish farming were feed, breed and number of land owned (P<0.01); 4) aggregately, factor affecting integrated farming I were urea application and number of land owned (P<0.01), feed and number of land owned (P<0.01), number of goat owned (P<0.10) integrated farming II, where as in integrated farming III were number of paddy land area and breed (P<0.01) also number of goat owned (P<0.10); 5) integrated farming III (goat, paddy and fish farming) gave the highest profit, which gave Rp 6.219.283,81 with relatively high efficiency. Therefore, goat farming could be an alternative solution to be developed in integrated farming and could be combined with other farming activities such as paddy and fish farming. (Animal Production 9(2): 105-110 (2007) Key Words : Goat, income, economic efficiency, survey, contribution, integrated farmin
Application of Linear Body Measurements for Predicting Weaning and Yearling Weight of Bali Cattle
Get PDFThe objective of this research was to predict the weaning and yearling weight of Bali cattle using simple linear body measurement. The height wither (HW), body length (BL) and heart girth (HG) were measured in centimeters, using caliper, whereas weaning (WW)and yearling weight (YW) was determined in kilograms using a weighing scale. Results of the correlation coefficient showed  that hearth girth (HG) highly correlated with weaning and yearling weight were 0.847 and 0.871 respectively. In all, the height wither (HW) had the least correlation coefficient were 0.328 and 0.782 on weaning and yearling weight respectively. Results of the stepwise regression showed that HG was a good estimator of WW and YW of Bali cattle followed by HW and BL. The comparison of residuals indicated that only two equations (HG and BL) accurately predicted weaning and yearling weight. From these results, it was concluded that weaning and yearling weight of Bali cattle can be estimated using simple linear body measurement of heart girth, body length and height wither especially in most remote areas where farmers are challenged with the unavailability of weighing scale. (Animal Production 12(3): 163-168 (2010)Key Words: weaning and yearling weight, linear body measurements, Bali cattl
Reproduction Performance of Local Cock (Gallus domesticus) Primary Organ with Gonadotrophin Hormone Induction
No full textA research was conducted to know the effect of gonadohrophin hormone induction to reproduction performance of local chicken (Gallus domesticus). The materials used for this research were 24 heads of local chicken, with average aged of 8 months, and weight ranged from 1.9 to 2.0 kg. This research using Pregnant Mare’s Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG) hormone. Laboratory experiments with 4 groups of treatment were employed in this research; each group was repeated 6 times (6 heads), with hormone dose level as treatment. The group PO treated by 0 IU. hormone PMSG (control); P1 by 20 IU.; P2 by 40 IU.; and P3 by 60 IU. Completely randomized design was applied as the basic design. Furthermore, to observe difference within variables, analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) were performed. Result showed that there was a significantly different (P<0.01) between the treatment of groups P0, P1, P2, and P3 on testes relative weight, testes volume, and total gamete cells. The average of testes relative weight for each treatment groups respectively were as follows: P0 = 0.73%; P1 = 0.76%; P2 = 1.01%; and P3 = 1.05%. The average of testes volume respectively were as follows: P0 = 0.68 ml; P1 = 0.69 ml; P2 = 0.93 ml; and P3 = 1.03 ml. The average of total gamete cells respectively was as follow: P0 = 31.50 cells; P1 = 30.29 cells: P2 = 51.52 cells; and P3 = 75.48 cells. (Animal Production 5(2): 87-92 (2003) Key Words : PMSG, Testes Relative Weight, Testes Volume, Leydig Cell
Improving Growth and Carcass Production of Rabbit by Utilization of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb on Ration
No full textThe research aimed to study the improvement of growth and carcass production of rabbits through the use of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on ration.  The materials used were 25 heads of male rabbits of New Zealand White breed. A Randomized Completely Block Design was used with five treatments, which were kinds of diet based on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb levels.  Body weights were treated as blocks. Variables measured consisted of dry matter consumption, growth (body weight gain) and carcass production (carcass weight).  Data was analysis using Multivariate Analysis. Results revealed that the highest feed’s dry matter consumption was in C3 (135.42 g/head/day), the lowest was in C0 (93.23 g/head/day).  The C3, C2, and C4 treatments were significantly difference (P<0.05) to C0. The C2, C3 and C1 were significantly difference (P<0.05) to C0. The highest body weight gain (18.85 g/head/day) was in C2, and the lowest were in C0 (12.71 g/head/day), and the highest carcass weight (989 g) based on slaughter weight was in C3, and the lowest (711 g) was in C0. (Animal Production 8(3): 190-195 (2006) Key Words : Rabbit, growth, carcass weight, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Rox
Effect of Undegraded Protein and Energy Level on Intake and Digestibility of Nutrient and Blood Metabolite in Dairy Cows
No full textAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of undegraded protein and energy level on intake and digestibility of nutrient and glucose and urea blood content in dairy cows. The benefit of the research was to inform about the utilization of undegraded protein and energy level to optimize nutrient utilization in dairy cattle. The experiment was conducted in 4 month in the Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science Gadjah Mada University. The experiment used 4 female rumen fistulated dry cows (Friesian Holstein Crossbreed) of 3.0-3.5 years old and 350–400 kg body weight. The treatments of this experiment were T1: 20% of undegraded protein (UDP) and 70% energy from requirement; T2: 20% undegraded protein and 120% energy from requirement; T3: 30% undegraded protein and 70% energy from requirement; and T4: 30% undegraded protein and 120% energy from requirement with Latin square design. Variables observed were intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Acid detergent fiber (ADF), and glucose and urea blood content. Collected data were analyzed by analysis of variances, and further differences were tested by orthogonal contrast. Results of the research showed that the level of UDP in the rations did not affect DM, OM, CP intake, rumen degradable protein (RDP), NDF and ADF; however level of energy had significant affect on DM, OM, CP, RDP and ADF intake. The level of UDP resulted in non significant difference in DM; but significantly different on CP digestibility. Digestibility of DM and OM were significantly influenced by the level of energy, but it did not influence NDF and ADF digestibility. Cattle treated with the high energy rations had higher blood glucose concentration than cattle treated with the low energy rations. Blood urea in cattle fed low UDP rations was higher than cattle fed high UDP rations. (Animal Production 10(2): 96-101 (2008) Key Words: Undegraded protein, nitrogen, energy, blood metabolit
The Effect of Defaunating Agents Supplementation and Time of Incubation on The In Vitro Dry Matter, Organic Matter Degradability and Products of Fermentation
No full textIn Vitro experiment was conducted to study the effect of defaunating agents supplementation and time of incubation on the dry matter, organic matter degradability and products of fermentation. A completely randomized design with split in time arrangement (4 x 5) on two replicates was used in this experiment. The first (main) factor was time of incubation (1.5, 3,0 and 4.5 hours respectively) and the second factor was no supplement of defaunating agent ( A, as a control), a supplement of 10% Hibiscus tilliaceus leaves (B), a supplement of 10% Hibiscus rosasinensis leaves (C), a supplement of 2% corn oil (D), and a supplement of 2% coconut oil (E). Results of the experiment indicated that treatment C increased 10.66% DM degradability which were significantly different (P0.05) which the highest were on the Hibiscus rosasinensis supplementation (C) and on the 3.0 hours incubation, respectively. It was concluded that defaunating agents were affected significantly different on the DM and OM degradability and total VFA, but were not affected on the N-ammonia. Time of incubation from 1.5 to 4.5 hours increased DM, OM degradability and total VFA, but N-ammonia was decreased. Hibiscus rosasinensis was the best defaunating agents, particularly it was increased DM, OM degradability, total VFA and N-ammonia, absolutely. (Animal Production 8(2): 121-130 (2006) Key Words: Defaunating agents, Time of incubation, DM and OM Degradability, Products of fermentatio
Carcass Percentage Of Growing Male Local Turkey Raised Extensively
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persentase karkas dan bagian-bagian karkas kalkun lokal jantan periode pertumbuhan yang dipelihara secara ekstensif. Materi yang digunakan adalah kalkun lokal. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Sampel kalkun diambil dari peternak tradisional yang tersebar di Kabupaten Banyumas. Sampel kalkun terdiri dari 4 kelompok umur pertumbuhan, yaitu (1) umur >8 – 12 minggu, (2) umur 12 – 16 minggu, (3) umur 16 – 20 minggu, dan (4) umur 20 – 24 minggu. Setiap kelompok umur kalkun diwakili oleh 5 ekor. Untuk mengetahui persentase karkas, semua sampel kalkun dipotong. Data diperoleh dari rataan kelima ekor kalkun pada setiap kelompok umur, kemudian diinformasikan secara deskriptif. Dari hasil yang diperoleh dapat dilaporkan bahwa (1) semakin bertambahnya umur kalkun, persentase karkas bervariasi, namun ada kecenderungan naik, (2) semakin bertambahnya umur kalkun, semakin tinggi persentase karkas bagian paha dan dada, kecuali bagian sayap dan giblet semakin rendah, dan (3) rataan persentase bagian karkas tertinggi adalah paha (18,67 persen), diikuti dada (13,15 persen), punggung (9,55 persen), sayap (9,44 persen) dan giblet (7,06 persen). (Animal Production 5(1): 1-4 (2003) Kata Kunci : Karkas, Kalkun, Pertumbuhan, Ekstensi
Effectivity of Various β-Carotene Concentration on Quality of Frozen-Thawed Semen of Garut Rams
No full textThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of frozen-thawed semen of Garut rams that cryopreserved with Tris extender containing the various β-carotene concentrations. Semen was collected from four mature Garut rams using artificial vagina once a week. Immediately after initial evaluation, semen was divided into four parts and diluted with Tris extender containing 5% glycerol + 0% (control), 0.001% (Kt0.001), 0.002% (Kt0.002), and 0.003% (Kt0.003) β-carotene, respectively. Semen was loaded in 0.25 ml mini straw with the concentration of 200 million motile sperm. Semen was equilibrated at 5ºC for three hours, then frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen container for 7 days. Quality of processed-semen including motility, live sperm, intact acrosomal cap (IAC), and intact plasma membrane (IPM) were evaluated after diluted, equilibrated, and thawed, respectively. Concentration of malondialdehide (MDA) semen after thawing were evaluated. Data were analyzed as completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates. Means values were compared by least significant difference test at 0.05 significant level. Results indicated that mean value of post thawing motility and live sperm for Kt0.002 (50.55% and 56.78%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than Kt0.001 (46.11% and 52.89%), Kt0.003 (46.67% and 53.33%) and control (46.67% and 52.33%). Mean value of post thawing IAC and IPM for Kt0.002 (51.00% and 53.78%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control ( 47.11% and 48.44%), but not significantly different with Kt0.001 (49.00% and 50.00%), and Kt0.003 (48.89% and 49.67%). MDA concentration of frozen-thawed semen for Kt0.001 (3.37 mg/kg), Kt0.002 (3.80 mg/kg), and Kt0.003 (4.61 mg/kg) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than control (5.24 mg/kg). in conclusion, concentration of 0.002% β-carotene in Tris extender is the optimal dose in improving frozen semen quality of garut rams. (Animal Production 7(1): 6-13 (2005) Key Words : β-carotene, frozen-thawed semen, intact plasma membrane, MDA, Garut Ram
Effects of Supplementation of Alkaloid and Non Alkaloid from Sauropus androgynus Leaves on Egg Production and Lipid Profil in Layer Chicken
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to evaluate effects of supplementation of alkaloid or non alkaloid from Sauropus androgynus leaves on productive performance and the contents of lipid fractions in layer chickens. Forty two layer chickens aged 30 weeks were distributed to seven treatment groups. Each treatment group contained six layer chickens maintained in an individual cage, respectively. The present experiment used completely randomized experimental design. The seven treatment groups were as follows: 1) Control, layer chickens were fed diet without supplementation of alkaloid or non alkaloid extracted from Sauropus androgynus (P0); 2) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 30 mg non alkaloid/kg diet (P1); 3) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 60 mg non alkaloid/kg diet (P2); 4) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 90 mg non alkaloid/kg diet (P3); 5) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 30 mg alkaloid/kg diet (P4); 6) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 60 mg alkaloid/kg diet (P5); 7) Layer chickens were fed diet contained 90 mg alkaloid/kg diet (P6). Layer chickens were fed experimental diet with 2,750 kcal/kg Metabolizable Energy (ME) and 16.0% protein. Diet and drinking water were fed ad libitum. Experimental results showed that supplementation of alkaloid or non alkaloid from Sauropus androgynus leaves significantly affected productive performance in layer chickens. It appear that non alkaloid supplementation had no advantage in improving productive performance, whereas supplementation of 30 mg alkaloid/kg diet might have advantages in improving productive performance as indicated by better egg production and lower feed conversion ratio. Treatment had no effect on glucose and triglyceride concentration in serum, but it affected total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL+VLDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index in serum. Cholesterol concentration in serum was significantly increased in P4 and P6, whereas HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 as compared with the control group. Atherogenic index was significantly lower in P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5 as compared with control group. Egg yolk content was significantly lower in P5 as compared with the control group. Fatty liver score was significantly lower in P1, P2, P4, P5 and P6 as compared with the control group. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in P1, P4 and P6 as compared with the control group. Staphylococcus sp. in eggshell was significantly reduced in layer chickens fed diet with 30 mg non alkaloid/kg diet or 90 mg alkaloid/kg diet, whereas Escherichia coli was not reduced by the treatments. In conclusion, both alkaloid and non alkaloid from Sauropus androgynus leaves were effective to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis occurrence. In addition, alkaloid was more effective in lowering egg cholesterol than non alkaloid. Both alkaloid and non alkaloid at a given level of supplementation reduced Staphylococcus sp. in eggshell. (Animal Production 12(3): 184-189 (2010)Key Words: alkaloid, non alkaloid, Sauropus androgynus, atherogenix index, cholestero