Animal Production (E-Journal, JAP)
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Comparative Analysis of the Level of Social Integration in Cattle Farmers’ Groups in Banjarnegara District, Indonesia
No full textPembentukan dan pengembangan kelompok peternak akan dapat meningkatkan kekompakan dan kebersamaan antar peternak dalam melakukan aktifitas usaha peternakan. Melalui kelompok peternak, anggota akan bersatu dan bekerja sama untuk menjadikan mereka lebih berdaya (empowered). Integrasi sosial (social integration) di dalam kelompok peternak merupakan faktor yang penting dalam upaya peningkatan proses pemberdayaan anggota dan keberlanjutan kelompok ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan tingkat integrasi sosial peternak dalam kelompok peternak yang digolongkan berdasarkan tingkat perkembangan organisasi (organizational development) di Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Ketiga golongan kelompok peternak tersebut adalah pemula (beginner), madya (intermediate) dan lanjut (advance). Delapan kelompok peternak yang terdiri dari 145 peternak dipilih sebagai responden dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan sample berjenjang. Data tentang tingkat integrasi sosial dikumpulkan menggunakan kuisioner terbuka dan tertutup. Uji Kruskal-Wallis digunakan untuk membandingkan tingkat integrasi sosial pada tiga golongan kelompok ternak berdasarkan tingkat perkembangan oganisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi sosial peternak di dalam kelompok peternak di Kabupaten Banjarnegara sudah cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan uji Kruskal-Wallis, tingkat integrasi sosial peternak menunjukkan perbedaan (P<0,05) pada ketiga golongan kelompok ternak yang ada di Kabupaten Banjarnegara (pemula, madya dan lanjut). Peternak pada kelompok peternak golongan lanjut (advance) mempunyai rata-rata tingkat sosial integrasi yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada kelompok peternak golongan pemula (beginner) dan madya (intermediate). (Animal Production 9(2): 184-189 (2007) Kata Kunci: Pemberdayaan, integrasi sosial, tingkat perkembangan organisas
Effects of Thawing on Frozen Semen Quality of Limousin and Brahman Bulls
Get PDFThe success of Artificial Insemination (AI )influenced by many factor, there are nutrition, body condition and post thawing motility (PTM). The PTM influenced by liquid N2 storage, equilibration temperature and handling straw. The purpose of this research to compare the effect of thawing duration to frozen semen quality of Limousin and Brahman. This research was done in BIBD, Agriculture Official of Blora, Central Java and Laboratory of Beef Cattle Station Research, Grati. As semen source is bull of Limousin and Brahman with age 2-3 years, body weight + 1200 kg. The data was observed such as: (1) pH, (2) Motility, (3) Live sperm, (4) Abnormality. The research use Randomized Complete Design (RCD) one way there are time of thawing 0, 15, 30, 45 minutes with 10 time repetition. The result of this research showed that the highest motility and live sperm (P<0,05) at the treatment with the  duration of thawing 0 minute, there are 41,50% and 66,50% (Limousin frozen semen); 40,00% and 39,58% (Brahman frozen semen).  It was concluded that shortening the time of thawing could be repairing the PTM and S/C value. (Animal Production 11(1): 48-52 (2009) Key Words : semen quality, frozen semen, thawin
Study of Socio Economic Profile of Small Holder Goat Farming in Gumelar Sub-District Banyumas Regency
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil sosial ekonomi usaha ternak kambing rakyat di daerah pedesaan Kecamatan Gumelar Kabupaten Banyumas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey pada tiga desa terpilih, kemudian 188 responden dipilih secara acak sebagai sampel. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tingkat pendapatan usaha ternak kambing sebesar Rp.349.184,71 per tahun, dengan tingkat efisiensi ekonomi sebesar 2,21. Jumlah pemilikan ternak kambing rata-rata sebesar 2,67 ST, dengan jumlah biaya pakan ternak per tahun rata-rata sebesar Rp.147.672,34. Umur peternak rata-rata 46,5 tahun, tingkat pendidikan peternak sebagian besar berpendidikan Sekolah Dasar dengan lama pendidikan formal rata-rata 5,78 tahun, dan tingkat pengalaman beternak kambing rata-rata 4,04 tahun. Sistem pemeliharaan ternak kambing yang digunakan yaitu sebagian besar menggunakan sistem pemeliharaan tradisional, sedangkan status pekerjaan peternak yaitu sebagian besar berstatus sebagai petani penggarap. (Animal Production 6(2): 61-67 (2004)Â Kata Kunci: Ternak Kambing Rakyat, Profil Sosial Ekonomi, Banyuma
Increasing the Physical Quality of Instant Yogurt by Spray Drying with Instant Additive
No full textThis research was carried out to compare the effects of soy lecithin and yolk as instant additive, to know the effects of instant additive level and their interaction on physical quality of instant yogurt (rehydration rate, solubility and viscosity). The data were analyzed by statistical analysis based on Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with factorial pattern (2x3) using one control treatment (without instant additive), if the result were significant, then continued by Duncan’s New Multiple Range test (DMRT). The first factor was variety of instant additive (soy lecithin, yolk), whereas the second factor was concentration of instant additive (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% v/v). The result of this research showed that variety of instant additive has no significant effect on viscosity, but it has significant effect (P<0.05) on rehydration rate and solubility. The second factor has significant effect (P<0.05) on solubility, but has no significantly effect on rehydration rate and viscosity. Interaction of them only occurred on solubility of instant yogurt. The result of DMRT showed that the increasing physical quality of instant yogurt occurred on the 0.5% concentration. It was compared with control treatment. Increasing concentration has no effect on rehydration rate, solubility or viscosity, except on solubility. The solubility decreased at level of instant additive 1.5%. The conclusions of this research were soy lecithin and yolk had different ability to increase solubility and rehydration rate but gave similar effect on viscosity. Application of soy lecithin or yolk as instant additive up to 0.5% would increase physical quality of instant yogurt (rehydration rate, viscosity and solubility). As compare to soy lecithin, yolk has better performance in increasing and making stable solubility of instant yogurt. (Animal Production 6(1): 1-8 (2004) Key Words: Instant Yogurt, Soy Lecithin, Yolk, Physical Qualit
The Addition of Zinc in Nutritive Rich Feed Containing Lemuru Oil to Growth and Birth Weight of Bali Cattle
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to examine the addition of zinc in nutritive rich feed contained lemuru oil to growth and birth weight of Bali cattle. The experiment design used was randomized complete block design. The animal were randomly assigned into four group of treatments, i. e addition of 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 on nutritive rich feed (NRF) containing lemuru oil. The basal diet consist dried grass while NRF consisted of palm sugar, leucaena and glirisidia leaf meal, rice bran fermentation, fish meal, lemuru oil and urea. The crude protein content of NRF was  23%, while  total digestible nutrient (TDN) was 70%. Addition ZnSO4 in the diet did not increase significantly zinc status, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration and ME retention. However, level of ZnSO4 addition increase significantly (P<0.01) zinc absorption, N retention, growth and birth weight of Bali Cattle (P<0.01). The fastest of growth was achieved at level of ZnSO4 addition of 150 mg ZnSO4.kg-1 NRF. (Animal Production 11(1): 59-65 (2009) Key Words: Bali cattle, PGE2, zinc absorption, growt
A Review: Livestock On-Station and On-Farm Trial
No full textScientist working in international livestock research are expected to be familiar with an interdisciplinary systems approach, and to work in multidisciplinary teams. The argument for this approach is that (1) discipline specialists are not equipped to understand the relationships between the components they focus on and the systems as a whole, (2) if the specialist operates in isolation from the other discipline, he/she is operating in isolation from the system and so the results may be irrelevant or, if applied, actually have a deleterious effect on the systems, (3) therefore, the specialist must understand the system through a systems approach, a systems person, or the activities of a team. Applicants hoping to work in international livestock research are expected to have had project experience in the tropics, where the environment, culture, facilities and infrastructure may be very different from that in Northern Europe. The purpose of this course is to familiarize student with the multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary systems approach and to prepare them for their field projects in the tropics. (Animal Production 1(1) : 36-42 (1999)
Sexual Activity of Indigenenous Ram Base on Ear Type
No full textResearch was conducted to know of sexual activity of indigeneous ram in experimental station, Animal Research Institute, Ciawi-Bogor. Twelve ram were roundly mated with two ewes for fiveteen minutes. All ram were allocated into two groups base on ear type (long and short). The variable observed were time of climbing, time and sum of ejaculation interval with time of climbing, and mating efficiency. Data analyses were used t test. The result of analyses showed that first time of ejaculation in ram of long ear type (4,92 ± 2,61 m) was longer than short ear type (1 ± 0,68 minute) (P0,05). It was concluded that the mating rate in indigeneous ram of short ear type was higher than long ear type. (Animal Production 2(2): 83-91 (2000) Key words : indigeneous ram, sexual activity, mating efficiency
Breed Identification of Four Types Indonesian Native Cattle
No full textPenelitian untuk mengidentifikasi ukuran dan bentuk tengkorak, mempelajari efektifitas analisis multivariat, dan mengklarifikasi hubungan kekerabatan empat tipe sapi potong asli Indonesia, yaitu sapi Bali, sapi Madura, sapi Jawa dan sapi Peranakan Ongole telah dilakukan menggunakan 30 ukuran-ukuran kranium-mandibula dengan analisis komponen utama, analisis komponen diskriminan & analisis diskriminan kanonik. Hasil penelitian disarikan sebagai berikut : (1) Hasil analisis komponen utama menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kranium-mandibula terpanjang ada pada sapi Peranakan Ongole; dan terbesar pada sapi Madura. Ukuran-ukuran kranium-mandibula sapi Jawa dan Peranakan Ongole keduanya serupa dengan sapi Madura tetapi mempunyai bentuk yang lebih pendek dan tinggi; (2) Hasil analisis diskriminan menunjukkan keempat tipe sapi potong asli Indonesia tersebut mempunyai tingkat kesalahan sebesar 0% dalam pengelompokan bangsa sapi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keempat tipe sapi potong tersebut diperoleh adanya perbedaan ukuran dan bentuk dari ukuran-ukuran kranium-mandibula secara jelas, dengan demikian analisis multivariat menggunakan ukuran-ukuran kranium-mandibula dapat digunakan secara akurat untuk mengidentifikasi bangsa sapi potong; (3) Hubungan kekerabatan atau jarak genetik bangsa sapi Jawa lebih dekat ke sapi Peranakan Ongole dan sapi Madura dibanding dengan sapi Bali. Sapi Bali mempunyai jarak genetik yang paling jauh terhadap sapi Peranakan Ongole. (Animal Production 8(3): 174-181 (2006) Kata kunci : Identifikasi bangsa, sapi Indonesia, kranium, mandibula
Clustering and Principal Component Analyses of Constraints in Smallholding Pig Keeping Systems in Manokwari, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research was aimed at identifying clusters and constraints on small holding pig keeping systems in Manokwari, Papua.  A total of 50 pig farmers were selected purposively from 15 villages in urban and rural areas of Manokwari. Questions were focused on the constraints of small holding pig keeping systems development in Manokwari. To classify constraints, a total of seven constraints have been noted.  Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principle component analysis (PCA) were used for clustering analysis and grouping based on components of constrains. Feeding and breeding had Eigen values of 9487 and 2010, respectively. Furthermore, Feeding and breeding had higher variability compared with other components that were 63.250 and 13.397%, respectively (Cumulative axis 1 and 2 were 76.65%). Feeding and breeding had a positive coefficient correlation (Pearson n) rF1 that could be found in some farmers in urban and rural of Manokwari. (Animal Production 12(3): 199-206 (2010) Key Words: pig, small holding systems, clustering, component analysis, development constraints, Papu
The Effect of Enzyme Supplementation on Apparent Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Broilers Fed Sorghum or Wheat
Get PDFIn plant products such as sorghum and wheat, 50-70% of total phosphorus is bound in the form of phytin-P, which is unavailable to poultry due to the lack of significant endogenous production of the enzyme phytase. As a consequence, nitrogen retention and amino acid utilisation are reduced due to the reduction in protein digestibility. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of a commercial xylanase and phytase alone and in combination on the apparent amino acid digestibility of wheat and sorghum. The experimental diets were fed in mash form to three replicate pens (6 male birds per pen) for 5 days. On day 42, all birds were euthanatised by an intracardial injection of sodium pentabarbitone solution, and the contents of the lower half of the ileum were collected. Amino acid concentration of ileal digesta samples was determined. The enzymes used were: natuphos phytase (5,000 FTU/g), xylanase (55,000 EXU/g) and b-glucanase (1,200 BGU/g) as well as several side- activities (cellulase and protease); the recommended inclusion rate is 120 g/tonne. Analyses were performed using statistical analysis software SAS. In conclusion, inclusion of xylanase alone in wheat based broiler diets is advantageous through positive effects on the digestibility of all amino acids. In sorghum based diets, there was no improvement in amino acid digestibility with xylanase or phytase supplementation. (Animal Production 12(3): 169-174 (2010)  Key Words : amino acid, digestibility, enzyme, wheat, sorghu